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Charles Nicholas Hales
Charles Nicholas "Nick" Hales (1935–2005) was an English physician, biochemist, diabetologist, pathologist, and professor of clinical biochemistry Biography After education at King Edward VI High School, Stafford, King Edward VI Grammar School, Stafford, C. Nicholas Hales matriculated in 1953 at Trinity College, Cambridge, graduating BA (Cantab.) in 1956. He studied medicine at University College Hospital Medical School, graduating Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery#United Kingdom, MB BChir in 1959. At University College Hospital he was a house physician under Max Rosenheim. Hales returned to the University of Cambridge for graduate study in biochemistry. He received in 1964 his PhD under the supervision of Philip Randle. From 1964 to 1970 he was lecturer in biochemistry at the University of Cambridge. During the 1960s he was elected a Fellow of Downing College, Cambridge, taught undergraduate classes, and held an appointment at Addenbrooke’s Hospital, where he trea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stafford
Stafford () is a market town and the county town of Staffordshire, in the West Midlands region of England. It lies about north of Wolverhampton, south of Stoke-on-Trent and northwest of Birmingham. The town had a population of 70,145 in the 2021 census, It is the main settlement within the larger borough of Stafford which had a population of 136,837 (2021). History Stafford means "ford" by a staithe (landing place). The original settlement was on a dry sand and gravel peninsula that offered a strategic crossing point in the marshy valley of the River Sow, a tributary of the River Trent. There is still a large area of marshland north-west of the town, which is subject to flooding and did so in 1947, 2000, 2007 and 2019. Stafford is thought to have been founded about AD 700 by a Mercian prince called Bertelin, who, legend has it, founded a hermitage on a peninsula named Betheney. Until recently it was thought that the remains of a wooden preaching cross from the time h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phosphorylation
In chemistry, phosphorylation is the attachment of a phosphate group to a molecule or an ion. This process and its inverse, dephosphorylation, are common in biology and could be driven by natural selection. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Protein phosphorylation often activates (or deactivates) many enzymes. Glucose Phosphorylation of sugars is often the first stage in their catabolism. Phosphorylation allows cells to accumulate sugars because the phosphate group prevents the molecules from diffusing back across their transporter. Phosphorylation of glucose is a key reaction in sugar metabolism. The chemical equation for the conversion of D-glucose to D-glucose-6-phosphate in the first step of glycolysis is given by :D-glucose + ATP → D-glucose-6-phosphate + ADP : ΔG° = −16.7 kJ/mol (° indicates measurement at standard condition) Hepatic cells are freely permeable to glucose, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Medical Research Council (United Kingdom)
The Medical Research Council (MRC) is responsible for co-coordinating and funding medical research in the United Kingdom. It is part of United Kingdom Research and Innovation (UKRI), which came into operation 1 April 2018, and brings together the UK's seven research councils, Innovate UK and Research England. UK Research and Innovation is answerable to, although politically independent from, the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy. The MRC focuses on high-impact research and has provided the financial support and scientific expertise behind a number of medical breakthroughs, including the development of penicillin and the discovery of the structure of DNA. Research funded by the MRC has produced 32 Nobel Prize winners to date. History The MRC was founded as the Medical Research Committee and Advisory Council in 1913, with its prime role being the distribution of medical research funds under the terms of the National Insurance Act 1911. This was a consequen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
British Diabetic Association
Diabetes UK is a British-based patient, healthcare professional and research charity that has been described as "one of the foremost diabetes charities in the UK". The charity campaigns for improvements in the care and treatment of people with diabetes. History Diabetes UK was founded in 1934 as The Diabetic Association, by the author H. G. Wells and Robert Daniel Lawrence. Diabetes UK's first research grant was made in 1936.''In the beginning…'' - J. Mace, 1994. ''Balance'', Feb–Mar: 8–14. The organisation has since had two name changes—in 1954 to The British Diabetic Association and again in June 2000 to Diabetes UK. Both founders were living with diabetes, and their aim was to make sure that everyone in the UK had access to insulin, regardless of their financial situation. In 1999, the charity reviewed its services for people in their 20s to 40s, hoping to get more of that age group involved; at the time, 70% of younger people with diabetes were members but only 5% ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Molecular And Cellular Probes
''Molecular and Cellular Probes'' is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research on the location, diagnosis, and monitoring of inherited and infectious disease utilizing genomic, proteomic, and immunological techniques. Abstracting and indexing The journal is abstracted and indexed in BIOSIS, Biotechnology Citation Index, Chemical Abstracts, Current Contents/Life Sciences, EMBASE, EMBiology, MEDLINE, and Scopus. According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2013 impact factor The impact factor (IF) or journal impact factor (JIF) of an academic journal is a scientometric index calculated by Clarivate that reflects the yearly mean number of citations of articles published in the last two years in a given journal, as i ... of 1.859. References External links * {{Official website, http://www.journals.elsevier.com/molecular-and-cellular-probes-mcp/ Elsevier academic journals Biotechnology journals English-language journals Academic journals ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Molecular Aspects Of Medicine
''Molecular Aspects of Medicine'' is a bimonthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering molecular medicine. It is published by Elsevier on behalf of the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (IUBMB) is an international non-governmental organisation concerned with biochemistry and molecular biology. Formed in 1955 as the International Union of Biochemistry (IUB), the union .... Abstracting and indexing The journal is abstracted and indexed in: Article categories The journal publishes only invited review articles. External links * General medical journals Elsevier academic journals Hybrid open access journals {{med-journal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Molecular And Cellular Endocrinology
''Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology'' is a peer-reviewed academic journal of endocrinology established in 1974. The journal is published by Elsevier Elsevier () is a Dutch academic publishing company specializing in scientific, technical, and medical content. Its products include journals such as ''The Lancet'', ''Cell'', the ScienceDirect collection of electronic journals, '' Trends'', th ..., and edited by C. Klinge, C. Stratakis, and R. Laybutt. Indexing ''Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology'' in indexed in: Publications established in 1974 Elsevier academic journals Endocrinology journals {{med-journal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Journal Of Endocrinology
The ''Journal of Endocrinology'' is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal that publishes original research articles, reviews and commentaries. Its focus is on endocrine physiology and metabolism, including hormone secretion, hormone action, and biological effects. The journal considers basic and translational studies at the organ and whole organism level. The journal is published by Bioscientifica on behalf of the Society for Endocrinology. It is also an official journal of the European Society of Endocrinology and the Endocrine Society of Australia. The co-editors-in-chief are Martin Haluzík (Charles University) and Colin Farquharson (University of Edinburgh). According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 4.286. History The journal was conceived by Sir Charles Dodds Bart FRS (the founding editor-in-chief), Sir Frank Young FRS, Sir Alan Parkes FRS, and Lord Solly Zuckerman OM KCB FRS in 1937. The first issue was published in 1939 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diabetologia
''Diabetologia'' is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering diabetology and is the official journal of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. It is published by Springer Science+Business Media and the editor-in-chief is Hindrik Mulder (Lund University). According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2021 impact factor The impact factor (IF) or journal impact factor (JIF) of an academic journal is a scientometric index calculated by Clarivate that reflects the yearly mean number of citations of articles published in the last two years in a given journal, as i ... of 10.460, ranked 11/146 in Endocrinology and Metabolism. The 5-Year Impact Factor is 10.617. Previous editors The following persons have been editors-in-chief of the journal: References External links * {{Official website, http://www.diabetologia-journal.org Springer Science+Business Media academic journals Monthly journals English-language journals Endocrinology ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clinical Science (journal)
''Clinical Science'' is a peer-reviewed medical journal that covers all areas of clinical investigation, with a focus on translational science and medicine. The journal is currently published biweekly by Portland Press on behalf of the Biochemical Society. History The journal was established in 1909 by Thomas Lewis and James Mackenzie under the title ''Heart: A Journal for the Study of the Circulation''.Hollman A. 'Lewis, Sir Thomas (1881–1945)', in ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'' (Oxford University Press; 2004) (accessed 23 October 2007) Lewis was the first . In 193 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sulphonylurea
Sulfonylureas (UK: sulphonylurea) are a class of organic compounds used in medicine and agriculture, for example as antidiabetic drugs widely used in the management of diabetes mellitus type 2. They act by increasing insulin release from the beta cells in the pancreas. A number of sulfonylureas are also used as herbicides, because they can interfere with plant biosynthesis of certain amino acids. Sulfonylureas are also used experimentally to inhibit interleukin 1 beta release from the NALP3 (or NLRP3) inflammasome. Drugs * First-generation drugs include acetohexamide, carbutamide, chlorpropamide, glycyclamide (tolcyclamide), metahexamide, tolazamide and tolbutamide. * Second-generation drugs include glibenclamide (glyburide), glibornuride, gliclazide, glipizide, gliquidone, glisoxepide and glyclopyramide. * Third-generation drugs include glimepiride, although it is sometimes considered a second-generation agent. Medical uses Sulfonylureas are used primarily for the tre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beta Cell
Beta cells (β-cells) are a type of cell found in pancreatic islets that synthesize and secrete insulin and amylin. Beta cells make up 50–70% of the cells in human islets. In patients with Type 1 diabetes, beta-cell mass and function are diminished, leading to insufficient insulin secretion and hyperglycemia. Function The primary function of a beta cell is to produce and release insulin and amylin. Both are hormones which reduce blood glucose levels by different mechanisms. Beta cells can respond quickly to spikes in blood glucose concentrations by secreting some of their stored insulin and amylin while simultaneously producing more. Primary cilia on beta cells regulate their function and energy metabolism. Cilia deletion can lead to islet dysfunction and type 2 diabetes. Insulin synthesis Beta cells are the only site of insulin synthesis in mammals. As glucose stimulates insulin secretion, it simultaneously increases proinsulin biosynthesis, mainly through translational cont ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
