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Christina Of Lorraine
Christina of Lorraine or Christine de Lorraine (16 August 1565 – 19 December 1637) was a member of the House of Lorraine and was the Grand Duchess of Tuscany by marriage. She served as Regent of Tuscany jointly with her daughter-in-law during the minority of her grandson from 1621 to 1628. Princess of Lorraine Born Christine de Lorraine in Nancy, she was the daughter of Charles III of Lorraine and his wife Claude of Valois, and granddaughter of Catherine de' Medici. She was named after her paternal grandmother, Christina of Denmark. Grand Duchess of Tuscany In 1587 Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany died without a legitimate male heir; his brother Ferdinando immediately declared himself the third Grand Duke of Tuscany. Seeking a marriage that would preserve his political independence, Ferdinando chose his distant cousin, Christine of Lorraine, the favourite granddaughter of Catherine de' Medici, Queen of France. Catherine had influenced her towards this marriag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Tuscan Consorts
The Grand Duchy of Tuscany was founded in 1569. It succeeded the Duchy of Florence. The grand duchy was initially ruled by the House of Medici, until their extinction in 1737. The grand duchy passed to the House of Lorraine, and then, to its cadet branch, the House of Habsburg-Lorraine. The House of Habsburg Lorraine ruled Tuscany from 1765 to 1801, and then 1814 to 1859. A reigning grand duchess was styled: *(1569–1691) ''Her Highness'' The Grand Duchess of Tuscany *(1691–1737) '' Her Royal Highness'' The Most Serene Grand Duchess of Tuscany *(1737–1765) '' Her Imperial Majesty'' Holy Roman Empress, the Queen of Hungary and Bohemia, the Archduchess of Austria, the Most Serene Grand Duchess of Tuscany, etc.Maria Theresa of Austria was ''suo jure'' Queen of Hungary, Queen of Bohemia, Archduchess of Austria, and, as the consort of Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor, she was Holy Roman Empress *(1765–1804) ''Her Royal Highness'' The Most Serene Grand Duchess of Tuscany, Archduchess ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grand Duchess Of Tuscany
The Grand Duchy of Tuscany was founded in 1569. It succeeded the Duchy of Florence. The grand duchy was initially ruled by the House of Medici, until their extinction in 1737. The grand duchy passed to the House of Lorraine, and then, to its cadet branch, the House of Habsburg-Lorraine. The House of Habsburg Lorraine ruled Tuscany from 1765 to 1801, and then 1814 to 1859. A reigning grand duchess was styled: *(1569–1691) ''Her Highness'' The Grand Duchess of Tuscany *(1691–1737) '' Her Royal Highness'' The Most Serene Grand Duchess of Tuscany *(1737–1765) '' Her Imperial Majesty'' Holy Roman Empress, the Queen of Hungary and Bohemia, the Archduchess of Austria, the Most Serene Grand Duchess of Tuscany, etc.Maria Theresa of Austria was ''suo jure'' Queen of Hungary, Queen of Bohemia, Archduchess of Austria, and, as the consort of Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor, she was Holy Roman Empress *(1765–1804) ''Her Royal Highness'' The Most Serene Grand Duchess of Tuscany, Archduchess ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Montecuccoli
The House of Montecuccoli is the name of an Italian noble family, descending from Montecuccoli Castle, Pavullo nel Frignano in the former Duchy of Modena. In later parts of its history, a branch of it became thoroughly Austrian in identity and loyalty, though keeping the Italian name. Notable members *Count Ernesto Montecuccoli (1582-1633), general for the Holy Roman Empire in the Thirty Years' War *Leopold Philip Montecuccoli (1663–1698), Austrian general, Prince of the Holy Roman Empire *Raimondo Montecuccoli (1609–1680), Italian military general in Austrian service *Rudolf Montecuccoli (1843–1922), chief of the Austro-Hungarian Navy *Sebastiano de Montecuccoli Count Sebastiano de Montecuccoli, also spelt Montecucoli or Montecuculli (died 7 October 1536) was an Italian nobleman in the service of Francis I of France, executed for allegedly having poisoned the King's eldest son. Montecuccoli was secretary t ... (died 1536), Italian nobleman in French service See also * ''C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Union Of The Crowns
The Union of the Crowns ( gd, Aonadh nan Crùintean; sco, Union o the Crouns) was the accession of James VI of Scotland to the throne of the Kingdom of England as James I and the practical unification of some functions (such as overseas diplomacy) of the two separate realms under a single individual on 24 March 1603. Whilst a misnomer, therefore, what is popularly known as "The Union of the Crowns" followed the death of James's cousin, Elizabeth I of England, the last monarch of the Tudor dynasty. The union was personal or dynastic, with the Crown of England and the Crown of Scotland remaining both distinct and separate despite James's best efforts to create a new imperial throne. England and Scotland continued as two separate states sharing a monarch, who directed their domestic and foreign policy, along with Ireland, until the Acts of Union of 1707 during the reign of the last Stuart monarch, Anne. However, there was a republican interregnum in the 1650s, during which t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
James VI And I
James VI and I (James Charles Stuart; 19 June 1566 – 27 March 1625) was King of Scotland as James VI from 24 July 1567 and King of England and Ireland as James I from the union of the Scottish and English crowns on 24 March 1603 until his death in 1625. The kingdoms of Scotland and England were individual sovereign states, with their own parliaments, judiciaries, and laws, though both were ruled by James in personal union. James was the son of Mary, Queen of Scots, and a great-great-grandson of Henry VII, King of England and Lord of Ireland, and thus a potential successor to all three thrones. He succeeded to the Scottish throne at the age of thirteen months, after his mother was compelled to abdicate in his favour. Four different regents governed during his minority, which ended officially in 1578, though he did not gain full control of his government until 1583. In 1603, he succeeded Elizabeth I, the last Tudor monarch of England and Ireland, who died childless. He ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anne Of Denmark
Anne of Denmark (; 12 December 1574 – 2 March 1619) was the wife of King James VI and I; as such, she was Queen of Scotland The monarchy of the United Kingdom, commonly referred to as the British monarchy, is the constitutional form of government by which a hereditary sovereign reigns as the head of state of the United Kingdom, the Crown Dependencies (the Bailiw ... from their marriage on 20 August 1589 and Queen of England and Ireland from the union of the Scottish and English crowns on 24 March 1603 until her death in 1619. The second daughter of King Frederick II of Denmark and Sophie of Mecklenburg-Güstrow, Anne married James at age 14. They had three children who survived infancy: Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales, who predeceased his parents; Elizabeth Stuart, Queen of Bohemia, Princess Elizabeth, who became Queen of Bohemia; and James's future successor, Charles I of England, Charles I. Anne demonstrated an independent streak and a willingness to use fa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Camillo Pagni
Camillo is an Italian masculine given name, descended from Latin Camillus. Its Slavic cognate is Kamil. People with the name include: *Camillo Agrippa, Italian Renaissance fencer, architect, engineer and mathematician *Camillo Almici (1714–1779), Italian priest, theologian and literary critic *Camillo Astalli (1616–1663), Italian cardinal *Camillo Benso, conte di Cavour (1810–1861), a leading figure in the movement toward Italian unification, founder of the original Italian Liberal Party and Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia *Camillo Berlinghieri (1590 or 1605–1635), Italian painter *Camillo Berneri (1897–1937), Italian professor of philosophy, anarchist militant, propagandist and theorist * Camillo Boccaccino (c. 1504–1546), Italian painter *Camillo Boito (1836–1914), Italian architect, engineer, art critic, art historian and novelist *Camillo Borghese (1550–1621), Pope Paul V, the Pope who persecuted Galileo Galilei *Camillo Borghese, 6th Prince ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gregorio Pagani
Gregorio Pagani (14 July 1559 – 1605) was an Italian painter of the late 16th century, active mainly in Florence. He was the son of the painter Francesco Pagani, then became a pupil of Santi di Tito, then entered the studio of Ludovico Cigoli. He painted the ''St. Helena finding the Cross'' for Santa Maria del Carmine, which was lost in the fire at the church in 1771. He painted a ''Nativity'' for the cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore. Among his pupils were Cristofano Allori and Matteo Rosselli. References * Selected works * ''Confirmation of the Rule of Saint Dominic'' * ''Meeting between SS Dominic and Francis'' * ''Finding of the True Cross'' * ''Crucifixion and Saints'' * ''Saint Lawrence'' * ''Assumption of the Virgin'', San Michele à Montevettolini church, Monsummano Terme * ''Adoration of the Magi'' * ''Descent of the Holy Spirit'' * ''Tobias Restoring the Sight of his Father'' * ''Virgin and Child with SS Michael the Archangel and Benedict'' * '' Piramus and Thisbe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Santi Di Tito
Santi di Tito (5 December 1536 – 25 July 1603) was one of the most influential and leading Italian painters of the proto-Baroque style – what is sometimes referred to as "Counter-Maniera" or Counter-Mannerism. Biography He was born in Florence, then its own city-state. There is little documentation to support the alleged training under Bronzino or Baccio Bandinelli. From 1558 to 1564, he worked in Rome on frescoes in Palazzo Salviati and the Sala Grande of the Belvedere (''Homage of the People'') alongside Giovanni de' Vecchi and Niccolò Circignani. He acquired a classical trait, described as ''Raphaelesque'' by S. J. Freedberg. This style contrasted with the reigning ornate Roman painterliness of Federico and Taddeo Zuccari or their Florentine equivalents: Vasari, Alessandro Allori, and Bronzino. After returning to Florence in 1564, he joined the Accademia del Disegno. He contributed two conventionally Mannerist paintings for the Duke's study and laboratory, the Stud ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grand Duke Of Tuscany
The rulers of Tuscany varied over time, sometimes being margraves, the rulers of handfuls of border counties and sometimes the heads of the most important family of the region. Margraves of Tuscany, 812–1197 House of Boniface :These were originally counts of Lucca who extended their power over the neighbouring counties. *Boniface I, Margrave of Tuscany, Boniface I, 812–823 *Boniface II, Margrave of Tuscany, Boniface II, 828–834 *Aganus of Tuscany, Aganus, 835–845 *Adalbert I of Tuscany, Adalbert I, 847–886 *Adalbert II of Tuscany, Adalbert II the Rich, 886–915 *Guy of Tuscany, Guy, 915–929 *Lambert of Tuscany, Lambert, 929–931 House of Boso :These were the (mostly illegitimate) relatives of Hugh of Arles, King of Italy, whom he appointed to their post after removing the dynasty of Boniface *Boso of Tuscany, Boso, 931–936 *Humbert of Tuscany, Humbert, 936–961 *Hugh of Tuscany, Hugh the Great, 961–1001 House of Hucpold *Boniface, Count of Bologna, Boniface (I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ferdinand I Of Tuscany
Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (30 July 1549 – 3 February 1609) was Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1587 to 1609, having succeeded his older brother Francesco I. Early life Ferdinando was the fifth son (the third surviving at the time of his birth) of Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and Eleanor of Toledo, the daughter of Pedro Álvarez de Toledo, Marquis of Villafranca, the Spanish viceroy of the Kingdom of Naples. He was made a Cardinal in 1562 at the age of 14, but was never ordained into the priesthood. At Rome, he proved an able administrator. He founded the Villa Medici in Rome and acquired many works of art (including the ''Medici lions''), which he then brought back to Florence with him. Grand Duke When his brother Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, died in 1587, Ferdinando succeeded as grand duke at the age of 38. In many ways, Ferdinando was the opposite of his brother who preceded him. Approachable and generous, he set out to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Francesco I De' Medici, Grand Duke Of Tuscany
Francesco I (25 March 1541 – 19 October 1587) was the second Grand Duke of Tuscany, ruling from 1574 until his death in 1587. He was a member of the House of Medici. Biography Born in Florence, Francesco was the son of Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and Eleanor of Toledo. He served as regent for his father Cosimo after he retired from his governing duties in 1564. Marriage to Joanna of Austria On 18 December 1565, Francesco married Joanna of Austria, youngest daughter of Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand I and his wife Anne of Bohemia and Hungary. By all reports, it was not a happy marriage. Joanna was homesick for her native Austria, and Francesco was neither charming nor faithful. In 1578, Joanna died at the age of thirty-one, after falling down a flight of stairs while pregnant with their eighth child. Bianca Cappello Soon after Grand Duchess Joanna had died, Francesco went on to marry his Venetian mistress, Bianca Cappello, after aptly disposing of her ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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