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Chubutemys
''Chubutemys'' was an extinct genus of meiolaniform turtle. It lived during the Early Cretaceous of Argentina, around the Albian-Aptian border, within the Puesto La Paloma Member of the Cerro Barcino Formation. It is known from most of the skeleton and carapace, and part of the skull. Description A skeleton, including most of the skull, is known for ''Chubutemys''. As the skull was found in the same quarry as the postcranial skeleton, it was decided to be likely to be from the same individual. The shell of the specimen is remarkably thin. Classification ''Chubutemys'' is a turtle that is relatively easy to classify. Among related genera, Sterli ''et al.'' found ''Patagoniaemys'' to be the most unstable genus. The cladogram below shows the relationships of ''Chubutemys'', and three possible placements of ''Patagoniaemys'': Paleoecology ''Chubutemys'' is from the Cerro Barcino Formation. A locality of many turtles, nicknamed "Turtle Town", located within the Puesto La Paloma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meiolaniformes
Meiolaniformes is an extinct clade of stem-group turtles, defined as all taxa more closely related to ''Meiolania'' than to Cryptodira and Pleurodira. It is known from the Early Cretaceous to the Holocene of Australia, Oceania and South America. Some Eurasian taxa have been suggested to be part of the group, but this is disputed. The oldest member of Meiolaniformes is Australian Early Cretaceous '' Otwayemys''. Taxonomy The clade as currently defined contains the following taxa: * †''Chubutemys'' Gaffney et al. 2007 - Aptian, Cerro Barcino Formation, Argentina * †'' Otwayemys'' Gaffney et al. 1998 - Aptian, Eumeralla Formation, Australia * †''Patagoniaemys'' Sterli and de la Fuente 2011 Upper Campanian-Lower Maastrichtian, La Colonia Formation, Argentina * †'' Peligrochelys'' Sterli and de la Fuente 2011 Danian, Salamanca Formation, Argentina * †'' Trapalcochelys'' Sterli et al. 2013 Upper Campanian, Allen Formation, Argentina * †Meiolaniidae Lydekker 1887, Eocene ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meiolaniformes
Meiolaniformes is an extinct clade of stem-group turtles, defined as all taxa more closely related to ''Meiolania'' than to Cryptodira and Pleurodira. It is known from the Early Cretaceous to the Holocene of Australia, Oceania and South America. Some Eurasian taxa have been suggested to be part of the group, but this is disputed. The oldest member of Meiolaniformes is Australian Early Cretaceous '' Otwayemys''. Taxonomy The clade as currently defined contains the following taxa: * †''Chubutemys'' Gaffney et al. 2007 - Aptian, Cerro Barcino Formation, Argentina * †'' Otwayemys'' Gaffney et al. 1998 - Aptian, Eumeralla Formation, Australia * †''Patagoniaemys'' Sterli and de la Fuente 2011 Upper Campanian-Lower Maastrichtian, La Colonia Formation, Argentina * †'' Peligrochelys'' Sterli and de la Fuente 2011 Danian, Salamanca Formation, Argentina * †'' Trapalcochelys'' Sterli et al. 2013 Upper Campanian, Allen Formation, Argentina * †Meiolaniidae Lydekker 1887, Eocene ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Early Cretaceous
The Early Cretaceous ( geochronological name) or the Lower Cretaceous (chronostratigraphic name), is the earlier or lower of the two major divisions of the Cretaceous. It is usually considered to stretch from 145 Ma to 100.5 Ma. Geology Proposals for the exact age of the Barremian-Aptian boundary ranged from 126 to 117 Ma until recently (as of 2019), but based on drillholes in Svalbard the defining early Aptian Oceanic Anoxic Event 1a (OAE1a) was carbon isotope dated to 123.1±0.3 Ma, limiting the possible range for the boundary to c. 122–121 Ma. There is a possible link between this anoxic event and a series of Early Cretaceous large igneous provinces (LIP). The Ontong Java-Manihiki-Hikurangi large igneous province, emplaced in the South Pacific at c. 120 Ma, is by far the largest LIP in Earth's history. The Ontong Java Plateau today covers an area of 1,860,000 km2. In the Indian Ocean another LIP began to form at c. 120 Ma, the Kerguelen P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Testudinata
Testudinata is the group of all tetrapods with a true turtle shell. It includes both modern turtles (Testudines) and many of their extinct, shelled relatives (stem-turtles). Though it was first coined as the group containing turtles by Jacob Theodor Klein in 1760, it was first defined in the modern sense by Joyce and colleagues in 2004. Testudinata does not include the primitive stem-turtle ''Odontochelys'', which only had the bottom half of a shell. A recent phylogenetic tree of Testudinata included Angolachelonia and Testudines Turtles are an order of reptiles known as Testudines, characterized by a special shell developed mainly from their ribs. Modern turtles are divided into two major groups, the Pleurodira (side necked turtles) and Cryptodira (hidden necked t ... as sister-taxa and subgroups of Testudinata. Classification The cladogram below follows an analysis by Jérémy Anquetin in 2012. References {{Taxonbar, from=Q16114972 Reptile taxonomy Norian f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Niolamia Argentina
''Niolamia'' is an extinct genus of South American Meiolaniidae, meiolaniid turtle. Arthur Smith Woodward classified it as being in the genus ''Meiolania'', which this genus name is an anagram of, but this was not accepted by later authors. The genus is known from the Sarmiento Formation in Argentina.''Niolamia'' at Fossilworks.org ''Crossochelys'' was found to be a synonym in a review of South American Turtles. 
References Further reading * Turtles, Tortoises and Terrapins: Survivors in Armor by Ronald Orenstein (Pg. 43) * Wildlife of Gondwana: Dinosaurs and Other Verteb ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meiolaniidae
Meiolaniidae is an extinct family of large, probably herbivorous stem-group turtles with heavily armored heads and tails known from South America and Australasia. Though once believed to be cryptodires, they are not closely related to any living species of turtle, and lie outside crown group Testudines, having diverged from them around the Middle Jurassic. They are best known from the last surviving genus, ''Meiolania'', which lived in the rain forests of Australia from the Miocene until the Pleistocene, and insular species that lived on Lord Howe Island and New Caledonia during the Pleistocene and possibly the Holocene for the latter. Meiolaniids are part of the broader grouping of Meiolaniformes, which contains more primitive turtles species lacking the distinctive morphology of meiolaniids, known from the Early Cretaceous-Paleocene of South America and Australia. A similar form is also known from the Miocene Saint Bathans fauna of New Zealand. Meiolaniids reached total lengt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kallokibotion Bajazidi
''Kallokibotion'' is an extinct genus of stem-turtle from the Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian, 86–66 million years ago), known from fossils found in Romania. One species is known, ''Kallokibotion bajazidi'', which was named by Franz Nopcsa after his lover Bajazid Doda. It literally means beautiful box of Bajazid'''; Nopcsa chose the name because, in the words of British palaeontologist Gareth Dyke, "the shape of the shell reminded him of Bajazid's arse". A second undescribed species is known from the Santonian of Hungary. Description ''Kallokibotion'' reached in carapace length. There are jagged ornaments on its shell. Taxonomy A fossil of this turtle was mistakenly described as a pterosaur of the genus ''Thalassodromeus'' in 2014. In 1992, it was identified as a basal cryptodire, and as a meiolaniid in the early 2010's. Later phylogenetic analysis based on characters described from new specimens places ''Kallokibotion'' as the sister taxon of the crown testudines. A 2021 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Testudines
Turtles are an order (biology), order of reptiles known as Testudines, characterized by a special turtle shell, shell developed mainly from their ribs. Modern turtles are divided into two major groups, the Pleurodira (side necked turtles) and Cryptodira (hidden necked turtles), which differ in the way the head retracts. There are 360 living and recently extinct species of turtles, including land-dwelling tortoises and freshwater terrapins. They are found on most continents, some islands and, in the case of sea turtles, much of the ocean. Like other Amniote, amniotes (reptiles, birds, and mammals) they breathe air and do not lay eggs underwater, although many species live in or around water. Turtle shells are made mostly of bone; the upper part is the domed Turtle shell#Carapace, carapace, while the underside is the flatter plastron or belly-plate. Its outer surface is covered in scale (anatomy), scales made of keratin, the material of hair, horns, and claws. The carapace bon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eileanchelys Waldmani
''Eileanchelys'' is an extinct genus of primitive turtle from the Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) period some 164 million years ago of Britain. Only one species is recorded, ''Eileanchelys waldmani''. It is the best-represented turtle from the Middle Jurassic, because of the amount of specimens that can be assigned to it. The turtle is also one of the oldest turtles ever found to be aquatic, and might represent a milestone in turtle evolution. Discovery and naming In 2009, two specimens from the National Museums of Scotland, Edinburgh, including NMS G 2004.31.15 and NMS G 2004.31.16a–f, were found to differ from other turtles from the area and age. It was decided that they represented a new genus and species, and were named ''Eileanchelys waldmani'' by Jérémy Anquetin and his colleagues. The specimen NMS G 2004.31.15 was designated as the holotype, and NMS G 2004.31.16a-f, the paratypes. NMS G 2004.31.16 includes at least five, and possibly six, different individuals, all in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
