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Chosen-ciphertext Attack
A chosen-ciphertext attack (CCA) is an attack model for cryptanalysis where the cryptanalyst can gather information by obtaining the decryptions of chosen ciphertexts. From these pieces of information the adversary can attempt to recover the hidden secret key used for decryption. For formal definitions of security against chosen-ciphertext attacks, see for example: Michael Luby and Mihir Bellare et al. Introduction A number of otherwise secure schemes can be defeated under chosen-ciphertext attack. For example, the El Gamal cryptosystem is semantic security, semantically secure under chosen-plaintext attack, but this semantic security can be trivially defeated under a chosen-ciphertext attack. Early versions of RSA (algorithm), RSA padding used in the Secure Sockets Layer, SSL protocol were vulnerable to a sophisticated adaptive chosen-ciphertext attack which revealed SSL session keys. Chosen-ciphertext attacks have implications for some self-synchronizing stream ciphers as wel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Attack Model
In cryptanalysis, attack models or attack types are a classification of cryptographic attacks specifying the kind of access a Cryptanalysis, cryptanalyst has to a system under attack when attempting to "break" an Encryption, encrypted message (also known as ''ciphertext'') generated by the system. The greater the access the cryptanalyst has to the system, the more useful information they can get to utilize for breaking the cypher. In cryptography, a sending party uses a cipher to encryption, encrypt (transform) a secret ''plaintext'' into a ''ciphertext'', which is sent over an insecure communication channel to the receiving party. The receiving party uses an inverse cipher to decryption, decrypt the ciphertext to obtain the plaintext. A secret knowledge is required to apply the inverse cipher to the ciphertext. This secret knowledge is usually a short number or string called a ''cryptographic key, key''. In a cryptographic attack a third party cryptanalyst analyzes the ciphertex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PKCS1
In cryptography, PKCS #1 is the first of a family of standards called PKCS, Public-Key Cryptography Standards (PKCS), published by RSA Laboratories. It provides the basic definitions of and recommendations for implementing the RSA (cryptosystem), RSA algorithm for public-key cryptography. It defines the mathematical properties of public and private keys, primitive operations for encryption and signatures, secure cryptographic schemes, and related Abstract Syntax Notation One, ASN.1 syntax representations. The current version is 2.2 (2012-10-27). Compared to 2.1 (2002-06-14), which was republished as RFC 3447, version 2.2 updates the list of allowed hashing algorithms to align them with FIPS 180-4, therefore adding SHA-224, SHA-512/224 and SHA-512/256. Keys The PKCS #1 standard defines the mathematical definitions and properties that RSA public and private keys must have. The traditional key pair is based on a modulus, , that is the product of two distinct large prime numbers, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phillip Rogaway
Phillip Rogaway is a professor of computer science at the University of California, Davis. He graduated from Beverly Hills High School, and later earned a BA in computer science from UC Berkeley and completed his PhD in cryptography at MIT, in the Theory of Computation group. He has taught at UC Davis since 1994. He was awarded the Paris Kanellakis Award in 2009 and the first Levchin Prize for Real World Cryptography in 2016. Rogaway received an NSF CAREER award in 1996, which the NSA had attempted to prevent by influencing the NSF. He has been interviewed in multiple media outlets regarding his stance on the ethical obligations that cryptographers and computer scientists have to serve to the public good, specifically in the areas of internet privacy and digital surveillance. Rogaway's papers cover topics including: * CMAC * Concrete security * DES and DES-X * Format-preserving encryption * OCB mode * Random oracle model * SEAL * UMAC * Zero-knowledge proofs In cryptogr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
David Pointcheval
David Pointcheval is a French cryptographer. He is currently a Senior Researcher at CNRS. He is head of the Computer Science Department and Cryptography Laboratory at the École normale supérieure. He is mainly known for his contributions in the area of provable security, including the Forking lemma, the Pointcheval-Stern signature algorithm, and his contributions to Password-authenticated key agreement. Biography An alumnus of the École Normale Supérieure, David Pointcheval obtained his Ph.D. in 1996 from the University of Caen Normandy. In 1998, he joined the French National Centre for Scientific Research, working within the Computer Science department of École Normale Supérieure. Since then, his research has focused mostly on asymmetric cryptography and Provable security, of which he was one of the pioneers. He has authored more than 100 international publications, and co-invented a dozen patents. He was awarded a European Research Council Advanced Grant in 2015. In 2021 h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anand Desai
Anand may refer to: People * Anand (name), a surname and given name (including a list of people with the name) * Anand (actor), Indian actor * Anand (Maoist), Indian communist * Anand (writer) (born 1936), Indian Malayalam writer Places * Anand, Gujarat, India, a city * Anand railway station * Anand district, Gujarat, India * Anand (Lok Sabha constituency), Gujarat, India * Anand (Vidhan Sabha constituency), Gujarat, India * Anand, Iran, a village Outer space * 23323 Anand, a main belt asteroid * 9 Andromedae, variable star designation AN And Films * ''Anand'' (1971 film), a Hindi-language film starring Rajesh Khanna and Amitabh Bachchan * ''Anand'' (1986 film), a Kannada-language film starring Shivarajkumar * ''Anand'' (1987 film), a Tamil-language film starring Prabhu Ganeshan * ''Anand'' (2004 film), a Telugu-language film starring Raja and Kamalinee Mukherjee Other uses * Anand Agricultural University, Gujarat, India * Anand Vihar Terminal railway station Anand Vi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Santa Barbara, California
Santa Barbara ( es, Santa Bárbara, meaning "Saint Barbara") is a coastal city in Santa Barbara County, California, of which it is also the county seat. Situated on a south-facing section of coastline, the longest such section on the West Coast of the United States, the city lies between the steeply rising Santa Ynez Mountains and the Pacific Ocean. Santa Barbara's climate is often described as Mediterranean climate, Mediterranean, and the city has been dubbed "The American Riviera". According to the 2020 United States census, U.S. Census, the city's population was 88,665. In addition to being a popular tourist and resort destination, the city has a diverse economy that includes a large service sector, education, technology, health care, finance, agriculture, manufacturing, and local government. In 2004, the service sector accounted for 35% of local employment. Education in particular is well represented, with four institutions of higher learning nearby: the University of Calif ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CRYPTO
Crypto commonly refers to: * Cryptocurrency, a type of digital currency secured by cryptography and decentralization * Cryptography, the practice and study of hiding information Crypto or Krypto may also refer to: Cryptography * Cryptanalysis, the study of methods for obtaining the meaning of encrypted information * CRYPTO (conference), an annual cryptographical and cryptoanalytic conference * Crypto++, a free, open source library of cryptographic algorithms and schemes *'' Crypto: How the Code Rebels Beat the Government—Saving Privacy in the Digital Age'', a book about cryptography by Steven Levy * Crypto AG, a Swiss manufacturer of encrypted communications products Finance * crypto.com, a cryptocurrency online News platform. Biology and medicine * ''Cryptococcus'' (fungus), a genus of fungus that can cause lung disease, meningitis, and other illnesses in humans and animals ** Cryptococcosis (also called cryptococcal disease), a disease caused by ''Cryptococcus'' * ''Cr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Victor Shoup
Victor Shoup is a computer scientist and mathematician. He obtained a PhD in computer science from the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1989, and he did his undergraduate work at the University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire. He is a professor at the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences at New York University, focusing on algorithm and cryptography courses. He is currently a Principal Research Scientist at DFINITY and has held positions at AT&T Bell Labs, the University of Toronto, Saarland University, and the IBM Zurich Research Laboratory. Shoup's main research interests and contributions are computer algorithms relating to number theory, algebra, and cryptography. His contributions to these fields include: * The Cramer–Shoup cryptosystem asymmetric encryption algorithm bears his name. * His freely available (under the terms of the GNU GNU General Public License, GPL) C++ library of number theory algorithms, NTL, is widely used and well regarded for its high performance. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ronald Cramer
Ronald John Fitzgerald Cramer (born 3 February 1968 in Haarlem) is a professor at the Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI) in Amsterdam and the University of Leiden. He obtained his PhD from the University of Amsterdam in 1997. Prior to returning to the Netherlands he was at the University of Aarhus. He is best known for his work with Victor Shoup on chosen ciphertext secure encryption in the standard model, in particular the Cramer–Shoup encryption scheme. Cramer became a member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences The Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences ( nl, Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, abbreviated: KNAW) is an organization dedicated to the advancement of science and literature in the Netherlands. The academy is housed ... in 2013. He is member of the advisory board of the German Center for Advanced Security Research Darmstadt CASED. References External links * * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Cramer, Ronald 1968 births Living ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jonathan Katz (computer Scientist)
Jonathan Katz is a professor in the Department of Computer Science at the University of Maryland who conducts research on cryptography and cybersecurity. In 2019–2020 he was a faculty member in the Volgenau School of Engineering at George Mason University, where he held the title of Eminent Scholar in Cybersecurity. In 2013–2019 he was director of the Maryland Cybersecurity Center at the University of Maryland. Biography Katz received BS degrees in mathematics and chemistry from MIT in 1996, followed by a master's degree in chemistry from Columbia University in 1998. After transferring to the computer science department, he received M.Phil. and PhD degrees in computer science from Columbia University in 2001 and 2002, respectively. Katz's doctoral advisors were Zvi Galil, Moti Yung, and Rafail Ostrovsky. While in graduate school, he worked as a research scientist at Telcordia Technologies (now ACS). Katz was on the faculty in the computer science department of the Univers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
