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Chouf Massacres
Mainly between March 16, 1977 and March 30, 1977 (with other attacks occurring in mid-August) a series of massacres on Christian civilians took place in the Chouf region during the Lebanese Civil War. The massacres were mostly committed by Druze gunmen of the People's Liberation Army after the assassination of Druze leader Kamal Jumblatt. Many victims were mutilated and women were reportedly sexually abused. Background Long-standing enemies since the 1860s, the Druze have always been at odds with the Maronites, and acts of barbarism on both sides have bedevilled their ability to co-exist for centuries past. On 16 March 1977, the PSP leader Kamal Jumblatt was ambushed and killed in his car near Baakline in the Chouf by unidentified gunmen (allegedly, fighters from the pro-Syrian faction of the Syrian Social Nationalist Party, acting in collusion with the Syrian military commander of the Mount Lebanon region, Colonel Ibrahim Houeijy);Rabinovich, ''The War for Lebanon'' (1989), p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chouf District
Chouf (also spelled Shouf, Shuf or Chuf, in ''Jabal ash-Shouf''; french: La Montagne du Chouf) is a historic region of Lebanon, as well as an administrative district in the governorate (muhafazat) of Mount Lebanon. Geography Located south-east of Beirut, the region comprises a narrow coastal strip notable for the Christian town of Damour, and the valleys and mountains of the western slopes of Jabal Barouk, the name of the local Mount Lebanon massif, on which the largest forest of Cedars of Lebanon is found. The mountains are high enough to receive snow. History The Emirs of Lebanon used to have their residence in Chouf, most notably Druze Emir Fakhr al-Din II, who attained considerable power and acted with significant autonomy from the Ottoman Empire in the 17th century. He is often referred to as the founder of modern Lebanon, although his area of influence and later control included parts of current Israel and Syria. Other emirs include the more controversial Bachir Chehab I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Syrian Army
" (''Guardians of the Homeland'') , colors = * Service uniform: Khaki, Olive * Combat uniform: Green, Black, Khaki , anniversaries = August 1st , equipment = , equipment_label = , battles = 1948 Arab–Israeli War Six-Day War War of Attrition Black September Yom Kippur War Lebanese Civil War 1982 Lebanon War Islamist uprising in Syria Mountain War (Lebanon) Operation Desert Storm Syrian Civil War , decorations = , battle_honours = , battle_honours_label = , disbanded = , website = , commander1 = Marshal Bashar al-Assad , commander1_label =President of Syria , commander2 = Gen. Ali Mahmoud Abbas , commander2_label = Minister of Defense , commander3 = Gen. Abdul Karim Mahmoud Ibrahim , commander3_label = Chief of the General Staff , notable_commanders = , identification_symbol = , identification_symbol_label = , identification_symbol_2 = , identification_symbol_2_label = The Syrian Army, officially the Syrian Arab Army (SAA) ( a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ain Zhalta
Ain Zhalta (Arabic: عين زحلتا) is a village in the Chouf District of Mount Lebanon Governorate in southwestern Lebanon. The Battle of Ain Zhalta was held here in June 1982 with Syria. Masser Al-Chouf, Barouk, and Ain Zhalta– Bmohary form a biosphere reserve, protected by UNESCO in June 2005. Notable people * Cyril IX Moghabghab (1855–1947), Patriarch of the Melkite Greek Catholic Church from 1925 to 1947. * Naim Moghabghab Naim Moghabghab (Arabic: نـعـيـم مـغـبـغـب) (January 11, 1911 – July 27, 1959) was a Lebanese political leader and an independence hero among Lebanon's Christian population. He founded, along with president Camille Chamoun (in o ... (1918-1959), Member of Parliament (1953- Reelected 1957), Minister of Public Works. (1955-1956): Renovated & paved all roads in Mount Lebanon; Pumped water to all villages including Aley & Bhamdoon; & helped rebuild houses that had earth roofs. He looked after the welfare of all citizens of a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baadarâne
Baadarâne ( ar, بعدران '), is an area in Chouf, Mont Liban, Lebanon. Baadarane is away from Beirut at an elevation of 1,050 meters . Baadarane is a town with an elevation of 1050m. It is known for the remains in al (Meydan) which is an old building and is located on a mountain so the weather is cold and especially in winter, snow covers the town. Airport The area is home to an abandoned airfield built during the Lebanese Civil War The Lebanese Civil War ( ar, الحرب الأهلية اللبنانية, translit=Al-Ḥarb al-Ahliyyah al-Libnāniyyah) was a multifaceted armed conflict that took place from 1975 to 1990. It resulted in an estimated 120,000 fatalities a ... but never operated as active aerodrome. The concrete runway is the only visible infrastructure. References Populated places in Chouf District {{Lebanon-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lebanese National Movement
The Lebanese National Movement (LNM) ( ar, الحركة الوطنية اللبنانية, ''Al-Harakat al-Wataniyya al-Lubnaniyya'') or Mouvement National Libanais (MNL) in French, was a front of leftist, pan-Arabist and Syrian nationalist parties and organizations active during the early years of the Lebanese Civil War, which supported the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO). It was headed by Kamal Jumblatt, a prominent Druze leader of the Progressive Socialist Party (PSP). The Vice-President was Inaam Raad, leader of the Syrian Social Nationalist Party in Lebanon, Syrian Social Nationalist Party and Assem Qanso of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Lebanon Region, pro-Syrian Lebanese Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party. The general secretary of the LNM was Mohsen Ibrahim, leader of the Communist Action Organization in Lebanon (CAOL). The LNM was one of two main coalitions during the first rounds of fighting in the Lebanese Civil War, the other being the militias of the mainly C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
St George's Church Attack
The St George's Church attack, also known as the massacre of the Saint George Church, was a massacre of Maronite Christian worshipers in the Lebanese village of Brih in the Chouf mountains which took place on August 21, 1977, during the Lebanese Civil War. Druze leftist gunmen attacked St George's Church during prayers on Sunday with automatic gunfire inside and around the church killing 13 people. Motives The attack was part of a series of massacres of Christians in the Chouf region which was in response following the March 16 assassination of Kamal Jumblatt, founder of the Progressive Socialist Party by the Syrian army and traditional leader of the Druze community. Aftermath Brih's Christian population fled the village. However, current construction projects have taken place to repair abandoned Christian houses with the aim of repopulating the Christian households of Brih. See also *Lebanese Civil War *People's Liberation Army (Lebanon) * Progressive Socialist Party ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brih
Brih, Breeh ( ar, بريح) is a village in the Chouf District in Mount Lebanon region, Lebanon. Brih is located away from Beirut, the capital of Lebanon. It sits at an altitude of above sea level and has an overall surface area of . The word Brih, is of Syro-Aramaic origin it means "The House of the Perfume" where "Bet" which means house or place and "Rih" or "Reeha" means perfume. Access to Brih There are three roads leading to Brih: * Road from East of Lebanon : Beqaa – Maaser El Chouf – Moukhtara – Boqaata – Ain w Zain – Batloun – Kfar Nabrakh – Brih. * Road from North of Lebanon : Beirut – Aley – Bhamdoun – Saoufar – Mdayrij – Ain Dara – Nabeh Safa – Brih. * Road from South of Lebanon : Damour – Deir el Qamar – Maaser Beit Eddin – Fouwara – Brih. Population Brih is a mixed Druze and Christian village. St George's Church attack Druze leftist gunmen attacked St George's Church during prayers on August 21, 1977 with automatic gunfi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Machghara
Machghara ( ar, مشغرة), also spelled Mashghara, is a town in the Beqaa Valley of Lebanon, situated in the Western Beqaa District and south of the Beqaa Governorate. It lies just to the northwest of Sohmor and southwest of Lake Qaraoun, south of Aitanit and north of Ain Et Tine. The Iskander Spring lies to the northeast of the village. Geography The city is located at an average of 1,050 meters above sea level, more than 200 meters above the course of the Litani River. It leans against the eastern slope of the Mount Lebanon massif. Machghara is part of the Western Beqaa District Caza which has 18 localities. People from Machghara *Al-Hurr al-Amili (1624 – 1693) *Zaki Nassif (1918 – 2004) *Salim Ghazal (1931 – 2011) References External linksMachghara Localiban {{Western Beqaa District Populated places in Western Beqaa District Eastern Orthodox Christian communities in Lebanon Melkite Christian communities in Lebanon Shia Muslim communities in Lebanon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kfar Nabrakh
Kfar Nabrakh ( ar, كفر نبرخ ''Kfar Nabrakh'') is a municipality in the Chouf District of Mount Lebanon Governorate, Lebanon. It is located 50 kilometers southeast of Beirut. Kfarnabrakh total land area consists of 941 hectares. Its average elevation is 1,010 meters above sea level. Its inhabitants are religiously mixed, with a Druze majority and a Melkite Christian minority. During the Lebanese Civil War The Lebanese Civil War ( ar, الحرب الأهلية اللبنانية, translit=Al-Ḥarb al-Ahliyyah al-Libnāniyyah) was a multifaceted armed conflict that took place from 1975 to 1990. It resulted in an estimated 120,000 fatalities a ..., 64 residents of the village were killed in the violence. References Populated places in Chouf District Melkite Christian communities in Lebanon Druze communities in Lebanon {{Lebanon-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maaser El-Chouf
A tithe (; from Old English: ''teogoþa'' "tenth") is a one-tenth part of something, paid as a contribution to a religious organization or compulsory tax to government. Today, tithes are normally voluntary and paid in cash or cheques or more recently via online giving, whereas historically tithes were required and paid in kind, such as agricultural produce. After the separation of church and state, church tax linked to the tax system are instead used in many countries to support their national church. Donations to the church beyond what is owed in the tithe, or by those attending a congregation who are not members or adherents, are known as offerings, and often are designated for specific purposes such as a building program, debt retirement, or mission work. Many Christian denominations hold Jesus taught that tithing must be done in conjunction with a deep concern for "justice, mercy and faithfulness" (cf. Matthew 23:23). Tithing was taught at early Christian church councils, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mazraat El-Chouf
Mazraat el-Chouf ( ar, مزرعة الشوف; also spelled Mazra'at al-Shuf) is a municipality in the Chouf District of the Mount Lebanon Governorate in Lebanon. It is located 50 kilometers southeast of Beirut. Its average elevation is 950 meters above sea level and its total land area is 1,359 hectares. Mazraat el-Chouf had 4,330 registered voters in 2010 and the inhabitants are predominantly Druze and Maronites The Maronites ( ar, الموارنة; syr, ܡܖ̈ܘܢܝܐ) are a Christian ethnoreligious group native to the Eastern Mediterranean and Levant region of the Middle East, whose members traditionally belong to the Maronite Church, with the largest .... References Druze communities in Lebanon Populated places in Chouf District {{Lebanon-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
