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Chongzhen
Chongzhen () (5 February 1628 – 25 April 1644) was the era name of the Chongzhen Emperor, the last emperor of the Ming dynasty of China. Chongzhen was also the Ming dynasty's final era name. Comparison table Other eras contemporaneous with Chongzhen * China ** ''Tiancong'' (天聰, 1627–1636): Later Jin — era name of Hong Taiji ** ''Chongde'' (崇德, 1636–1643): Qing dynasty — era name of Hong Taiji ** ''Shunzhi'' (順治, 1644–1661): Qing dynasty — era name of the Shunzhi Emperor ** ''Ruiying'' (瑞應, 1621–1629): Ming period — era name of She Chongming (奢崇明) ** ''Yongxing'' (永興, 1628): Ming period — era name of Zhang Weiyuan (張惟元) ** ''Tianyun'' (天運, 1637): Ming period — era name of Zhang Puwei (張普徽) ** ''Tianding'' (天定, 1644): Ming period — era name of Liu Shoufen (劉守分) ** ''Chongxing'' (重興, 1644): Ming period — era name of Qin Shangxing (秦尚行) ** ''Xingwu'' (興武, 1635–1636): Ming period — era nam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chongzhen Emperor
The Chongzhen Emperor (; 6 February 1611 – 25 April 1644), personal name Zhu Youjian (), courtesy name Deyue (),Wang Yuan (王源)，''Ju ye tang wen ji'' (《居業堂文集》), vol. 19. "聞之張景蔚親見烈皇帝神主題御諱字德約，行五，生於萬曆庚戌十二月二十四日寅時，崩於崇禎甲申三月十九日丑時。" was the 17th and last Emperor of the Ming dynasty. He reigned from 1627 to 1644. "Chongzhen," the era name of his reign, means "honorable and auspicious." Zhu Youjian was son of the Taichang Emperor and younger brother of the Tianqi Emperor, whom he succeeded to the throne in 1627. He battled peasant rebellions and was not able to defend the northern frontier against the Manchu. When rebels under Li Zicheng reached the capital Beijing in 1644, he committed suicide, ending the Ming dynasty. The Manchu formed the succeeding Qing dynasty. In 1645, Zhu Yousong, who had proclaimed himself the Hongguang Emperor of the Southern Ming, gave th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Ming Dynasty Era Names ...
The Ming dynasty was the last unified dynasty founded by the Han ethnicity in Chinese history, which lasted for 276 years. List Southern Ming era names Notes References Citations Sources * * * * * * * See also * Ming dynasty ** Southern Ming ** Kingdom of Tungning * List of Chinese era names {{Ming dynasty topics Ming dynasty Ming The Ming dynasty (), officially the Great Ming, was an Dynasties in Chinese history, imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol Empire, Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Ming dynasty was the last ort ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ming Dynasty
The Ming dynasty (), officially the Great Ming, was an Dynasties in Chinese history, imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol Empire, Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Ming dynasty was the last orthodox dynasty of China ruled by the Han Chinese, Han people, the majority ethnic group in China. Although the primary capital of Beijing fell in 1644 to a rebellion led by Li Zicheng (who established the short-lived Shun dynasty), numerous rump state, rump regimes ruled by remnants of the House of Zhu, Ming imperial family—collectively called the Southern Ming—survived until 1662. The Ming dynasty's founder, the Hongwu Emperor (r. 1368–1398), attempted to create a society of self-sufficient rural communities ordered in a rigid, immobile system that would guarantee and support a permanent class of soldiers for his dynasty: the empire's standing army exceeded one million troops and the naval history of China, navy's dockyards in Nanjin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Li Zicheng
Li Zicheng (22 September 1606 – 1645), born Li Hongji, also known by the nickname, Dashing King, was a Chinese peasant rebel leader who overthrew the Ming dynasty in 1644 and ruled over northern China briefly as the emperor of the short-lived Shun dynasty before his death a year later. Biography Li Zicheng was born in 1606 as Li Hongji to an impoverished family of farmers in Li Jiqian village, Yan'an prefecture, northeast Shaanxi province. Li Zicheng had a brother who was 20 years his senior and raised Li Zicheng alongside his son and Zicheng’s nephew, Li Guo. While Li Zicheng was literate, the source of his education is disputed. Over the course of his late adolescence and early adulthood, Li worked on a farm, in a wine shop, in a blacksmith's shop, and as a mailman for the state courier system. According to folklore, in 1630, Li was put on public display in an iron collar and shackles for failing to repay loans to a usurious magistrate. The magistrate, a man by the nam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Southern Ming
The Southern Ming (), also known as the Later Ming (), officially the Great Ming (), was an imperial dynasty of China and a series of rump states of the Ming dynasty that came into existence following the Jiashen Incident of 1644. Shun forces led by Li Zicheng captured Beijing and the Chongzhen Emperor committed suicide. The Ming general Wu Sangui then opened the gates of the Shanhai Pass in the eastern section of the Great Wall to the Qing banners, in hope of using them to annihilate the Shun forces. Ming loyalists fled to Nanjing, where they enthroned Zhu Yousong as the Hongguang Emperor, marking the start of the Southern Ming. The Nanjing regime lasted until 1645, when Qing forces captured Nanjing. Zhu fled before the city fell, but was captured and executed shortly thereafter. Later figures continued to hold court in various southern Chinese cities, although the Qing considered them to be pretenders. The Nanjing regime lacked the resources to pay and supply its soldiers, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qing Dynasty
The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing,, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty of China and the last orthodox dynasty in Chinese history. It emerged from the Later Jin dynasty founded by the Jianzhou Jurchens, a Tungusic-speaking ethnic group who unified other Jurchen tribes to form a new "Manchu" ethnic identity. The dynasty was officially proclaimed in 1636 in Manchuria (modern-day Northeast China and Outer Manchuria). It seized control of Beijing in 1644, then later expanded its rule over the whole of China proper and Taiwan, and finally expanded into Inner Asia. The dynasty lasted until 1912 when it was overthrown in the Xinhai Revolution. In orthodox Chinese historiography, the Qing dynasty was preceded by the Ming dynasty and succeeded by the Republic of China. The multiethnic Qing dynasty lasted for almost three centuries and assembled the territorial base for modern China. It was the largest imperial dynasty in the history of China and in 1790 the f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shunzhi Emperor
The Shunzhi Emperor (15 March 1638 – 5 February 1661) was the second Emperor of China, emperor of the Qing dynasty of China, and the first Qing emperor to rule over China proper, reigning from 1644 to 1661. A Deliberative Council of Princes and Ministers, committee of Manchu princes chose him to succeed his father, Hong Taiji (1592–1643), in September 1643, when he was five years old. The princes also appointed two co-regents: Dorgon (1612–1650), the 14th son of the Qing dynasty's founder Nurhaci (1559–1626), and Jirgalang (1599–1655), one of Nurhaci's nephews, both of whom were members of the Aisin Gioro, Qing imperial clan. From 1643 to 1650, political power lay mostly in the hands of Dorgon. Under his leadership, the Qing Empire conquered most of the territory of the fallen Ming dynasty (1368–1644), chased Southern Ming, Ming loyalist regimes deep into the southwestern provinces, and established the basis of Qing rule over China proper despite highly unpopular ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Chinese Era Names
This is a list of the Chinese era names used by the various dynasties and regimes in the history of China, sorted by monarch. The English renditions of the era names in this list are based on the Hanyu Pinyin system. However, some academic works utilize the Wade–Giles romanization. For instance, the era of ''Zhenguan'' () during the reign of the Emperor Taizong of Tang is rendered as ''Chen-kuan'' in Wade–Giles. Han dynasty Western Han Xin dynasty Xuan Han Eastern Han Other regimes contemporaneous with Han dynasty Three Kingdoms Cao Wei Shu Han Eastern Wu Other regimes contemporaneous with Three Kingdoms Jin dynasty Western Jin Eastern Jin Huan Chu Other regimes contemporaneous with Jin dynasty Sixteen Kingdoms Han Zhao Cheng Han Later Zhao Former Liang Former Yan Former Qin Later Yan Later Qin Western Qin Later Liang Southern Liang Northern Liang Southern Yan Western Liang Hu Xia Northern Yan Dai Ran Wei We ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hongguang
Hongguang () (28 January – 17 August 1645) was the era name of the Hongguang Emperor of the Southern Ming. Comparison table Other eras contemporaneous with Hongguang * China ** ''Shunzhi'' (順治, 1644–1661): Qing dynasty — era name of the Shunzhi Emperor ** ''Yongchang'' (永昌, 1644–1645): Shun dynasty — era name of Li Zicheng ** ''Dashun'' (大順, 1644–1646): Xi dynasty — era name of Zhang Xianzhong * Vietnam ** ''Phúc Thái'' (福泰, 1643–1649): Later Lê dynasty — era name of Lê Chân Tông ** ''Thuận Đức'' (順德, 1638–1677): Mạc dynasty — era name of Mạc Kính Vũ * Japan ** '' Shōhō'' (正保, 1644–1648): era name of Emperor Go-Kōmyō See also * List of Chinese era names * List of Ming dynasty era names The Ming dynasty was the last unified dynasty founded by the Han ethnicity in Chinese history, which lasted for 276 years. List Southern Ming era names Notes References Citations Sources * * * * * * * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Later Jin (1616–1636)
The Later Jin, officially known as Jin or the Great Jin, was a royal dynasty of China in Manchuria and the precursor to the Qing dynasty. Established in 1616 by the Jianzhou Jurchen chieftain Nurhaci upon his reunification of the Jurchen tribes, its name was derived from the earlier Jin dynasty founded by the Wanyan clan which had ruled northern China in the 12th and 13th centuries. In 1635, the lingering Northern Yuan dynasty under Ejei Khan formally submitted to the Later Jin. The following year, Hong Taiji officially renamed the realm to "Great Qing", thus marking the start of the Qing dynasty. During the Ming–Qing transition, the Qing conquered Li Zicheng's Shun dynasty and various Southern Ming claimants and loyalists, going on to rule an empire comprising all of China, stretching as far as Tibet, Manchuria, Mongolia, Xinjiang, and Taiwan until the 1911 Xinhai Revolution established the Republic of China. Name Historians debate whether the official Chinese name ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shun Dynasty
The Shun dynasty (), officially the Great Shun (), was a short-lived Chinese dynasty that existed during the Ming–Qing transition. The dynasty was founded in Xi'an on 8 February 1644, the first day of the lunar year, by Li Zicheng, the leader of a large peasant rebellion, by proclaiming himself "emperor" () instead of the title "king" () before founding the dynasty. The capture of Beijing by the Shun forces in April 1644 marked the end of the Ming dynasty, but Li Zicheng failed to solidify his political and military control, and in late May 1644 he was defeated at the Battle of Shanhai Pass by the joint forces of Ming general Wu Sangui who shifted his alliance to the Qing dynasty after the fall of the Ming dynasty, with Manchu prince Dorgon. When he fled back to Beijing in early June, Li finally proclaimed himself the Yongchang Emperor of the Great Shun and left the capital the next day after setting the palace ablaze and ransacking the government offices. He may have intend ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tianqi (era)
Tianqi () (22 January 1621 – 4 February 1628) was the era name of the Tianqi Emperor, the 16th emperor of the Ming dynasty of China. Comparison table Other eras contemporaneous with Tianqi * China ** ''Tianming'' (天命, 1616–1626): Later Jin — era name of Nurhaci ** ''Tiancong'' (天聰, 1627–1636): Later Jin — era name of Hong Taiji ** ''Ruiying'' (瑞應, 1621–1629): Ming period — era name of She Chongming (奢崇明) ** ''Dachengxingsheng'' (大成興盛) (''Dachengxingsheng'', 大乘興勝) (1622): Ming period — era name of Xu Hongru (徐鴻儒) ** ''Yuanjing'' (元靜, 1622): Ming period — era name of Wan Side (万俟德) * Vietnam ** ''Vĩnh Tộ'' (永祚, 1619–1629): Later Lê dynasty — era name of Lê Thần Tông ** ''Long Thái'' (隆泰, 1618–1625): Mạc dynasty — era name of Mạc Kính Khoan * Japan ** ''Genna'' (元和, 1615–1624): era name of Emperor Go-Mizunoo ** ''Kan'ei'' (寛永, 1624–1644): era name of Emperor Go-Mizunoo, Emp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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