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Chain Murders Of Iran
The chain murders of Iran ( fa, قتلهای زنجیرهای ایران) were a series of 1988–98 murders and disappearances of certain Iranian dissident intellectuals who had been critical of the Islamic Republic system. The murders and disappearances were carried out by Iranian government internal operatives, and they were referred to as "chain murders" because they appeared to be linked to each other. The victims included more than 80 writers, translators, poets, political activists, and ordinary citizens, and were killed by a variety of means such as car crashes, stabbings, shootings in staged robberies, and injections with potassium to simulate heart attack. The pattern of murders did not come to light until late 1998 when Dariush Forouhar, his wife Parvaneh Eskandari Forouhar, and three dissident writers were murdered over a span of two months. After the murders were publicized, Supreme Leader Ayatollah Khamenei denied the government was responsible, and blamed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dariush Forouhar
Dariush Forouhar ( fa, داریوش فروهر; 1928 – 21 November 1998) was an Iranian pan-Iranist politician and leader of Nation Party of Iran. Early life Forouhar was born in Isfahan. His father was a general in the Army who was arrested in WW2 by the British during the Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran after attempting to form an armed resistance. Career and political activities According to Ali Razmjoo in ''Hezb-e-Pan-Iranist'', Forouhar was one of the founding members of the original nationalist Pan-Iranist Party of Iran in 1951 with Mohsen Pezeshkpour. During the Pahlavi era, he had been very active in the anti-Shah nationalist movement and was a strong supporter and close friend of the Prime Minister Mohammad Mossadegh. In the midst of post-revolutionary tensions in Iranian Kurdistan in 1979, Forouhar was part of a delegation sent by Tehran to negotiate with Kurdish political and religious leaders. Although this delegation's recommendations were never implemented by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iranian Reform Movement
The Reformists ( fa, اصلاحطلبان, Eslâh-Talabân) are a political faction in Iran. Iran's "reform era" is sometimes said to have lasted from 1997 to 2005—the length of President Mohammad Khatami's two terms in office. The Council for Coordinating the Reforms Front is the main umbrella organization and coalition within the movement; however, there are reformist groups not aligned with the council, such as the Reformists Front. Background Organizations The 2nd of Khordad Movement usually refers not only to the coalition of 18 groups and political parties of the reforms front but to anyone else who was a supporter of the 1997 reform programs of Khatami. The ideology of Khatami and the movement is based on Islamic democracy. The reforms front consists of several political parties, some of the most famous including the following : * Islamic Iran Participation Front: key figures are Mohammad Reza Khatami, Saeed Hajjarian, Alireza Alavitabar, Abbas Abdi, Mohsen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manouchehr Saneie
Manuchehr, Manuchar, Manuchihr, or Manouchehr ( fa, منوچهر, ''Manūčehr'', Old Persian: Manōčihr, Avestan: Manuščiθra) is a Persian male given name meaning "Heaven's face". It consists of two parts ''Manu (Manou),'' which means "Heaven" in the old Persian language; and ''Chehr,'' which means "face". Given name Manuchehr * Manuchehr, mythical hero from ''Shahnameh''. * Manuchehr I, Manuchehr II and Manuchehr III, the 11th, 17th and 19th shahs of medieval Shirvan * Manuchihr, king of Ziyarids * Manuchehr Eliasi, Iranian Member of Parliament * Manuchehr Ghorbanifar, Iranian arms dealer * Manuchehr Jamali, Iranian philosopher * Manuchehr Shahrokhi, Iranian-American academic Manouchehr * Manouchehr Atashi, Persian poet * Manouchehr Eghbal, Prime Minister of Iran * Manouchehr Ganji, Iranian politician * Manouchehr Khan Gorji, Iranian official * Manouchehr Mahamadi, Iranian film producer * Manouchehr Mottaki, Iranian Government Minister * Manouchehr Yektai, Irani ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ghafar Hosseini
Ghafar ( ar, الغفر) is a Syrian village located in Armanaz Nahiyah in Harem District Harem District ( ar-at, منطقة حارم, manṭiqat Ḥārim) is a district of the Idlib Governorate in northwestern Syria. The administrative centre is the city of Harem Harem ( Persian: حرمسرا ''haramsarā'', ar, حَرِي ..., Idlib. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Ghafar had a population of 2090 in the 2004 census. References Populated places in Harem District {{IdlibSY-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ebrahim Zalzadeh
Ebrahim Zalzadeh (c. 1948 – February 22, 1997) was a dissident Iranian author and editor who was murdered in 1997 in what is thought to have been one of the " chain murders" of dissidents by "rogue elements" in Iran's intelligence ministry. Background Zalzadeh was editor of the Iranian literary monthly ''Mayar'' (also spelled ''Me'yer''), a publication that frequently criticized Iranian government censorship practices against the media, and was forced to close by the authorities in 1995. Zalzadeh oversaw the publishing companies of Bamdad ("Dawn") and Ebtekar ("Initiative"). "Dictatorship will not continue," Ebrahim Zalzadeh wrote in his final editorial to the supreme leader of the Iranian regime, Ayatollah Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani and he is remembered for that. Iran's formidable intelligence agencies banned Me'yar after the critical editorial and later kidnapped and executed Ebrahim Zalzadeh. Zalzadeh disappeared on February 22, 1997, and was identified in a Tehran morgue on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ahmad Miralaee
Ahmad ( ar, أحمد, ʾAḥmad) is an Arabic male given name common in most parts of the Muslim world. Other spellings of the name include Ahmed and Ahmet. Etymology The word derives from the root (ḥ-m-d), from the Arabic (), from the verb (''ḥameda'', "to thank or to praise"), non-past participle (). Lexicology As an Arabic name, it has its origins in a Quranic prophecy attributed to Jesus in the Quran which most Islamic scholars concede is about Muhammad. It also shares the same roots as Mahmud, Muhammad and Hamed. In its transliteration, the name has one of the highest number of spelling variations in the world. Though Islamic scholars attribute the name Ahmed to Muhammed, the verse itself is about a Messenger named Ahmed, whilst Muhammed was a Messenger-Prophet. Some Islamic traditions view the name Ahmad as another given name of Muhammad at birth by his mother, considered by Muslims to be the more esoteric name of Muhammad and central to understanding his n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mohammad Jafar Pouyandeh
Mohammad Jafar Pouyandeh (also spelled Mohammad-Jafar Pooyandeh or Mohammad Jafar Poyandeh, fa, محمد جعفر پوینده) (7 June 1954 – 8 or 9 December 1998) was an Iranian writer, translator and activist. He was a member of the Iranian Writers Association, a group who had been long banned in Iran due to their objection to censorship and encouraged freedom of expression. He was most likely murdered during the Chain murders of Iran in 1998. Biography Pouyandeh worked at the Cultural Research Institute and was working on translating a book called ''Questions & Answer about Human Rights'' at the time of his death. Pouyandeh was not a well known writer, translator, or activist in Iran and he is essentially known for his unusual circumstance of death. Pouyandeh was last seen alive leaving his office at four o'clock in the afternoon of December 8, 1998 and still hadn't returned home three days later when his wife wrote and delivered a letter to Iran's President expressing he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministry Of Intelligence (Iran)
The Ministry of Intelligence of the Islamic Republic of Iran ( fa, وزارت اطّلاعات جمهوری اسلامی ایران, Vezarat-e Ettela'at Jomhuri-ye Eslami-ye Iran) is the primary intelligence agency of the Islamic Republic of Iran and a member of the Iran Intelligence Community. It is also known as VAJA and previously as VEVAK (''Vezarat-e Ettela'at va Amniyat-e Keshvar'') or alternatively MOIS. It was initially known as SAVAMA, after it took over the Pahlavi dynasty, Shah's intelligence apparatus SAVAK. The ministry is one of the three "sovereign" ministerial bodies of Iran due to nature of its work at home and abroad. History Reliable and valid information on the ministry is often difficult to obtain. Initially, the organization was known as SAVAMA, and intended to replace SAVAK, Iran's intelligence agency during the rule of the Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Shah, but it is unclear how much continuity there is between the two organizations—while their role is simi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tehran
Tehran (; fa, تهران ) is the largest city in Tehran Province and the capital of Iran. With a population of around 9 million in the city and around 16 million in the larger metropolitan area of Greater Tehran, Tehran is the most populous city in Iran and Western Asia, and has the second-largest metropolitan area in the Middle East, after Cairo. It is ranked 24th in the world by metropolitan area population. In the Classical era, part of the territory of present-day Tehran was occupied by Rhages, a prominent Median city destroyed in the medieval Arab, Turkic, and Mongol invasions. Modern Ray is an urban area absorbed into the metropolitan area of Greater Tehran. Tehran was first chosen as the capital of Iran by Agha Mohammad Khan of the Qajar dynasty in 1786, because of its proximity to Iran's territories in the Caucasus, then separated from Iran in the Russo-Iranian Wars, to avoid the vying factions of the previously ruling Iranian dynasties. The capital has been ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parvaneh Eskandari
Parvaneh Forouhar ( fa, پروانه فروهر, Eskandari (); 20 March 1939 – 22 November 1998) was an Iranian dissident and activist who was murdered during the chain murders of Iran in November 1998. Biography Dariush Forouhar's wife, she became a member of the Party of the Iranian Nation when she was a university student, launching an anti-Shah campaign alongside Dariush Forouhar. After a while, they got married. Their witness in absentia was Dr. Mohammad Mossadegh and the clergyman marrying the couple was Ayatollah Zanjani. Both of the Forouhars were proponents of a democratic and independent Iran and supported the separation of state and religion, they felt that the Islamic Republic led to a concentration of power and made political reform difficult. Parvaneh Majd Eskandari was stabbed 25 times on the second floor of her home while she was very ill. She was 59 years old at the time of her death. They are survived by a daughter, Parastou Forouhar and a son, Aras ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mellat Iran
Party of the Iranian Nation (or Nation Party of Iran, Iran Nation Party; fa, حزب ملت ایران, Ḥezb-e Mellat-e Irān) is "a small opposition" party in Iran advocating establishment of a secular democracy. Although the party is technically illegal, it still operates inside Iran.Canada: Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, Iran: Update to IRN28431.E of 23 December 1997on the Nation of Iran Party ("Hezb-e Mellat-e Iran", the National Front, the Iranian Nation Party, the Iranian National Party, Party of the People of Iran), and the deaths of Dariush (Daryush) and Paravaneh (Paravanah) Foruhar (Forouhar, Forohar), 1 February 2000, IRN33708.E, available at: http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6ad5320.html ccessed 29 October 2016 Founded in 1951 by Dariush Forouhar, the party had a few hundred members, mostly high-school students, and was a member of National Front until the Iranian Revolution, however it did not carry much weight in the leadership of the front. The party pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
