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Circar
Sarkar ( hi, , ur, , pa, ਸਰਕਾਰ, bn, সরকার also spelt Circar) is a historical administrative division, used mostly in the Mughal Empire. It was a division of a Subah or province. A sarkar was further divided into Mahallas or Parganas. The Sarkar system was replaced in the early 18th century by the Chakla system. See also * Northern Circars, the five individual districts making up a former division of British India's Madras Presidency * Rajamundry Sarkar, one among the Northern Circars * Pakhli, an ancient sarkar now part of Hazara, Pakistan * Pakhal Sarkar Pakhal is an area of the Mansehra district in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. It was ruled by the Sarkar Sultanate between 1190 and 1519. Also known as the Sarkar Kingdom, it was known for agricultural products such as rice and tobacco. The territory ..., an area of Mansehra district in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan References Subdivisions of the Mughal Empire Former subdivisions of Bangladesh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Northern Circars
The Northern Circars (also spelt Sarkars) was a division of British India's Madras Presidency. It consisted of a narrow slip of territory lying along the western side of the Bay of Bengal from 15° 40′ to 20° 17′ north latitude, in the present-day Indian states of Andhra Pradesh and Odisha. The Subah of Deccan (Hyderabab/Golconda) consisted of 22 circars. These northern circars were five in number and the most prominent ones in the Subah. They became British in a protracted piecemeal process lasting from 1758 to 1823, involving diplomacy and financial settlements rather than military conquest. The annexation by the British of the Northern Circars deprived Hyderabad State, the Nizam's dominion, of the considerable coastline it formerly had, assuming the shape it is now remembered for: that of a landlocked princely state with territories in Central Deccan, bounded on all sides by British India. Etymology ''Circar'' was an English spelling of ''sarkar'', a Mughal term ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rajamundry Sarkar
Rajamundry Sarkar was one of the five Northern Circars in the Golconda Sultanate, Deccan Subah of Mughal empire and later in the Nizam's dominion of Hyderabad. During Qutb Shahi, Mughal and Nizam rule it was referred in official records with name Rājmandrī and the same name was anglicized in the British colonial era as ''Rajahmundry'' or ''Rajamundry''. The Northern Circars were the most prominent ones in the Subah of Deccan. The Northern Circars were five in number: Chicacole (Srikakulam), Rajmandri (Rajahmundry), Ellore (Eluru), Mustaphanagar (Kondapalli) and Murtuzanagar (Guntur). A ''Circar'' was an English spelling of ''sarkar'', a Mughal term for a district (a subdivision of a ''subah'' or province), which had been in use since the time of Sher Shah Suri (1486–1545). A sarkar was further divided into Mahals or Parganas. The Hills in the Eastern Ghats near Pentakota village were considered the northern limit of the Rajahmundry Circar beyond which was the Chicacole Circar. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Administrative Division
Administrative division, administrative unit,Article 3(1). country subdivision, administrative region, subnational entity, constituent state, as well as many similar terms, are generic names for geographical areas into which a particular, independent sovereign state (country) is divided. Such a unit usually has an administrative authority with the power to take administrative or policy decisions for its area. Usually, the countries have several levels of administrative divisions. The common names for the principal (largest) administrative divisions are: states (i.e. "subnational states", rather than sovereign states), provinces, lands, oblasts, governorates, cantons, prefectures, counties, regions, departments, and emirates. These, in turn, are often subdivided into smaller administrative units known by names such as circuits, counties, ''comarcas'', raions, '' județe'', or districts, which are further subdivided into the municipalities, communes or communities consti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Asiatic Society Of Bangladesh
The Asiatic Society of Bangladesh is a non political and non profit research organisation registered under both Society Act of 1864 and NGO Bureau, Government of Bangladesh. The Asiatic Society of Bangladesh was established as the Asiatic Society of East Pakistan in Dhaka in 1952 by a number of Muslim leaders, and renamed in 1972. Ahmed Hasan Dani, a noted Muslim historian and archaeologist of Pakistan played an important role in founding this society. He was assisted by Muhammad Shahidullah, a Bengali linguist. The society is housed in Nimtali, walking distance from the Curzon Hall of Dhaka University, locality of Old Dhaka. Publications The society's publications include: * ''Banglapedia, the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh'' (edition 2, 2012) * ''Encyclopedia of Flora and Fauna of Bangladesh'' (2010, 28 volumes) * ''Cultural Survey of Bangladesh, a documentation of the country's cultural history, tradition and heritage'' (2008, 12 volumes) * ''Children’s Banglapedia'', a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mughal Empire
The Mughal Empire was an early-modern empire that controlled much of South Asia between the 16th and 19th centuries. Quote: "Although the first two Timurid emperors and many of their noblemen were recent migrants to the subcontinent, the dynasty and the empire itself became indisputably Indian. The interests and futures of all concerned were in India, not in ancestral homelands in the Middle East or Central Asia. Furthermore, the Mughal empire emerged from the Indian historical experience. It was the end product of a millennium of Muslim conquest, colonization, and state-building in the Indian subcontinent." For some two hundred years, the empire stretched from the outer fringes of the Indus river basin in the west, northern Afghanistan in the northwest, and Kashmir in the north, to the highlands of present-day Assam and Bangladesh in the east, and the uplands of the Deccan Plateau in South India. Quote: "The realm so defined and governed was a vast territory of some , rang ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Subah (province)
A Subah was the term for a province (State) in the Mughal Empire. The word is derived from Arabic and Persian. The governor/ruler of a ''Subah'' was known as a '' subahdar'' (sometimes also referred to as a "''Subeh''"), which later became '' subedar'' to refer to an officer in the Indian Army and Pakistan Army. The ''subahs'' were established by badshah (emperor) Akbar during his administrative reforms of years 1572–1580; initially they numbered to 12, but his conquests expanded the number of ''subahs'' to 15 by the end of his reign. ''Subahs'' were divided into '' Sarkars'', or districts. ''Sarkars'' were further divided into '' Parganas'' or '' Mahals''. His successors, most notably Aurangzeb, expanded the number of ''subahs'' further through their conquests. As the empire began to dissolve in the early 18th century, many ''subahs'' became effectively independent, or were conquered by the Marathas or the British. In modern context subah ( ur, ) is a word used for provinc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mahalla
is an Arabic word variously translated as district, quarter, ward, or "neighborhood" in many parts of the Arab world, the Balkans, Western Asia, the Indian subcontinent, and nearby nations. History Historically, mahallas were autonomous social institutions built around familial ties and Islamic rituals. Today it is popularly recognised also by non-Muslims as a neighbourhood in large cities and towns. Mahallas lie at the intersection of private family life and the public sphere. Important community-level management functions are performed through mahalle solidarity, such as religious ceremonies, life-cycle rituals, resource management and conflict resolution. It is an official administrative unit in many Middle Eastern countries. The word was brought to the Balkans through Ottoman Turkish ''mahalle'', but it originates in Arabic محلة (''mähallä''), from the root meaning "to settle", "to occupy". In September 2017, a Turkish-based association referred to the historical mahal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pargana
Pargana ( bn, পরগনা, , hi, परगना, ur, پرگنہ) or parganah, also spelt pergunnah during the time of the Sultanate period, Mughal times and British Raj, is a former administrative unit of the Indian subcontinent and each ''Parganas'' may or may not subdivided into some ''pirs''. Those revinue units are used primarily, but not exclusively, by the Muslim kingdoms. After independence the Parganas became equivalent to Block/ Tahsil and Pirs became Grampanchayat. ''Parganas'' were introduced by the Delhi Sultanate. As a revenue unit, a pargana consists of several '' mouzas'', which are the smallest revenue units, consisting of one or more villages and the surrounding countryside. Under the reign of Sher Shah Suri, administration of parganas was strengthened by the addition of other officers, including a '' shiqdar'' (police chief), an ''amin'' or ''munsif'' (an arbitrator who assessed and collected revenue) and a ''karkun'' (record keeper). Mughal era In the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chakla (administrative Division)
Chakla (Persian: چکلہ) was a district-level administrative division in Indian subcontinent during the Mughal period. The chakla system was used at least in Bengal and Awadh provinces. The chakla was the major administrative division in a subah (province). It was further subdivided into parganas; each pargana consisted of several villages. See also * Sarkar (administrative division) Sarkar ( hi, , ur, , pa, ਸਰਕਾਰ, bn, সরকার also spelt Circar) is a historical administrative division, used mostly in the Mughal Empire. It was a division of a Subah or province. A sarkar was further divided into Mahallas o ... References Subdivisions of the Mughal Empire Awadh Bengal Subah History of Uttar Pradesh Former subdivisions of Bangladesh {{Bangladesh-hist-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pakhli
Pakhli Sultanate was an ancient sarkar (district) of the Mughal Subah of Punjab, now part of Hazara, Pakistan. It roughly corresponds to the ancient Urasa, the Aρσa or Οΰaρσa which Ptolemy placed between the Bidaspes (Jhelum) and the Indus. It was part of the Gandhara or Gandharva country of antiquity). It later became part of Chandragupta Maurya's Empire. The archaeological remains found here suggest that this was a place of great Buddhist learning. In the Rajatarangini this place now appeared as a separate kingdom and then again as tributary to the Kashmir valley. The Ain-i-Akbari refers to this entire region as Sarkar Pakhli, which formed a part of the larger Kashmir province, which in turn was part of Subah Kabul. The area of Pakhli today forms a part of the Mansehra of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. History The king of Pakhli at the time of Alexander the Great was Arsakes, during the time of the Chinese pilgrim Xuanzang visited the area it ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pakhal Sarkar
Pakhal is an area of the Mansehra district in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. It was ruled by the Sarkar Sultanate between 1190 and 1519. Also known as the Sarkar Kingdom, it was known for agricultural products such as rice and tobacco. The territory used to extend from Jalalabad, Afghanistan, to Kashmir. It is named for the Sultan Sarkar Jahangir of the Swati tribe, who was later succeeded by his brother, Sultan Bahram. The Swati, after the fall of their kingdom in the Swat and Dir Districts, crossed the Indus River to take control of Sarkar and adjoining areas from the Karluk Turks The Karluks (also Qarluqs, Qarluks, Karluqs, otk, 𐰴𐰺𐰞𐰸, Qarluq, Para-Mongol: Harluut, zh, s=葛逻禄, t=葛邏祿 ''Géluólù'' ; customary phonetic: ''Gelu, Khololo, Khorlo'', fa, خَلُّخ, ''Khallokh'', ar, قارلوق .... Sultans Sultans of the Gab Kingdom included: * Sultan Pakhal Sarkar * Sultan Bahram * Sultanate Dussehra * Sultan Arghush * Sultan Jahangir * Sulta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Subdivisions Of The Mughal Empire
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Subdivision may refer to: Arts and entertainment * Subdivision (metre), in music * ''Subdivision'' (film), 2009 * "Subdivision", an episode of ''Prison Break'' (season 2) * ''Subdivisions'' (EP), by Sinch, 2005 * "Subdivisions" (song), by Rush, 1982 Science, technology and mathematics * Subdivision (rank), a taxonomic rank * Subdivision (botany), or subphylum, a taxonomic rank * Subdivision, resulting in Homeomorphism (graph theory) * Subdivision surface, in computer graphics Other uses * Subdivision, an administrative division, a portion of a country * Subdivision (India), an administrative division in India * Subdivision (land), the act of dividing land into smaller pieces See also * * * Division (other) Division or divider may refer to: Mathematics *Division (mathematics), the inverse of multiplication *Division algorithm, a method for computing the result of mathematical division Military *Division (military), a formation typically consisting ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
