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Civic-military Dictatorship Of Uruguay
The civic-military dictatorship of Uruguay (1973–85), also known as the Uruguayan Dictatorship, was an authoritarian military dictatorship that ruled Uruguay for 12 years, from June 27, 1973 (after the U.S. backed 1973 coup d'état) until March 1, 1985. The dictatorship has been the subject of much controversy due to its violations of human rights, use of torture, and the unexplained disappearances of many Uruguayans. The term "civic-military" refers to the military regime's relatively gradual usurpation of power from civilian presidents who continued to serve as head of state, which distinguished it from dictatorships in other South American countries in which senior military officers immediately seized power and directly served as head of state. The dictatorship was the culmination of an escalation of violence and authoritarianism in a traditionally peaceful and democratic country, and existed within the context of other military dictatorships in the region. It resulted i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1973 Uruguayan Coup D'état
The 1973 Uruguayan coup d'état took place in Uruguay on 27 June 1973 and marked the beginning of the civic-military dictatorship which lasted until 1985. President Juan María Bordaberry closed parliament and ruled with the assistance of a junta of military generals. The official reason was to crush the Tupamaros, a Marxist urban guerrilla movement. The leftist trade union federations called a general strike and occupation of factories. The strike lasted just over two weeks. It was ended with most of the trade union leaders in jail, dead, or exiled to Argentina. As part of the coup all associations including trade unions were declared illegal and banned; the Constitution of Uruguay of 1967 was practically voided. Unions and political parties remained illegal until a general strike in 1984 forced the military to accept civilian rule and the restoration of democracy in 1985. Antecedents On September 9, 1971, President Jorge Pacheco Areco instructed the armed forces to conduct ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Forced Disappearance
An enforced disappearance (or forced disappearance) is the secret abduction or imprisonment of a person by a state or political organization, or by a third party with the authorization, support, or acquiescence of a state or political organization, followed by a refusal to acknowledge the person's fate and whereabouts, with the intent of placing the victim outside the protection of the law. According to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, which came into force on 1 July 2002, when committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack directed at any civilian population, a "forced disappearance" qualifies as a crime against humanity, not subject to a statute of limitations, in international criminal law. On 20 December 2006, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance. Often, forced disappearance implies murder: a victim is abducted, may be illegally detained and of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Líber Seregni
Líber Seregni Mosquera (13 December 1916 – 31 July 2004) was a Uruguayan military officer and politician. In his youth he was a member of the Colorado Party. Under successive governments of that party, he had a successful military career until his retirement in 1968. In 1971, Seregni split with the Colorado Party. He founded the Broad Front (), a left-wing political coalition, and was its presidential candidate in the general election of 1971. Banned and imprisoned by the military dictatorship, he was released in 1984. In 1989 he was once again presidential candidate in the general elections. Early life Seregni was born on 13 December 1916, in the Palermo ''barrio'' of Montevideo, Uruguay. His primary school education was at the "Escuela Brasil" ("Brazil School") in the Pocitos ''barrio''. In 1937 he was arrested for participating in a demonstration in support of the Second Spanish Republic. Military career Seregni joined the Army of Uruguay in 1931, and was p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1971 Uruguayan Referendum
A double referendum was held in Uruguay on 28 November 1971 alongside general elections.Uruguay, 28 November 1971: Immediate re-election of the President Direct Democracy Voters were asked whether they approved of two proposals; one to allow presidents to seek immediate re-election for a second term, and one that would force the President to resign if any government ministers were found guilty of violating the law.Uruguay, 28 November 1971: Resignation of the President Direct Democracy Both were rejected by voters. Proposals The proposal to allow Presidents to seek imme ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geoffrey Jackson
Sir Geoffrey Holt Seymour Jackson (4 March 1915 – 1 October 1987) was a British diplomat and writer. Background and earlier career Jackson received his education at Bolton School and Emmanuel College, Cambridge. He entered the Foreign Service in 1937 and served in Beirut, Cairo, Baghdad, Basra, Bogotá and Berne before being appointed Minister to Honduras in 1956. The next year he was promoted to ambassador when the post was upgraded. He was Consul-General at Seattle for the north-western US states 1960–64 and Minister (Commercial) in Toronto 1965–69. HM Ambassador to Uruguay In 1969 he became ambassador in Uruguay. He was kidnapped by Tupamaros guerrillas in 1970, enduring a captivity of nine months. Released in September 1971, he retired at the end of 1972 with the honorary rank of Deputy Under-Secretary of State at the Foreign Office, having served for 35 years in the diplomatic service, of which 31 had been spent abroad. Kidnapping Jackson was kidnapped by Tu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dan Mitrione
Daniel Anthony Mitrione (August 4, 1920 – August 10, 1970) was a U.S. government official in Latin America who trained local police in the use of torture. He was kidnapped and murdered by the Tupamaros guerrilla group fighting against the authoritarian government in Montevideo, Uruguay. Early life and career Dan Mitrione was born in Italy, the second son of Joseph and Maria Mitrione. The family emigrated to America soon after Dan's birth, settling in Richmond, Indiana, where Mitrione grew up. Mitrione married Henrietta Lind while serving on a Michigan naval base during World War II, and the couple eventually had nine children. After the war ended, Mitrione became a police officer in Richmond. He started as a patrolman in 1945, rising through the ranks until he was hired as the Richmond chief of police in 1956, a position which he held until 1960. Career in the Office of Public Safety In 1960, Mitrione joined the Public Safety program of the International Cooperation Adminis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Líber Arce
Líber Walter Arce Risotto (30 October 1938 – 14 August 1968) was the first student killed by police forces in Uruguay under the government of Jorge Pacheco Areco. Líber Arce was a student at the Dental Prosthetics School of the University of the Republic's Faculty of Dentistry, and worked at a street market with his parents. He was also a militant of the Dentistry Student Center, the (FEUU), and the Union of Communist Youth (UJC) from the age of 19, with whom he demonstrated for democracy, social justice, and solidarity with peoples fighting for liberation. Historical context On 13 June 1968, had been decreed by the government, a state of emergency that would be maintained for months. In the early hours of 9 August, Interior Minister Eduardo Jiménez de Aréchaga – under the orders of Jorge Pacheco Areco – ordered searches of the University of the Republic, the Faculties of Agronomy, Architecture, Psychology, Medicine, and the National School of Fine Arts, with the justi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tupamaros
The Tupamaros – National Liberation Movement ( es, Movimiento de Liberación Nacional – Tupamaros, MLN-T), widely known as Tupamaros, was a Marxist-Leninist urban guerrilla group in Uruguay in the 1960s and 1970s. The MLN-T is inextricably linked to its most important leader, Raúl Sendic, and his brand of social politics. José Mujica, who later became President of Uruguay, was also a member. 300 Tupamaros died either in action or in prisons (mostly in 1972), according to officials of the group. About 3,000 Tupamaros were also imprisoned. Origins of the Tupamaros For most of the 1900s, Uruguay was one of the most flourishing nations in Latin America. President José Batlle y Ordóñez raised Uruguay's living standard to nearly match that of European industrialized nations by creating a complex social welfare system, after the civil war that preceded his presidency. During both world wars, Uruguay was considered the "Switzerland of the Americas" as it made the majority of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Socialist Party Of Uruguay
The Socialist Party of Uruguay ( es, Partido Socialista del Uruguay) is a Uruguayan socialist political party. History The party was founded in 1910. Its main leader and spokesman was Dr Emilio Frugoni, a prominent advocate of socialist ideas in Uruguay. Its central organ was the newspaper '' Germinal'', later superseded by ''El Sol''. The party was a member of the Labour and Socialist International between 1932 and 1940. In 1951 it joined the Socialist International, which it later left in 1960, and rejoined it in 1999. In 2017 the party once again withdrew from the Socialist International and joined the Progressive Alliance. In 1971, the party was one of the founding members of the Broad Front, a left-wing coalition than won the 2004 election, 2009 election and 2014 election, also electing one of its affiliates, Tabaré Vasquez, as president. It is currently led by Gonzalo Civila. The Broad Front supported Daniel Martinez, a member of Socialist Party of Uruguay, for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jorge Pacheco Areco
Jorge Pacheco Areco (April 9, 1920 – July 29, 1998) was a Uruguayan politician and member of the Colorado Party. He served as President of Uruguay from December 6, 1967 to March 1, 1972."Leaders of Uruguay" on terra.es, accessed 15 May 2006. Early political career Pacheco joined the Colorado Party in the late 1950s, and was elected to the in 1962. In the government of President Óscar Gestido in 1967, Pacheco served as |
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