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Chartaque Wachturm (Niefern-Öschelbronn)
A chartaque ( ota, چارطاق, from fa, چهارتاق '' chahartaq'', literally "having four arches"; in german: Tschartake, in tr, Çardak) is a watchtower and important element of the fortification systems in the time of the Ottoman Empire. Construction The original form, to which the name relates, was built of four logs, but over time ''chartaques'' were built in different sizes depending on the number of defending units. Fundamentally they were places of observation and defence. A characteristic structural feature of ''chartaques'' is that they consisted of a lookout tower with a palisade around the base. Other defensive works such as '' schanzen'', abatis, ramparts and ditches were often built in the vicinity as additional protection against an enemy. The construction of a ''chartaque'' was an operation that lasted several weeks. In 1706, during the time of the Kuruc wars, precise details are known about the fortifications of the '' Kuruc schanzen'' in eastern St ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chartaque Wachturm (Niefern-Öschelbronn)
A chartaque ( ota, چارطاق, from fa, چهارتاق '' chahartaq'', literally "having four arches"; in german: Tschartake, in tr, Çardak) is a watchtower and important element of the fortification systems in the time of the Ottoman Empire. Construction The original form, to which the name relates, was built of four logs, but over time ''chartaques'' were built in different sizes depending on the number of defending units. Fundamentally they were places of observation and defence. A characteristic structural feature of ''chartaques'' is that they consisted of a lookout tower with a palisade around the base. Other defensive works such as '' schanzen'', abatis, ramparts and ditches were often built in the vicinity as additional protection against an enemy. The construction of a ''chartaque'' was an operation that lasted several weeks. In 1706, during the time of the Kuruc wars, precise details are known about the fortifications of the '' Kuruc schanzen'' in eastern St ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fathoms
A fathom is a unit of length in the imperial and the U.S. customary systems equal to , used especially for measuring the depth of water. The fathom is neither an International Standard (SI) unit, nor an internationally-accepted non-SI unit. Historically, however, it is the most frequently employed maritime measure of depth in the English-speaking world. There are two yards (6 feet) in an imperial fathom. Originally the span of a man's outstretched arms, the size of a fathom has varied slightly depending on whether it was defined as a thousandth of an (Admiralty) nautical mile or as a multiple of the imperial yard. Formerly, the term was used for any of several units of length varying around . Name The name (pronounced ) derives from the Old English word ''fæðm'', cognate to the Danish (via the Vikings) word "favn" meaning embracing arms or a pair of outstretched arms. Cognate maybe also via the Old High German word "fadum" of the same meaning.''Oxford English Dictionary' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fürstenfeld
Fürstenfeld (; hu, Fölöstöm) is a town and a district in southeastern Austria. It is situated within the Austrian federal state of Styria, near the border of Hungary. According to the 2005 census, Fürstenfeld has 5,986 citizens within its communal area, the larger urban area of Fürstenfeld includes approximately 20% more citizens. It was the centre of an eponymous district until the end of 2012, when it was merged with Hartberg to form Hartberg-Fürstenfeld District. Fürstenfeld was founded around 1170 as a fortress and received its town charter in 1215. Today it is known for its schools, middle-sized industry, and vicinity to several thermal spas ( Loipersdorf, Bad Blumau, Stegersbach). Geography Fürstenfeld is located in the lower valley near the Burgenland border. Elevation of the urban area ranges from 255m to approximately 300 m ü. A. The city`s central part sits on a river terrace two dozen meters above the valley floor. History First human traces in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
As The Crow Flies
__NOTOC__ The expression ''as the crow flies'' is an idiom for the most direct path between two points, rather similar to "in a beeline". This meaning is attested from the early 19th century, and appeared in Charles Dickens's 1838 novel '' Oliver Twist'': Crows do conspicuously fly alone across open country, but neither crows nor bees (as in "beeline") fly in particularly straight lines.Villazon, Luis.“Do crows actually fly in a straight line?” BBC Focus (August 30, 2017). While crows do not swoop in the air like swallows or starlings, they often circle above their nests. One suggested origin of the term is that before modern navigational methods were introduced, cages of crows were kept upon ships and a bird would be released from the crow's nest when required to assist navigation, in the hope that it would fly directly towards land. However, the earliest recorded uses of the term are not nautical in nature, and the crow's nest of a ship is thought to derive from its sha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fehring
Fehring is a municipality in the district of Südoststeiermark District, Südoststeiermark in Styria, Austria. The landscape is rolling hills cut by the valley of the Rába, Raab. Fehring is on a socket some metres above the valley floor. The town is bordered to the east by Burgenland. Neighbouring municipalities * In the north: Johnsdorf-Brunn and Hohenbrugg-Weinberg * In the east: Sankt Martin an der Raab and Mühldorf * In the south: Kapfenstein * In the west: Pertlstein Community structure The municipality Fehring consists of the villages Hirtzenrigel, Höflach, Petzelsdorf, Petersdorf and Schiefer. History The first mention of Fehring is with 40 homesteads in a document from Ottokar of 1265th. The district Petzelsdorf is already mentioned in the Babenberger Urbar 1220th. Fehring was founded as a marketplace and Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria awarded the market law. A parish has been documented in Fehring since 1305. There have been a lot of wars and fights around Fehr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kurucs
Kuruc (, plural ''kurucok''), also spelled kurutz, refers to a group of armed anti-Habsburg insurgents in the Kingdom of Hungary between 1671 and 1711. Over time, the term kuruc has come to designate Hungarians who advocate strict national independence and the term labanc to designate Hungarians who advocate cooperating with outside powers. The term kuruc is used in both a positive sense to mean “patriotic” and in a negative sense to mean “chauvinistic.” The term labanc is almost always used in a negative sense to mean “disloyal” or “traitorous.” The kuruc army was composed mostly of impoverished lower Hungarian nobility and serfs, including Hungarian Protestant peasants and Slavs. They managed to conquer large parts of Hungary in several uprisings from Transylvania before they were defeated by Habsburg imperial troops. Name The word ''kuruc'' was first used in 1514 for the armed peasants led by György Dózsa. 18th-century scholar Matthias Bel supposed t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lower Austria
Lower Austria (german: Niederösterreich; Austro-Bavarian: ''Niedaöstareich'', ''Niedaestareich'') is one of the nine states of Austria, located in the northeastern corner of the country. Since 1986, the capital of Lower Austria has been Sankt Pölten, replacing Vienna which became a separate state in 1921. With a land area of and a population of 1.685 million people, Lower Austria is the second most populous state in Austria (after Vienna). Other large cities are Amstetten, Klosterneuburg, Krems an der Donau, Stockerau and Wiener Neustadt. Geography With a land area of situated east of Upper Austria, Lower Austria is the country's largest state. Lower Austria derives its name from its downriver location on the Enns River which flows from the west to the east. Lower Austria has an international border, long, with the Czech Republic (South Bohemia and South Moravia Regions) and Slovakia (Bratislava and Trnava Regions). The state has the second longest external border of all A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kingdom Of Hungary
The Kingdom of Hungary was a monarchy in Central Europe that existed for nearly a millennium, from the Middle Ages into the 20th century. The Principality of Hungary emerged as a Christian kingdom upon the coronation of the first king Stephen I at Esztergom around the year 1000;Kristó Gyula – Barta János – Gergely Jenő: Magyarország története előidőktől 2000-ig (History of Hungary from the prehistory to 2000), Pannonica Kiadó, Budapest, 2002, , p. 687, pp. 37, pp. 113 ("Magyarország a 12. század második felére jelentős európai tényezővé, középhatalommá vált."/"By the 12th century Hungary became an important European factor, became a middle power.", "A Nyugat részévé vált Magyarország.../Hungary became part of the West"), pp. 616–644 his family (the Árpád dynasty) led the monarchy for 300 years. By the 12th century, the kingdom became a European middle power within the Western world. Due to the Ottoman occupation of the central and south ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Styria
Styria (german: Steiermark ; Serbo-Croatian and sl, ; hu, Stájerország) is a state (''Bundesland'') in the southeast of Austria. With an area of , Styria is the second largest state of Austria, after Lower Austria. Styria is bordered to the south by Slovenia, and clockwise, from the southwest, by the Austrian states of Carinthia, Salzburg, Upper Austria, Lower Austria, and Burgenland. The state capital is Graz. Etymology The March of Styria derived its name from the original seat of its ruling Otakar dynasty: Steyr, in today's Upper Austria. In German, the area is still called "Steiermark" while in English the Latin name "Styria" is used. The ancient link between Steyr and Styria is also apparent in their nearly identical coats of arms, a white Panther on a green background. Geography * The term "Upper Styria" (german: Obersteiermark) refers to the northern and northwestern parts of the federal-state (districts Liezen, Murau, Murtal, Leoben, Bruck-Mürzzuschlag). * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Iran
The history of Iran is intertwined with the history of a larger region known as Greater Iran, comprising the area from Anatolia in the west to the borders of Ancient India and the Syr Darya in the east, and from the Caucasus and the Eurasian Steppe in the north to the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman in the south. Central to this area is Iran, commonly known until the mid-20th century as Persia in the Western world. Iran is home to one of the world's oldest continuous major civilizations, with historical and urban settlements dating back to 7000 BC.People, "New evidence: modern civilization began in Iran", 10 Aug 2007 , retrieved 1 October 2007 The south-western and western part of the |
Redoubt
A redoubt (historically redout) is a fort or fort system usually consisting of an enclosed defensive emplacement outside a larger fort, usually relying on earthworks, although some are constructed of stone or brick. It is meant to protect soldiers outside the main defensive line and can be a permanent structure or a hastily constructed temporary fortification. The word means "a place of retreat". Redoubts were a component of the military strategies of most European empires during the colonial era, especially in the outer works of Vauban-style fortresses made popular during the 17th century, although the concept of redoubts has existed since medieval times. A redoubt differs from a redan in that the redan is open in the rear, whereas the redoubt was considered an enclosed work. The advent of mobile warfare in the 20th century diminished the importance of stationary defence positions and siege warfare. Historically important redoubts English Civil War During the English Civ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Styrian Provincial Archives
Styrian may refer to: * Adjective for Styria * Styrian dialect group The Styrian dialect group (''štajerska narečna skupina'', ''štajerščina''Logar, Tine. 1996. ''Dialektološke in jezikovnozgodovinske razprave''. Ljubljana: SAZU, p. 52.) is a group of closely related dialects of Slovene. The Lower Carniolan ... See also * Styria (other) {{disambig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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