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Chrysomelinae
The Chrysomelinae are a subfamily of leaf beetles (Chrysomelidae), commonly known as broad-bodied leaf beetles or broad-shouldered leaf beetles. It includes some 3,000 species around the world. The best-known member is the notorious Colorado potato beetle (''Leptinotarsa decemlineata''), an important agricultural pest. Description Adults of Chrysomelinae are beetles with the following features: antennae inserted on or adjacent to anterior edge of head; inner face of each mandible with large membranous prostheca; each wing with only one anal cell (sometimes the wings are reduced or absent); metendosternite lateral arms without lobes; femora without internal spring sclerite; tibial spurs absent; tarsi without bifid setae; stridulatory mechanism absent; male aedeagus without tegminal ring and the testes not fused within a common membrane; female kotpresse absent. Text was copied from this source, which is available under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chrysolina Fastuosa
''Chrysolina fastuosa'', also known as the dead-nettle leaf beetle, is a species of beetle from a family of leaf beetle, Chrysomelidae found in Europe, Caucasus and northern Turkey. Description The species has a length ranging from . ''C. fastuosa'' has a gold shine that transitions to a green or violet-blue longitudinal stripe near the shoulder band of the elytra as well as near the suture. Occasionally, specimen of ''C. fastuosa'' may be completely green or black in colour. Ecology Adults and larvae of ''C. fastuosa'' feed on various plants in the family Lamiaceae, including hemp-nettle (''Galeopsis'') and dead-nettle (''Lamium''). It is also known from common nettle (''Urtica dioica''), which is in family Urticaceae. Adults and larvae graze on leaves, while larvae may also be found in fruiting Sepal, calyxes. Larvae are parasitised by the Tachinidae, tachinid fly ''Macquartia grisea''. References External links * Beetles described in 1763 Chrysomelinae Articles c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plagiodera
''Plagiodera'' is a genus of Chrysomelinae (a subfamily of leaf beetles). Selected species * ''Plagiodera arizonae'' Crotch, 1873 * ''Plagiodera cajennensis'' Fabricius, 1798 * ''Plagiodera californica'' (Rogers, 1856) * ''Plagiodera septemvittata'' Stal, 1858 * ''Plagiodera thymaloides'' Stål, 1860 * '' Plagiodera versicolora'' (Laicharting, 1781) i c g b (imported willow leaf beetle) Data sources: i = ITIS, c = Catalogue of Life, g = GBIF, b = Bugguide.net References Chrysomelidae genera Chrysomelinae Taxa named by Louis Alexandre Auguste Chevrolat {{Chrysomelinae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Platyphora
''Platyphora'' is a genus of broad-shouldered leaf beetles belonging to the family Chrysomelidae. These tropical insects usually have bright warning coloration (aposematism) and a chemical protection against predators. The toxins are secondary metabolites collected from the host plants they eat, mainly Boraginaceae, Asteraceae, Asclepiadaceae, Convolvulaceae, Solanaceae and Apocynaceae Apocynaceae (from ''Apocynum'', Greek for "dog-away") is a family of flowering plants that includes trees, shrubs, herbs, stem succulents, and vines, commonly known as the dogbane family, because some taxa were used as dog poison Members of .... Selected species * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * References * Olckers, T. Biology and physiological host range of four species of Platyphora Gistel (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) associated with Solanum mauritianum Scop. (Solanaceae) in South America / The Coleopterists Bulletin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Colorado Potato Beetle
The Colorado potato beetle (''Leptinotarsa decemlineata''), also known as the Colorado beetle, the ten-striped spearman, the ten-lined potato beetle, or the potato bug, is a major pest of potato crops. It is about long, with a bright yellow/orange body and five bold brown stripes along the length of each of its elytra. Native to the Rocky Mountains, it spread rapidly in potato crops across America and then Europe from 1859 onwards. Taxonomy The Colorado potato beetle was first observed in 1811 by Thomas Nuttall and was formally described in 1824 by American entomologist Thomas Say.see pp. 453–454: "Doryphora, Illig.: D. 10-lineata"./ref> The beetles were collected in the Rocky Mountains, where they were feeding on the buffalo bur, '' Solanum rostratum''. The genus ''Leptinotarsa'' is assigned to the chrysolmelid beetle tribe Chrysomelini (in subfamily Chrysomelinae). Description Adult beetles typically are in length and in width. They weigh 50-170 mg. The beetles ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zygogramma Appendiculata
''Zygogramma'' is a large genus of leaf beetles in the subfamily Chrysomelinae, which includes approximately 100 species. 13 species occur north of Mexico. Adults and larvae are herbivorous on various host plants. '' Zygogramma exclamationis'' is a pest species of sunflower crops in North America. At least two species have also been used as a form of biological pest control: '' Zygogramma bicolorata'' was introduced to India as a biocontrol agent for the weed ''Parthenium hysterophorus'', and '' Zygogramma suturalis'' was introduced to Russia as a control for ''Ambrosia artemisiifolia ''Ambrosia artemisiifolia'', with the common names common ragweed, annual ragweed, and low ragweed, is a species of the genus '' Ambrosia'' native to regions of the Americas. Taxonomy The species name, ''artemisiifolia'', is given because the le ...'' (common ragweed). Selected species *'' Zygogramma arizonica'' Schaeffer, 1906 *'' Zygogramma bicolorata'' Pallister, 1953 *'' Zygogramma conjun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Timarchini
''Timarcha'' is a genus of leaf beetles in the family Chrysomelidae, with more than 100 described species in three subgenera. The most widely known species is ''T. tenebricosa'', the bloody-nosed beetle. All species are black, wingless organisms. ''Timarcha'' are herbivorous species, living mostly on plants belonging to Rubiaceae and Plumbaginaceae, although a few can feed on Brassicaceae and Rosaceae. ''Timarcha'' is the only member of the tribe Timarchini. Species These 20 species belong to the genus ''Timarcha'': * '' Timarcha affinis'' Laboissière, 1937 * '' Timarcha cerdo'' Stål, 1863 * '' Timarcha cornuta'' Bechyné, 1944 * '' Timarcha cyanescens'' Fairmaire, 1862 * '' Timarcha coarcticollis'' Fairmaire, 1873 * '' Timarcha daillei'' Laboissière, 1939 * '' Timarcha goettingensis'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * '' Timarcha insparsa'' * '' Timarcha interstitialis'' Fairmaire, 1862 * '' Timarcha intricata'' Haldeman, 1853 * '' Timarcha italica'' Herrich-Schäffer, 1838 * '' Timarcha lu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chrysomelini
Chrysomelini is a tribe of leaf beetles in the family Chrysomelidae. There are over 150 described genera in Chrysomelini, variously arranged into subtribes, though the exact number and constituency of these subtribes is a source of ongoing debate.Petitpierre, E. (2011) Cytogenetics, cytotaxonomy and chromosomal evolution of Chrysomelinae revisited (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). In: Jolivet, P., Santiago-Blay, J. & Schmitt, M. (eds.) Research on Chrysomelidae 3. ZooKeys 157: 67–79. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.157.1339 Selected genera * '' Cadiz'' Andrews & Gilbert, 1992 * '' Calligrapha'' Chevrolat, 1836 * '' Chrysolina'' Motschulsky, 1860 * '' Chrysomela'' Linnaeus, 1758 * ''Doryphora'' Illiger, 1807 * '' Entomoscelis'' Chevrolat, 1836 * '' Gastrophysa'' Chevrolat, 1836 * '' Gonioctena'' Chevrolat, 1836 * '' Labidomera'' Chevrolat, 1836 * ''Leptinotarsa'' Chevrolat, 1836 * '' Microtheca'' Stål, 1860 * '' Paropsisterna'' Motschulsky, 1860 * '' Phaedon'' Latreille, 1829 * '' Phratora'' Che ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leaf Beetle
The insects of the beetle family Chrysomelidae are commonly known as leaf beetles, and include over 37,000 (and probably at least 50,000) species in more than 2,500 genera, making up one of the largest and most commonly encountered of all beetle families. Numerous subfamilies are recognized, but the precise taxonomy and systematics are likely to change with ongoing research. Leaf beetles are partially recognizable by their tarsal formula, which appears to be 4-4-4, but is actually 5-5-5 as the fourth tarsal segment is very small and hidden by the third. As with many taxa, no single character defines the Chrysomelidae; instead, the family is delineated by a set of characters. Some lineages are only distinguished with difficulty from longhorn beetles (family Cerambycidae), namely by the antennae not arising from frontal tubercles. Adult and larval leaf beetles feed on all sorts of plant tissue, and all species are fully herbivorous. Many are serious pests of cultivated plants, f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trichome
Trichomes (); ) are fine outgrowths or appendages on plants, algae, lichens, and certain protists. They are of diverse structure and function. Examples are hairs, glandular hairs, scales, and papillae. A covering of any kind of hair on a plant is an indumentum, and the surface bearing them is said to be pubescent. Algal trichomes Certain, usually filamentous, algae have the terminal cell produced into an elongate hair-like structure called a trichome. The same term is applied to such structures in some cyanobacteria, such as '' Spirulina'' and ''Oscillatoria''. The trichomes of cyanobacteria may be unsheathed, as in ''Oscillatoria'', or sheathed, as in ''Calothrix''. These structures play an important role in preventing soil erosion, particularly in cold desert climates. The filamentous sheaths form a persistent sticky network that helps maintain soil structure. Plant trichomes Plant trichomes have many different features that vary between both species of plants an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anti-predator Adaptation
Anti-predator adaptations are mechanisms developed through evolution that assist prey organisms in their constant struggle against predators. Throughout the animal kingdom, adaptations have evolved for every stage of this struggle, namely by avoiding detection, warding off attack, fighting back, or escaping when caught. The first line of defence consists in avoiding detection, through mechanisms such as camouflage, masquerade, apostatic selection, living underground, or nocturnality. Alternatively, prey animals may ward off attack, whether by advertising the presence of strong defences in aposematism, by mimicking animals which do possess such defences, by startling the attacker, by signalling to the predator that pursuit is not worthwhile, by distraction, by using defensive structures such as spines, and by living in a group. Members of groups are at reduced risk of predation, despite the increased conspicuousness of a group, through improved vigilance, predator confusio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viviparity
Among animals, viviparity is development of the embryo inside the body of the parent. This is opposed to oviparity which is a reproductive mode in which females lay developing eggs that complete their development and hatch externally from the mother. The term 'viviparity' and its adjective form 'viviparous' derive from the Latin ''vivus'' meaning "living" and ''pario'' meaning "give birth to". Reproductive mode Five modes of reproduction have been differentiated in animals based on relations between zygote and parents. The five include two nonviviparous modes: ovuliparity, with external fertilisation, and oviparity, with internal fertilisation. In the latter, the female lays zygotes as eggs with a large vitellus, yolk; this occurs in all birds, most reptiles, and some fishes. These modes are distinguished from viviparity, which covers all the modes that result in live birth: *Histotrophic viviparity: the zygotes develop in the female's oviducts, but find their nutrients b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ovoviviparity
Ovoviviparity, ovovivipary, ovivipary, or aplacental viviparity is a term used as a "bridging" form of reproduction between egg-laying oviparous and live-bearing viviparous reproduction. Ovoviviparous animals possess embryos that develop inside eggs that remain in the mother's body until they are ready to hatch. The young of some ovoviviparous amphibians, such as ''Limnonectes larvaepartus'', are born as larvae, and undergo further metamorphosis outside the body of the mother. Members of genera ''Nectophrynoides'' and ''Eleutherodactylus'' bear froglets, not only the hatching, but all the most conspicuous metamorphosis, being completed inside the body of the mother before birth. Among insects that depend on opportunistic exploitation of transient food sources, such as many Sarcophagidae and other carrion flies, and species such as many Calliphoridae, that rely on fresh dung, and parasitoids such as tachinid flies that depend on entering the host as soon as possible, the e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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