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Chloropidae
The Chloropidae are a family of flies commonly known as frit flies or grass flies. About 2000 described species are in over 160 genera distributed worldwide. These are usually very small flies, yellow or black and appearing shiny due to the virtual absence of any hairs. The majority of the larvae are phytophagous, mainly on grasses, and can be major pests of cereals. However, parasitic and predatory species are known. A few species are kleptoparasites. Some species in the genera '' Hippelates'' and '' Siphunculina'' (''S. funicola'' being quite well known in Asia) are called eye gnats or eye flies for their habit of being attracted to eyes. They feed on lachrymal secretions and other body fluids of various animals, including humans, and are of medical significance.Uruyakorn Chansang, Mir S. Mulla (2008) Field Evaluation of Repellents and Insecticidal Aerosol Compositions for Repelling and Control of ''Siphunculina funicola'' (Diptera: Chloropidae) on Aggregation Sites in Thailand. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chloropidae Unidentified Species Assembling On Window Dorsal Aspect EOS 00943
The Chloropidae are a family of flies commonly known as frit flies or grass flies. About 2000 described species are in over 160 genera distributed worldwide. These are usually very small flies, yellow or black and appearing shiny due to the virtual absence of any hairs. The majority of the larvae are phytophagous, mainly on grasses, and can be major pests of cereals. However, parasitic and predatory species are known. A few species are kleptoparasites. Some species in the genera '' Hippelates'' and '' Siphunculina'' (''S. funicola'' being quite well known in Asia) are called eye gnats or eye flies for their habit of being attracted to eyes. They feed on lachrymal secretions and other body fluids of various animals, including humans, and are of medical significance.Uruyakorn Chansang, Mir S. Mulla (2008) Field Evaluation of Repellents and Insecticidal Aerosol Compositions for Repelling and Control of ''Siphunculina funicola'' (Diptera: Chloropidae) on Aggregation Sites in Thailand. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siphunculina
''Siphunculina'' is a genus of small flies known as tropical eye flies. They are known for their habit of visiting the eyes of humans and other vertebrates to feed on fluids and in doing so cause annoyance, spread bacterial or viral diseases or cause injury to the eye. They have a habit of resting in large numbers on suspended strings, ropes and cobwebs. Several species are known from the Old World, including Asia, Europe and Africa. Cherian, P.T. 1977. The genus Siphunculina (Diptera: Chloropidae). Orient. Insects 11: 636-368. Species Some of the species include: *'' Siphunculina aenea'' Macquart, 1835 *'' Siphunculina aureopilosa'' Séguy, 1938 *'' Siphunculina aureosetosa'' Nartshuk, 1992 *'' Siphunculina breviseta'' Malloch, 1924 *'' Siphunculina corbetti'' Duda, 1936 *'' Siphunculina fasciata'' Cherian, 1971 *'' Siphunculina freyi'' Sabrosky, 1957 *'' Siphunculina funicola'' Meijere, 1905 *'' Siphunculina intonsa'' Lamb, 1918 *'' Siphunculina lobeliaphila'' Sabrosky, 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hippelates
''Hippelates'' is a genus of flies in the family Chloropidae and are often referred to as eye gnats or eye flies (the name is also used for members of the Old World genus ''Siphunculina''). Description They are very small ( long) flies that frequently congregate around the eyes to lap at the fluids. They are primarily a nuisance pest, and do not bite. They have been linked with the spread of bovine mastitis in North America, and in certain tropical regions, they are capable of vectoring disease-causing bacteria (e.g., yaws). ''Hippelates pusio'' is considered to be the vector for anaplasmosis, bovine mastitis, and ''Haemophilus'' spp. which cause bacterial conjunctivitis or 'pinkeye'. Distribution ''Hippelates'' are Neotropical and Nearctic in distribution.Sabrosky, Curtis W. Nomenclature of the Eye Gnats (Hippelates spp.) Am J Trop Med 1951 s1-31: 257-25full text/ref> Species * '' Hippelates bishoppi'' * '' Hippelates dorsalis'' Loew, 1869 * '' Hippelates genalis'' Loew, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chloropinae
Chloropinae is a subfamily of grass flies in the family Chloropidae. Genera These 76 genera belong to the subfamily Chloropinae: * '' Anathracophaga'' * '' Anthracophagella'' Anderson, 1977 * '' Aragara'' Walker, 1860 * '' Archimeromyza'' Deeming, 1981 * '' Assuania'' Becker, 1903 * '' Bathyparia'' Lamb, 1917 * '' Bothynocerus'' Paganelli, 2002 * '' Bricelochlorops'' Paganelli 2002 * '' Camarota'' Meigen, 1830 * '' Capnoptera'' Loew, 1866 * '' Centorisoma'' Becker, 1910 * '' Cerais'' Wulp, 1881 * '' Cetema'' Hendel, 1907 * '' Chloromerus'' Becker, 1911 * '' Chloropella'' Malloch, 1925 * ''Chlorops'' Meigen, 1803 * '' Chloropsina'' Becker, 1911 * '' Chromatopterum'' Becker, 1910 * '' Collessimyia'' Spencer, 1986 * '' Coniochlorops'' Duda, 1934 * '' Cordylosomides'' Strand, 1928 * '' Coroichlorops'' Paganelli, 2002 * '' Cryptonevra'' Lioy, 1864 * '' Desertochlorops'' Narchuk, 1966 * '' Diplotoxa'' Loew, 1863 * '' Dudeurina'' Ismay, 1995 * '' Ectecephala'' Macquart, 1851 * '' Ecte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oscinella Frit
''Oscinella frit'' is a European species of fly and member of the family Chloropidae. ''Oscinella frit'' is an agricultural pest causing damage to crops by boring into the shoots of oats, wheat, maize, barley and grasses Poaceae () or Gramineae () is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of monocotyledonous flowering plants commonly known as grasses. It includes the cereal grasses, bamboos and the grasses of natural grassland and species cultivated in lawns and .... References External linksPest Information Wiki Oscinellinae Diptera of Europe Flies described in 1758 Agricultural pest insects Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus {{Chloropidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kleptoparasite
Kleptoparasitism (etymologically, parasitism by theft) is a form of feeding in which one animal deliberately takes food from another. The strategy is evolutionarily stable when stealing is less costly than direct feeding, which can mean when food is scarce or when victims are abundant. Many kleptoparasites are arthropods, especially bees and wasps, but including some true flies, dung beetles, bugs, and spiders. Cuckoo bees are specialized kleptoparasites which lay their eggs either on the pollen masses made by other bees, or on the insect hosts of parasitoid wasps. They are an instance of Emery's rule, which states that insect social parasites tend to be closely related to their hosts. The behavior occurs, too, in vertebrates including birds such as skuas, which persistently chase other seabirds until they disgorge their food, and carnivorous mammals such as spotted hyenas and lions. Other species opportunistically indulge in kleptoparasitism. Strategy Kleptoparasitism is a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oscinellinae
Oscinellinae is a subfamily of frit flies in the family Chloropidae. There are at least 40 genera and 180 described species in Oscinellinae. Genera *'' Apallates'' Sabrosky, 1980 *'' Aphanotrigonum'' Duda, 1932 *'' Biorbitella'' *'' Cadrema'' *'' Calamoncosis'' Enderlein, 1911 *'' Ceratobarys'' Coquillett, 1929 *'' Chaetochlorops'' Malloch, 1914 *'' Conioscinella'' Duda, 1929 *'' Dasyopa'' Malloch, 1918 *'' Dicraeus'' Loew, 1873 *'' Elachiptera'' Macquart, 1835 *'' Enderleiniella'' *'' Eribolus'' Becker, 1910 *'' Eugaurax'' *'' Gampsocera'' Schiner, 1862 *'' Gaurax'' Loew, 1863 *'' Goniaspis'' *'' Goniopsita'' *'' Hapleginella'' Duda, 1933 *''Hippelates'' *'' Incertella'' Sabrosky, 1980 *'' Lasiambia'' Sabrosky, 1941 *'' Lasiochaeta'' Corti, 1909 *'' Lasiopleura'' *'' Liohippelates'' (eye gnats) *'' Lipara'' Meigen, 1830 *'' Meijerella'' Sabrosky *'' Melanochaeta'' *'' Microcercis'' Beschovski, 1978 *'' Monochaetoscinella'' *'' Neoscinella'' *'' Olcella'' *'' Onychas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Camillo Rondani
Camillo Rondani (21 November 1808 – 17 September 1879) was an Italian entomologist noted for his studies of Diptera. Early life, family and education Camillo Rondani was born in Parma when the city was part of the French Empire Napoleon having crowned himself King of Italy. The Rondani family were wealthy landowners and of "rich and of ancient origins" with ecclesiastical connections preliminary. Camillo's early education was in a seminary. He then passed into the public school system where, encouraged by Macedonio Melloni his physics and chemistry teacher in the preparatory course for the University of Parma, he did not attend the law lessons though his family had insisted. He attended mineralogy classes given by a Franciscan priest Father Bagatta and was taught natural history, a complementary course to botany for Medicine and Pharmacy. The Reader of Botany to the Athenaeum Parmesan was Professori Giorgio Jan, assistant at the Imperial Museum in Vienna and holder of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rice
Rice is the seed of the grass species ''Oryza sativa'' (Asian rice) or less commonly ''Oryza glaberrima ''Oryza glaberrima'', commonly known as African rice, is one of the two domesticated rice species. It was first domesticated and grown in West Africa around 3,000 years ago. In agriculture, it has largely been replaced by higher-yielding Asian r ...'' (African rice). The name wild rice is usually used for species of the genera ''Zizania (genus), Zizania'' and ''Porteresia'', both wild and domesticated, although the term may also be used for primitive or uncultivated varieties of ''Oryza''. As a cereal, cereal grain, domesticated rice is the most widely consumed staple food for over half of the world's World population, human population,Abstract, "Rice feeds more than half the world's population." especially in Asia and Africa. It is the agricultural commodity with the third-highest worldwide production, after sugarcane and maize. Since sizable portions of sugarcane and ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agropyron
''Agropyron'' is a genus of Eurasian plants in the grass family), native to Europe and Asia but widely naturalized in North America. Species in the genus are commonly referred to as wheatgrass. ; Species * ''Agropyron badamense'' - Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan * ''Agropyron bulbosum'' - Iran * ''Agropyron cimmericum'' - Ukraine, Crimea * ''Agropyron cristatum'' - Crested wheatgrass - Eurasia + North Africa from Spain + Morocco to Korea + Khabarovsk; naturalized in western + central North America (United States, Canada, northern Mexico) * ''Agropyron dasyanthum'' - Ukraine * ''Agropyron desertorum'' - Desert Wheatgrass - from Crimea + Caucasus to Mongolia + Siberia * ''Agropyron deweyi'' - Turkey * ''Agropyron fragile'' - Siberian wheatgrass - from Caucasus to Mongolia; naturalized in scattered locales in western United States + Canada * ''Agropyron michnoi'' - Buryatiya, Zabaykalsky Krai, Mongolia, Inner Mongolia * ''Agropyron mongolicum'' - Gansu, Inner ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bromus
''Bromus'' is a large genus of grasses, classified in its own tribe Bromeae. They are commonly known as bromes, brome grasses, cheat grasses or chess grasses. Estimates in the scientific literature of the number of species have ranged from 100 to 400, but plant taxonomists currently recognize around 160–170 species. ''Bromus'' is part of the cool-season grass lineage (subfamily Pooideae), which includes about 3300 species. Within Pooideae, ''Bromus'' is classified in tribe Bromeae (it is the only genus in the tribe). ''Bromus'' is closely related to the wheat-grass lineage (tribe Triticeae) that includes such economically important genera as ''Triticum'' (wheat), ''Hordeum'' (barley) and '' Secale'' (rye). Etymology The generic name ''Bromus'' is derived from the Latin ''bromos'', a borrowed word from the Ancient Greek (). and mean ''oats'', but seems to have referred specifically to ''Avena sativa'' (Hippocrates ''On Regimen in Acute Diseases'' 2.43, Dioscorides Med ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Morphology Of Diptera
Dipteran morphology differs in some significant ways from the broader morphology of insects. The Diptera is a very large and diverse order of mostly small to medium-sized insects. They have prominent compound eyes on a mobile head, and (at most) one pair of functional, membraneous wings, which are attached to a complex mesothorax. The second pair of wings, on the metathorax, are reduced to halteres. The order's fundamental peculiarity is its remarkable specialization in terms of wing shape and the morpho-anatomical adaptation of the thorax – features which lend particular agility to its flying forms. The filiform, stylate or aristate antennae correlate with the Nematocera, Brachycera and Cyclorrhapha taxa respectively. It displays substantial morphological uniformity in lower taxa, especially at the level of genus or species. The configuration of integumental bristles is of fundamental importance in their taxonomy, as is wing venation. It displays a complete metamorphosis (egg, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
