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Charaxes Zoolina Mafugensis Winka
The rajah and pasha butterflies, also known as emperors in Africa and Australia, (genus ''Charaxes'') make up the huge type genus of the brush-footed butterfly subfamily Charaxinae, or leafwing butterflies. They belong to the tribe Charaxini, which also includes the nawab butterflies ('' Polyura''). ''Charaxes'' are tropical Old World butterflies, with by far the highest diversity in sub-Saharan Africa, a smaller number from South Asia to Melanesia and Australia, and a single species ('' C. jasius'') in Europe. They are generally strong flyers and very popular among butterfly collectors. Etymology ''Charaxes'' means "to sharpen" or "to make pointed", referring to the pointed 'tails' on the hind wing. ''Charaxes'' may also be related to ''charax'', meaning 'a sharp stake', or ''charaxis'', a 'notch' or 'incision', which are also features of the hind wing. Biology ''Charaxes'' frequent sunny forest openings and glades where they rest with open or partly open wings sunnin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charaxes Solon
''Charaxes solon'', the black rajah, is a butterfly species found in tropical Asia. It belongs to the Charaxinae (rajahs and nawabs) in the brush-footed butterfly family (Nymphalidae). Description The black rajah is a medium-sized butterfly with a 70- to 80-mm wingspan. Above, the butterfly is dark brownish black with greenish or white discal bands across both the wings. The band is broken into spots towards the apex of the fore wing. The hind wing has two similar-sized tails at veins 2 and 4. These tails are longer in the females and more pointed in the males. Egg Its egg is transparent yellow and spherical, with longitudinal ridges. It has a dark red, uneven band around its upper half. Caterpillar The caterpillar is dark green with irregular rows of yellow tubercles. The caterpillar is cylindrical and may have a round white blotch on the seventh segment. The head is curved out and has horns and spines. The pupa is short and dark green, with a lateral longitudinal line ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charaxes Jasius
''Charaxes jasius'', the two-tailed pasha, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is the only European species of the genus ''Charaxes''. Divergence of the Mediterranean species ''C. jasius'' from the last common ancestor it shared with its closest related species still flying in the Afrotropical realm most probably occurred around 2 mya, i.e. during the Pliocene. *''Charaxes legeri'' *''Charaxes saturnus'' tat.rev.2005ref name="Turlin 2005"/> *'' Charaxes pelias'' *''Charaxes castor'' *''Charaxes hansali'' Clade 2: contains the three well-populated additional subgroups (19 species) of the jasius Group: *the ''brutus'' subgroup (4 species): *''Charaxes brutus'' *''Charaxes antiquus'' *''Charaxes junius'' *''Charaxes andara'' *the ''pollux'' subgroup (4 species): *'' Charaxes pollux'' *'' Charaxes phoebus'' *'' Charaxes ansorgei'' *'' Charaxes dowsetti'' *the ''eudoxus'' subgroup (11 species): *'' Charaxes eudoxus'' *'' Charaxes lucyae'' *'' Charaxes richelmanni'' *'' Char ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae, the spurge family, is a large family of flowering plants. In English, they are also commonly called euphorbias, which is also the name of a genus in the family. Most spurges, such as ''Euphorbia paralias'', are herbs, but some, especially in the tropics, are shrubs or trees, such as ''Hevea brasiliensis''. Some, such as ''Euphorbia canariensis'', are succulent and resemble cacti because of convergent evolution. This family has a cosmopolitan global distribution. The greatest diversity of species is in the tropics, however, the Euphorbiaceae also have many species in nontropical areas of all continents except Antarctica. Description The leaves are alternate, seldom opposite, with stipules. They are mainly simple, but where compound, are always palmate, never pinnate. Stipules may be reduced to hairs, glands, or spines, or in succulent species are sometimes absent. The plants can be monoecious or dioecious. The radially symmetrical flowers are unisexual, w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Melianthaceae
The Melianthaceae are a family of flowering plants. The APG II system includes them within the rosid clade. All members of Melianthaceae proper are trees or shrubs found in tropical and southern Africa. Francoaceae (the Bridal wreaths) are sometimes included in the family, a family consisting of two monotypic genera found in Chile. Classification The family Greyiaceae is merged into Melianthaceae in the APG II system. The family Francoaceae is optionally included within Melianthaceae. Melianthaceae ''sensu stricto'' * ''Bersama'' - 8 species * '' Melianthus'' - 6 species Greyiaceae (included in Melianthaceae) * ''Greyia'' - three species Francoaceae The Francoaceae are a small family of flowering plants in the order Geraniales, including the genera '' Francoa'', commonly known as bridal wreaths, and '' Tetilla''. The Francoaceae are recognized as a family under various classification schemes ... (sometimes included, sometimes a separate family) * '' Francoa'' - three spe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sapindaceae
The Sapindaceae are a family of flowering plants in the order Sapindales known as the soapberry family. It contains 138 genera and 1858 accepted species. Examples include horse chestnut, maples, ackee and lychee. The Sapindaceae occur in temperate to tropical regions, many in laurel forest habitat, throughout the world. Many are laticiferous, i.e. they contain latex, a milky sap, and many contain mildly toxic saponins with soap-like qualities in either the foliage and/or the seeds, or roots. The largest genera are ''Serjania'', ''Paullinia'', ''Allophylus'' and '' Acer''. Description Plants of this family have a variety of habits, from trees to herbaceous plants to lianas. The leaves of the tropical genera are usually spirally alternate, while those of the temperate maples ('' Acer), Aesculus'', and a few other genera are opposite. They are most often pinnately compound, but are palmately compound in ''Aesculus'', and simply palmate in ''Acer''. The petiole has a swollen ba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leguminosae
The Fabaceae or Leguminosae,International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants. Article 18.5 states: "The following names, of long usage, are treated as validly published: ....Leguminosae (nom. alt.: Fabaceae; type: Faba Mill. Vicia L.; ... When the Papilionaceae are regarded as a family distinct from the remainder of the Leguminosae, the name Papilionaceae is conserved against Leguminosae." English pronunciations are as follows: , and . commonly known as the legume, pea, or bean family, are a large and agriculturally important of |
Rhamnaceae
The Rhamnaceae are a large family of flowering plants, mostly trees, shrubs, and some vines, commonly called the buckthorn family. Rhamnaceae is included in the order Rosales. The family contains about 55 genera and 950 species. The Rhamnaceae have a worldwide distribution, but are more common in the subtropical and tropical regions. The earliest fossil evidence of Rhamnaceae is from the Late Cretaceous. Fossil flowers have been collected from the Upper Cretaceous of Mexico and the Paleocene of Argentina. Leaves of family Rhamnaceae members are simple, i.e., the leaf blades are not divided into smaller leaflets.Flowering Plants of the Santa Monica Mountains, Nancy Dale, 2nd Ed. 2000, p. 166 Leaves can be either alternate or opposite. Stipules are present. These leaves are modified into spines in many genera, in some (e.g. ''Paliurus spina-christi'' and '' Colletia cruciata'') spectacularly so. ''Colletia'' stands out by having two axillary buds instead of one, one developing int ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hill-topping (biology)
Hill-topping (more often spelt hilltopping) is a mate-location behaviour seen in many insects including butterflies, dragonflies, bumblebees, wasps, beetles and flies. Males of many butterfly species may be found flying up to and staying on a hilltop - for days on end if necessary. Females, desirous of mating, fly up the hill. Males dash around the top, competing for the best part of the area - usually the very top; as the male with the best territory at the top of the hill would have the best chance of mating with the occasional female, who knows the "top male" must be strong and thus genetically fit. Many authors consider this as a form of lekking behaviour. Many butterfly species including swallowtails, nymphalids, metal-marks and lycaenids are known to hill-top. In some ''Acraea'' butterflies, widespread infection by ''Wolbachia ''Wolbachia'' is a genus of intracellular bacteria that infects mainly arthropod species, including a high proportion of insects, and also s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charaxes Zoolina
''Charaxes zoolina'', the club-tailed emperor or club-tailed charaxes, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found in southern Africa."''Charaxes'' Ochsenheimer, 1816" at Markku Savela's ''Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms'' Description The is 40–45 mm in males and 50–58 mm in females. The species of this group 'zoolina'' groupdiffer from all others in the hindwing having in the male only one long tail, at vein 2, but in the female two, at veins 2 and 4. ''Ch. zoolina'' occurs in t ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mud-puddling
Mud-puddling, or simply puddling, is a behaviour most conspicuous in butterflies, but occurs in other animals as well, mainly insects; they seek out nutrients in certain moist substances such as rotting plant matter, mud and carrion and they suck up the fluid. Where the conditions are suitable, conspicuous insects such as butterflies commonly form aggregations on wet soil, dung or carrion. (1996): Mating systems and sexual division of foraging effort affect puddling behaviour by butterflies. ''Ecological Entomology'' 21(2): 193-197PDF fulltext/ref> From the fluids they obtain salts and amino acids that play various roles in their physiology, ethology and ecology. (1999): Mud-puddling behavior in tropical butterflies: In search of proteins or minerals? ''Oecologia'' 119(1): 140–148. (HTML abstractPDF fulltext This behaviour also has been seen in some other insects, notably the leafhoppers, e.g. the potato leafhopper, ''Empoasca fabae''. Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths) are di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charaxes Fabius
''Charaxes solon'', the black rajah, is a butterfly species found in tropical Asia. It belongs to the Charaxinae (rajahs and nawabs) in the brush-footed butterfly family (biology), family (Nymphalidae). Description The black rajah is a medium-sized butterfly with a 70- to 80-mm wingspan. Above, the butterfly is dark brownish black with greenish or white discal bands across both the wings. The band is broken into spots towards the apex of the fore wing. The hind wing has two similar-sized tails at veins 2 and 4. These tails are longer in the females and more pointed in the males. Egg Its egg is transparent yellow and spherical, with longitudinal ridges. It has a dark red, uneven band around its upper half. Caterpillar The caterpillar is dark green with irregular rows of yellow tubercles. The caterpillar is cylindrical and may have a round white blotch on the seventh segment. The head is curved out and has horns and spines. The pupa is short and dark green, with a lateral ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charaxes Pelias
''Charaxes pelias'', the protea emperor or protea charaxes, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae, and is endemic to the Cape Provinces in South Africa.Victor Gurney Logan Van Someren, 1963 Revisional notes on African ''Charaxes'' (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Part I. ''Bulletin of the British Museum'' (Natural History) (Entomology) 205-207/ref>Charaxes_saturnus.html" ;"title="ow full species ''Charaxes saturnus">ow full species ''Charaxes saturnus''the black spots in the discal band of the forewing are smaller than the orange-yellow spots which they border proximally; the black marginal line of the hindwing much thinner than in the type-form ; on the underside of the hindwing the red-brown spots are large and at least as broad as the band; the marginal spots on the upper surface are sometimes little larger than in the type-form, sometimes very large, From Natal to the Congo and British East Africa. — ab. ''laticinctus'' (''brunnescens'' Rothsch.) has the basal part of the uppe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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