|
Chin–Doihara Agreement
The Chin–Doihara Agreement (; ja, 土肥原・秦徳純協定, Doihara-Qín Déchún) was a treaty that resolved the North Chahar Incident of 27 June 1935 between the Empire of Japan and Republic of China. The agreement was made between Kwantung Army negotiator, Kenji Doihara, representing Japan, and Deputy Commander of the Kuomintang 29th Army, General Qin Dechun (Chin Techun), representing China. It resulted in the demilitarisation of Chahar. As a result of the Chin–Doihara Agreement it was agreed:Shuhsi Hsu (1937) ''The North China Problem'' Kelly & Walsh, Shanghai, page 21 :1.) The commander of the regiment that detained the Japanese soldiers and the judge advocate of the division concerned were to be dismissed and punished. :2.) All units of the Chinese 29th Army were to be withdrawn from the districts of Chahar province north of Changpei. :3.) Maintenance of peace and order there was to be entrusted to the Peace Preservation Corps of Chahar Province. :4.) No Ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treaty
A treaty is a formal, legally binding written agreement between actors in international law. It is usually made by and between sovereign states, but can include international organizations An international organization or international organisation (see spelling differences), also known as an intergovernmental organization or an international institution, is a stable set of norms and rules meant to govern the behavior of states a ..., individuals, business entities, and other legal persons. A treaty may also be known as an international agreement, protocol, covenant, convention, pact, or exchange of letters, among other terms. However, only documents that are legally binding on the parties are considered treaties under international law. Treaties vary on the basis of obligations (the extent to which states are bound to the rules), precision (the extent to which the rules are unambiguous), and delegation (the extent to which third parties have authority to interpret, apply ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hebei–Chahar Political Council
The Hebei–Chahar Political Council, or Hebei-Chahar Political Commission (), was established at Beijing under Gen. Song Zheyuan, on 18th December 1935. In 1935, under Japanese pressure, China signed the He-Umezu Agreement, which forbade the Kuomintang (KMT) from conducting party operations in Hebei and effectively ended Chinese control of that province. In the same year, the Chin-Doihara Agreement was signed and vacated the KMT from Chahar. By the end of 1935, the Chinese central government had virtually vacated from North China. In its place, the Japanese-backed East Hebei Autonomous Council was established on November 24, and Prince Teh, a leader of the Mongols in the provinces of what is now Inner Mongolia, was striving to set up an autonomous Mongolian Government there. Kenji Doihara then tried to persuade General Song to set up an autonomous government in the Hebei - Chahar region. Resulting protests by Chinese citizens gave Japan the excuse to increase their garrison in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treaties Of The Empire Of Japan
A treaty is a formal, legally binding written agreement between actors in international law. It is usually made by and between sovereign states, but can include international organizations, individuals, business entities, and other legal persons. A treaty may also be known as an international agreement, protocol, covenant, convention, pact, or exchange of letters, among other terms. However, only documents that are legally binding on the parties are considered treaties under international law. Treaties vary on the basis of obligations (the extent to which states are bound to the rules), precision (the extent to which the rules are unambiguous), and delegation (the extent to which third parties have authority to interpret, apply and make rules). Treaties are among the earliest manifestations of international relations, with the first known example being a border agreement between the Sumerian city-states of Lagash and Umma around 3100 BC. International agreements were used in so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treaties Concluded In 1935
A treaty is a formal, legally binding written agreement between actors in international law. It is usually made by and between sovereign states, but can include international organizations, individuals, business entities, and other legal persons. A treaty may also be known as an international agreement, protocol, covenant, convention, pact, or exchange of letters, among other terms. However, only documents that are legally binding on the parties are considered treaties under international law. Treaties vary on the basis of obligations (the extent to which states are bound to the rules), precision (the extent to which the rules are unambiguous), and delegation (the extent to which third parties have authority to interpret, apply and make rules). Treaties are among the earliest manifestations of international relations, with the first known example being a border agreement between the Sumerian city-states of Lagash and Umma around 3100 BC. International agreements were used in so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treaties Of The Republic Of China (1912–1949)
A treaty is a formal, legally binding written agreement between actors in international law. It is usually made by and between sovereign states, but can include international organizations, individuals, business entities, and other legal persons. A treaty may also be known as an international agreement, protocol, covenant, convention, pact, or exchange of letters, among other terms. However, only documents that are legally binding on the parties are considered treaties under international law. Treaties vary on the basis of obligations (the extent to which states are bound to the rules), precision (the extent to which the rules are unambiguous), and delegation (the extent to which third parties have authority to interpret, apply and make rules). Treaties are among the earliest manifestations of international relations, with the first known example being a border agreement between the Sumerian city-states of Lagash and Umma around 3100 BC. International agreements were used in so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1935 In China
Events in the year 1935 in China. Incumbents *President: Lin Sen *Premier: Wang Jingwei until December 1, Chiang Kai-shek * Vice Premier: Kung Hsiang-hsi *Foreign Minister: Zhang Qun Events *January - Zunyi Conference *January–February 5 - First Encirclement Campaign against Hubei–Henan–Shaanxi Soviet *February–April 18 - Second Encirclement Campaign against Hubei–Henan–Shaanxi Soviet *April–July - Second Encirclement Campaign against the Shaanxi-Gansu Soviet *May 29 - Battle of Luding Bridge *June 10 - He–Umezu Agreement *June 27 - Chin–Doihara Agreement *August 20-October 25 - Third Encirclement Campaign against the Shaanxi-Gansu Soviet Births * January 7 – Li Shengjiao, diplomat and international jurist (d. 2017) * July 7 – Chan Wing-chan, politician * July 13 – Qiu Xigui, historian, palaeographer and professor * July 18 – Luo Gan, politician * September 1 – Chow Yei-ching, Hong Kong executive (d. 2018) * December 6 &ndas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1935 In Japan
Events from the year 1935 in Japan. Incumbents *Emperor: Hirohito *Prime Minister: Keisuke Okada Governors *Aichi Prefecture: Eitaro Shinohara *Akita Prefecture: Takabe Rokuzo *Aomori Prefecture: Mitsumasa Kobayashi *Ehime Prefecture: Jiro Ichinohe (until 15 January); Jiro Kan Oba (starting 15 January) *Fukui Prefecture: Shinsuke Kondo *Fukushima Prefecture: Ito Takehiko *Gifu Prefecture: ** until 15 January: Umekichi Miyawaki ** 15 January-31 May: Chi Sakamato ** starting 31 May: Chiaki Saka *Gunma Prefecture: Masao Kanazawa (until 15 January); Seikichi Kimishima (starting 15 June) *Hiroshima Prefecture: Michio Yuzawa (until 15 January); Keiichi Suzuki (politician), Keiichi Suzuki (starting 15 January) *Ibaraki Prefecture: Abe Kashichi (until 15 January); Ando Kyoushirou (starting 15 January) *Iwate Prefecture: Hidehiko Ishiguro Hidehiko (written: 秀彦 or 英彦) is a masculine Japanese given name. Notable people with the name include: *, Japanese musician an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
War Treaties
War is an intense armed conflict between states, governments, societies, or paramilitary groups such as mercenaries, insurgents, and militias. It is generally characterized by extreme violence, destruction, and mortality, using regular or irregular military forces. Warfare refers to the common activities and characteristics of types of war, or of wars in general. Total war is warfare that is not restricted to purely legitimate military targets, and can result in massive civilian or other non-combatant suffering and casualties. While some war studies scholars consider war a universal and ancestral aspect of human nature, others argue it is a result of specific socio-cultural, economic or ecological circumstances. Etymology The English word ''war'' derives from the 11th-century Old English words ''wyrre'' and ''werre'', from Old French ''werre'' (also ''guerre'' as in modern French), in turn from the Frankish *''werra'', ultimately deriving from the Proto-Germanic *' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second Sino-Japanese War
The Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945) or War of Resistance (Chinese term) was a military conflict that was primarily waged between the Republic of China and the Empire of Japan. The war made up the Chinese theater of the wider Pacific Theater of the Second World War. The beginning of the war is conventionally dated to the Marco Polo Bridge Incident on 7 July 1937, when a dispute between Japanese and Chinese troops in Peking escalated into a full-scale invasion. Some Chinese historians believe that the Japanese invasion of Manchuria on 18 September 1931 marks the start of the war. This full-scale war between the Chinese and the Empire of Japan is often regarded as the beginning of World War II in Asia. China fought Japan with aid from Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union, United Kingdom and the United States. After the Japanese attacks on Malaya and Pearl Harbor in 1941, the war merged with other conflicts which are generally categorized under those conflicts of World War II a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
December 9th Movement
The December 9th Movement () was a mass protest led by students in Beiping (present-day Beijing) on December 9, 1935 to demand that the Chinese government actively resist Japanese aggression. Background After the Japanese Imperial Force occupied Manchuria following the Mukden Incident in 1931, it attempted to follow up with an invasion into northern China. Between June and July 1935, the Chin-Doihara Agreement was negotiated between Japan and the Chinese Kuomintang (KMT) government as a way for the former to gain control of Chahar Province. A puppet state known as " Eastern Hebei Anti-Communist Autonomous Government" was then set up by a Yin Rugeng with Japanese help. In response to the demands by Japan to create a separate regime in Northern China, the KMT government was forced to establish the " Hebei-Chahar Political Council". The Chinese Communists, on the other hand, called for a voluntary mobilization of all Chinese people to resist Japanese aggression in a proclamation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anti-Japanese Sentiment In China
Anti-Japanese sentiment in China is an issue with modern roots (post-1868). Modern anti-Japanese sentiment in China is often rooted in nationalist or historical conflict, for example the atrocities and war crimes committed by the Japanese in the Second Sino-Japanese War and Japan's history textbook controversies. Bitterness in China persists over the Second Sino-Japanese War and Japan's post-war actions. This sentiment may also be at least to some extent influenced by issues related to Chinese people in Japan. According to a 2017 BBC World Service Poll, mainland Chinese people hold the largest anti-Japanese sentiment in the world, with 75% of Chinese people viewing Japan's influence negatively, and 22% expressing a positive view. Anti-Japanese sentiment in China was at its highest in 2014 since the poll was first conducted in 2006 and was up 16 percent over the previous year. However, anti-Japanese sentiment significantly decreased by 2018; a poll done in 2018 by Genron NPO sh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mengjiang
Mengjiang, also known as Mengkiang or the Mongol Border Land, and governed as the Mengjiang United Autonomous Government, was an autonomous area in Inner Mongolia, formed in 1939 as a puppet state of the Empire of Japan, then from 1940 being under the nominal sovereignty of the Reorganized National Government of the Republic of China (which was itself also a puppet state). It consisted of the previously Chinese provinces of Chahar and Suiyuan, corresponding to the central part of modern Inner Mongolia. It has also been called MongukuoD. E. Helmuth (2007)''A New Stamp Country?'' 1937, archived frothe originalon January 7, 2017, retrieved April 27, 2021 or Mengguguo (or Mengkukuo; ; in analogy to Manchukuo, another Japanese puppet state in Manchuria). The capital was Kalgan, from where it was under the nominal rule of Mongol nobleman Demchugdongrub. The territory returned to Chinese control after the defeat of the Japanese Empire in 1945. Background Following Japan's occupa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
