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Circassian Language
Circassian , also known as Cherkess , is a subdivision of the Northwest Caucasian language family, spoken by the Circassian people. There are two Circassian languages, defined by their literary standards, Adyghe (; also known as West Circassian), with half a million speakers, and Kabardian (; also known as East Circassian), with a million. The languages are highly mutually intelligible with one another, but differ to a degree where they would be considered clear-cut dialects. The earliest extant written records of the Circassian languages are in the Arabic script, recorded by the Turkish traveller Evliya Çelebi in the 17th century.Papşu, Murat (2006)Çerkes-Adığe yazısının tarihçesi". ''Nart, İki Aylık Düşün ve Kültür Dergisi'', Sayı 51, Eylül-Ekim 2006. There is consensus among the linguistic community about the fact that Adyghe and Kabardian are typologically distinct languages. However, the local terms for these languages refer to them as dialects. The Circa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Circassians
The Circassians (also referred to as Cherkess or Adyghe; Adyghe and Kabardian: Адыгэхэр, romanized: ''Adıgəxər'') are an indigenous Northwest Caucasian ethnic group and nation native to the historical country-region of Circassia in the North Caucasus. As a consequence of the Circassian genocide, which was perpetrated by the Russian Empire in the 19th century during the Russo-Circassian War, most Circassians were exiled from their homeland in Circassia to modern-day Turkey and the rest of the Middle East, where the majority of them are concentrated today. The Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization estimated in the early 1990s that there are as many as 3.7 million Circassians in diaspora in over 50 countries. The Circassian language is the ancestral language of the Circassian people, and Islam has been the dominant religion among them since the 17th century. Circassia has been subject to repeated invasions since ancient times; its isolated terrain coupled wi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abzakh Dialect
The Abzakh dialect ( ady, Абдзахабзэ; kbd, Абдзахэбзэ) is one of the Adyghe language dialects. The Abzakh dialect is spoken by the Abzakh which are one of the largest Circassian population in the diaspora outside Republic of Adygea alongside Shapsugs. Phonology The un aspirated postalveolar sibilant affricate consonants ч and чъ in most Adyghe dialects (e.g. Temirgoy) became щ and шъ in the Abzakh dialect. In the Abzakh dialects there exists a palatalized glottal stop ʲ and an alveolo-palatal ejective fricative ʼ which respectively correspond to кӏ ʃʼand чӏ ͡ʂʼin other Adyghe dialects. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abzakh Adyghe Dialect
The Abzakh dialect ( ady, Абдзахабзэ; kbd, Абдзахэбзэ) is one of the Adyghe language dialects. The Abzakh dialect is spoken by the Abzakh which are one of the largest Circassian population in the diaspora outside Republic of Adygea alongside Shapsugs. Phonology The un aspirated postalveolar sibilant affricate consonants ч and чъ in most Adyghe dialects (e.g. Temirgoy) became щ and шъ in the Abzakh dialect. In the Abzakh dialects there exists a palatalized glottal stop ʲ and an alveolo-palatal ejective fricative ʼ which respectively correspond to кӏ ʃʼand чӏ ͡ʂʼin other Adyghe dialects. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biga, Çanakkale
Biga is a town and district of Çanakkale Province in the Marmara region of Turkey. It is located on the Biga River, northeast from Çanakkale city centre. According to the 2000 census, population of the district is 80,982 of which 37,196 live in the town of Biga. The district covers an area of , and the town lies at an elevation of . The center of COMU Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences is in Biga. History Within the area of Biga (at Karabiga) is the site of the ancient city of Pegaea ( el, Πηγαία), also known as Pegae or Pegai (Πηγαί, "the Springs") until late Byzantine times (in Crusader sources it is also known as Spiga). Archaeologists have not yet established how far back the site has been occupied. In ancient times, Pegaea, located on the plain of Adrastea on the border between the Troad and Mysia, was sometimes included as part of one and sometimes the other. Since coming under Ottoman rule in 1364 it has been known as Biga. Under the Ottomans ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Republic Of Adygea
The Republic of Adygea (; russian: Республика Адыгея, Respublika Adygeya, p=ɐdɨˈɡʲejə; ady, Адыгэ Республик, ''Adıgə Respublik''), also known as the Adyghe Republic, is a republic of Russia. It is situated in the North Caucasus of Eastern Europe. The republic is a part of the Southern Federal District, and covers an area of , with a population of roughly 496,934 residents. It is an enclave within Krasnodar Krai and is the fifth-smallest Russian federal subject by area. Maykop is the capital and the largest city of Adygea, home to one-third of the republic's population. Adygea is one of Russia's ethnic republics, primarily representing the indigenous Circassian people that form 25% of the Republic's population, while Russians form a majority at 60%, and with minority populations of Armenians and Ukrainians. The official languages of Adygea are Russian and Adyghe. Geography Adygea lies in Russia's Southern Federal District of Eastern Europe, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bzhedug Adyghe Dialect
The Bzhedug dialect ( ady, Бжъэдыгъубзэ) is a dialect of Adyghe. The Bzhedug dialect is spoken by the Bzhedugs who live mostly in Adygea and Biga. Phonology Dropped consonants In the Bzhedug dialect (as in the Northern Shapsug dialect) in some cases the consonants н , м and р are dropped and are not pronounced. * The consonant м is dropped before bilabial stops б , п , пI : * The consonant н is dropped before postalveolar affricates дж , ч , кI and before alveolar stops д , т , тI : Aspirated consonants In the Bzhedug dialect (Like the Shapsug dialect) there exist a series of aspirated consonants (/pʰ/ /tʰ/ /ʃʰ/ /t͡sʰ/ /t͡ʃʰ/ /t͡ʂʰ/ /t͡ɕʰʷ/ /kʰʷ/ /qʰ/ /qʰʷ/) that became plain consonants in other dialects : * Bzhedug пʰ ↔ п in other dialects : * Bzhedug тʰ ↔ т in other dialects : * Bzhedug цʰ ↔ ц in other dialects : * Bzhedug шʰ ↔ щ in other Adyghe dialects : * Bzhedug ч ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hakuchi Adyghe Dialect
Hakuchi (Xakuchi; Хьакӏуцубзэ ''Kh′ak′ucubză'' or Къарацхаибзэ ''Qaracxaibză'' in Hakuchi Adyghe) is a variety of the Shapsug sub-dialect of West Adyghe dialect of the Adyghe language spoken in Turkey. Since the Hakuchi are considered an isolated Shapsugh clan, their dialect differs little from that of the Shapsugh dialect. Phonology The Hakuchi has an uvular ejective ʼand a labialized uvular ejective ʷʼref name="adygeya-republic phonetic changes adygeya-republic phonetic changes Ларингализация/ref> that correspond to West Adyghe and Kabardian Adyghe glottal stop and labialized glottal stop ʷ See also * Adyghe language ** West Adyghe dialect *** Abzakh Adyghe sub-dialect *** Bzhedug Adyghe sub-dialect *** Shapsug Adyghe sub-dialect ** Ubykh Adyghe dialect ** Kabardian Adyghe dialect *** Besleney (Cherkessian) Adyghe sub-dialect References * John Colarusso John Colarusso is a linguist specializing in Caucasian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Israel
Israel (; he, יִשְׂרָאֵל, ; ar, إِسْرَائِيل, ), officially the State of Israel ( he, מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, label=none, translit=Medīnat Yīsrāʾēl; ), is a country in Western Asia. It is situated on the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Red Sea, and shares borders with Lebanon to the north, Syria to the northeast, Jordan to the east, and Egypt to the southwest. Israel also is bordered by the Palestinian territories of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip to the east and west, respectively. Tel Aviv is the economic and technological center of the country, while its seat of government is in its proclaimed capital of Jerusalem, although Israeli sovereignty over East Jerusalem is unrecognized internationally. The land held by present-day Israel witnessed some of the earliest human occupations outside Africa and was among the earliest known sites of agriculture. It was inhabited by the Canaanites ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kfar Kama
Kfar Kama ( he, כְּפַר כַּמָא, ar, كفر كما, ) is a Circassian town located in the Lower Galilee of Israel's northern district, located along road 767, that leads from Kfar Tavor to the Kinneret. It is one of the only two Circassian towns in Israel, the other being Rehaniya. The residents of the town are descended from the Shapsug tribe exilees from Circassia. In 2008, the town had a population of 2,900. History Antiquity Archaeologists have proposed that Kfar Kama was the village Helenoupolis that Constantine established in honor of his mother Helen.Tsafrir, Di Segni and Green, 1994, 142 Excavations carried out in 1961 and 1963 revealed 4th century tombs.Dauphin, 1998, p. 727 Two churches dated to the early 6th century, one dedicated to Saint Thecla, were uncovered, with multicolored mosaics of floral, animal and geometric patterns. In the Crusader period it was known as ''Kapharchemme'' or ''Capharkeme.''Pringle, 1997, p. 117/ref> Ruins and parts of fiv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kfar Kama Adyghe Dialect
The Shapsug dialect ( ady, Шапсыгъабзэ; kbd, Шапсыгъэбзэ) is a dialect of Adyghe. The Shapsug dialect is spoken by the Shapsugs, which are one of the largest Circassian population in the diaspora outside Republic of Adygea, alongside Abzakhs. The Shapsug dialect is very similar to the Natukhai dialect and together, they make the Black Sea coast dialects of Adyghe. The Shapsug dialect consists of three main sub dialects: Great Shapsug (North Shapsug), Small Shapsug (South Shapsug) and Hakuchi. The Shapsug dialect is best known as the dialect with palatalized velar stops. Subdialects *The Black Sea coast dialects ** Natukhai dialect ( ady, Нэтӏхъуаджэбзэ) **Shapsug dialect ( ady, Шапсыгъабзэ) ***North Shapsugs, Great Shapsugs, Kuban Shapsugs dialect (Шапсыгъэ шху). **** Kfar Kama dialect (Кфар Камэм ишапсыгъэбзэ): Shapsug dialect spoken by the villagers of Kfar Kama in Israel. ***South Shapsug ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zhaney
The Zhaney ( ady, Жьанэ, translit=Janə; russian: Жанеевцы, translit=Žaneevcy), or Janes, were one of the twelve major Circassian tribes, representing one of the twelve stars on the green-and-gold Circassian flag. History The Zhaney were a very powerful Circassian tribe in the past. They lived the north of the Natukhai tribe's land on the coast of the Black Sea and Azov Sea in Eastern Europe. A map of the 17th century also shows they lived right by the coast of the lower flow of Kubans, beyond Taman and Atchu. As a result of the bloody Russian–Circassian War, Zhaney tribe was almost wholly destroyed, as only 3 families survived. See also * Other Circassian tribes: * Abzakh * Besleney * Bzhedug * Hatuqwai * Kabardian * Mamkhegh * Natukhai * Shapsug * Temirgoy * Ubykh * Yegeruqwai The Yegeruqway (; Russian: Егерукаевцы, ''Yegerukaevtsy'') were one of the twelve major Circassian tribes, representing one of the twelve stars on the green-and-gol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
