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Chroniosuchians
Chroniosuchia is a group of tetrapods that lived from the Middle Permian to Late Triassic in what is now Eastern Europe, Kyrgyzstan, China and Germany. Chroniosuchians are often thought to be reptiliomorphs, but some recent phylogenetic analyses suggest instead that they are stem-tetrapods. They were all rather short limbed with a strong tail and elongated snout, somewhat resembling modern crocodiles. The group is traditionally considered to be a suborder or order of labyrinthodonts. Chroniosuchians likely had ecological niches as riverside predators, and may have been outcompeted by semiaquatic true reptiles such as phytosaurs in the late Triassic. Most forms bore a heavy armour of scutes along the back, possibly for protection against land born predators like therapsids, or to strengthen the axial skeleton for terrestrial locomotion. Indeed, femoral microanatomy of ''Chroniosaurus'' suggests that it was amphibious to terrestrial. Description The most distinguishing features of c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chroniosaurus
''Chroniosaurus'' is an extinct genus of chroniosuchid reptiliomorph from upper Permian (upper Tatarian age) deposits of Novgorod, Orenburg and Vologda Regions, Russia. It was first named by Tverdokhlebova in 1972 Within the context of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) it was the longest year ever, as two leap seconds were added during this 366-day year, an event which has not since been repeated. (If its start and end are defined using mean solar tim ... and the type species is ''Chroniosaurus dongusensis''. References Chroniosuchians Permian tetrapods Fossils of Russia {{paleo-amphibian-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bystrowiana
''Bystrowiana'' is an extinct genus of bystrowianid chroniosuchian from upper Permian deposits of Vladimir Region, Russia and Jiyuan, China. Chroniosuchians are often thought to be reptiliomorphs, but some recent phylogenetic analyses suggest instead that they are stem-tetrapods. The genus is named in honour of Dr. Alexey Bystrow, who was a Russian paleontologist. It was first named by Vyushkov in 1957 1957 ( MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1957th year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 957th year of the 2nd millennium, the 57th year of the 20th century, and the 8th year ... and the type species is ''Bystrowiana permira''. Two species—''B. permira'' and ''B. sinica''—are known. ''Bystrowiana'' is known from a 30 cm skull, which suggests it was a large animal, up to 2.5 m (8.2 ft) in total body length.http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/seymouria/message/251 References Ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Axitectum
''Axitectum'' is an extinct genus of bystrowianid reptiliomorph from lower Triassic deposits of Nizhni Novgorod and Kirov Regions, Russia. It was a rather large animal judging by the size of its vertebrae. The back was covered in bands of highly ornamented osteoderm plates, similar to those found in modern crocodiles. The bands overlapped with the next band at the posterior end. Michael J. Benton, Mikhail A. Shishkin and David M. Unwin (2003): The Age of Dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK.Relevant pagefrom google books It was first named by M.A. Shishkin and I.V. Novikov in 1992 and the type species is ''Axitectum vjushkovi''. ''A. vjushkovi'' is known from the holotype PIN 1025/334, which consists of armor scute. It was found in the Vokhminskaya Formation of the Vokhmin Horizon and named in honour of Vyushkov, who was a Russian paleontologist. A second species, ''A. georgi'', was named by I.V. Novikov and M.A. Shishkin in 2000 File:2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dromotectum
''Dromotectum'' is an extinct genus of bystrowianid reptiliomorph from the Late Permian of China and Early Triassic of Russia. Two species have been named: the type species ''D. spinosum'' and the species ''D. largum''. ''D. spinosum'', the first species to be named, comes from Lower Triassic deposits in the Samara Region of European Russia and is known from the holotype PIN 2424/23, which consists of armor scutes, and from PIN 2424/65, 4495/14 and 2252/397. It was found in the Staritskaya Formation of the Rybinskin Horizon and named by I.V. Novikov and M.A. Shishkin in 2000. The generic name means “corridor with hipped vault” (''dromos'' in Greek) + “roof” (''tecton''), and the specific name means “spinous” (''spinosum'' in Latin). A second species, ''D. largum'', was named by Liu Jun, Xu Li, Jia Song-Hai, Pu Han-Yong, and Liu Xiao-Ling in 2014 from the Shangshihezi Formation near Jiyuan in Henan Henan (; or ; ; alternatively Honan) is a landlocked provi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bystrowiella
''Bystrowiella'' is an extinct genus of bystrowianid reptiliomorph from upper Middle Triassic (Ladinian age) deposits of Kupferzell and Vellberg, northern Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It was first named by Florian Witzmann, Rainer R. Schoch and Michael W. Maisch in 2008, from a complete osteoderm fused with tip of neural spine (SMNS 91034, the holotype), partial osteoderms (SMNS 91036, 91037) and vertebrae (SMNS 81698, 81871–81874, 81876, 81877, 81879). The type species is ''Bystrowiella schumanni''. The genus is named in honour of Dr. Alexey Bystrow Alexey Petrovich Bystrow, sometimes spelled Alexey Petrovich Bystrov and Aleksei Petrovich Bystrow, (russian: Алексе́й Петро́вич Быстро́в; February 1, 1899 – August 29, 1959) was a Soviet paleontologist, anatomist, ..., a Russian paleontologist and the species in honour of Schumann family. ''Bystrowiella''s closest relative was '' Synesuchus''. References Triassic tetrapods of Europe Chron ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suchonica
''Suchonica'' is an extinct genus of chroniosuchid reptiliomorph from upper Permian (upper Tatarian age) deposits of Sukhona Formation of Vologda Region, Russia. It was first named by V. K. Golubev in 1999 File:1999 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The funeral procession of King Hussein of Jordan in Amman; the 1999 İzmit earthquake kills over 17,000 people in Turkey; the Columbine High School massacre, one of the first major school shootin ..., from the anterior armor scute (PIN, no. 4611/1). The type species is ''Suchonica vladimiri''. References Permian animals Chroniosuchians Fossil taxa described in 1999 Fossils of Russia {{permian-animal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jiyuanitectum
''Jiyuanitectum'' is an extinct genus of chroniosuchian tetrapod from the Late Permian Shangshihezi Formation of China. It is known from a single bony scute from Jiyuan in Henan province, ascribed to the type species ''Jiyuanitectum flatum'' in 2014. Plate-like scutes, which formed armor-like coverings on the backs of chroniosuchians, are the most commonly found chroniosuchian remains. They are also the most informative when it comes to distinguishing between species due to small variations in scute anatomy between different taxa. For example, a shallow groove along the midline of the scute is unique to ''Jiyuanitectum''. The flatness of the scute is another unusual characteristic, giving it the species name ''flatum''. ''Jiyuanitectum'' shares several features in common with the chroniosuchians '' Synesuchus'' and '' Bystrowiella'', including the upper surface of the scute being covered in ridges that are mostly oriented perpendicular to the midline, and the absence of a bony pro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Intertemporal Bone
The Intertemporal bone is a paired Skull, cranial bone present in Osteichthyes, bony fish and certain extinct amphibian-Evolutionary grade, grade tetrapods. It lies in the rear part of the skull, behind the eyes. Many lineages of four-limbed vertebrates ("tetrapods" in the broad sense) have lost the intertemporal bone. These include ''Acanthostega'', ''Ichthyostega, Icththyostega'', Colosteidae, colosteids (except for a vestigial intertemporal in ''Greererpeton''), Diadectomorpha, diadectomorphs, Lepospondyli, lepospondyls, and amniotes. Lissamphibians (i.e. modern amphibians like frogs, salamanders, and caecilians) also lack an intertemporal. Most Temnospondyli, temnospondyls lack an intertemporal, though several early groups like Edopoidea, edopoids, Dvinosauria, dvinosaurs, and various other basal taxa retain the bone. Tetrapod groups which do possess an intertemporal typically have it contact the parietal bone along its inner edge, the Postfrontal bone, postfrontal and postorbi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tetrapod
Tetrapods (; ) are four-limbed vertebrate animals constituting the superclass Tetrapoda (). It includes extant and extinct amphibians, sauropsids ( reptiles, including dinosaurs and therefore birds) and synapsids (pelycosaurs, extinct therapsids and all extant mammals). Tetrapods evolved from a clade of primitive semiaquatic animals known as the Tetrapodomorpha which, in turn, evolved from ancient lobe-finned fish (sarcopterygians) around 390 million years ago in the Middle Devonian period; their forms were transitional between lobe-finned fishes and true four-limbed tetrapods. Limbed vertebrates (tetrapods in the broad sense of the word) are first known from Middle Devonian trackways, and body fossils became common near the end of the Late Devonian but these were all aquatic. The first crown-tetrapods (last common ancestors of extant tetrapods capable of terrestrial locomotion) appeared by the very early Carboniferous, 350 million years ago. The specific aquatic ancestors ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Middle Permian
The Guadalupian is the second and middle series/epoch of the Permian. The Guadalupian was preceded by the Cisuralian and followed by the Lopingian. It is named after the Guadalupe Mountains of New Mexico and Texas, and dates between 272.95 ± 0.5 – 259.1 ± 0.4 Mya. The series saw the rise of the therapsids, a minor extinction event called Olson's Extinction and a significant mass extinction called the end-Capitanian extinction event. The Guadalupian was previously known as the Middle Permian. Name and background The Guadalupian is the second and middle series or epoch of the Permian. Previously called Middle Permian, the name of this epoch is part of a revision of Permian stratigraphy for standard global correlation. The name "Guadalupian" was first proposed in the early 1900s, and approved by the International Subcommission on Permian Stratigraphy in 1996. References to the Middle Permian still exist. The Guadalupian was preceded by the Cisuralian and followed by the Lop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Late Triassic
The Late Triassic is the third and final epoch (geology), epoch of the Triassic geologic time scale, Period in the geologic time scale, spanning the time between annum, Ma and Ma (million years ago). It is preceded by the Middle Triassic Epoch and followed by the Early Jurassic Epoch. The corresponding series (stratigraphy), series of rock beds is known as the Upper Triassic. The Late Triassic is divided into the Carnian, Norian and Rhaetian Geologic time scale, Ages. Many of the first dinosaurs evolved during the Late Triassic, including ''Plateosaurus'', ''Coelophysis'', and ''Eoraptor''. The Triassic–Jurassic extinction event began during this epoch and is one of the five major mass extinction events of the Earth. Etymology The Triassic was named in 1834 by Friedrich August von Namoh, Friedrich von Alberti, after a succession of three distinct rock layers (Greek meaning 'triad') that are widespread in southern Germany: the lower Buntsandstein (colourful sandstone'')'', t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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