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Chaetopterus
''Chaetopterus'' or the parchment worm or parchment tube worm is a genus of marine polychaete worm that lives in a tube it constructs in sediments or attaches to a rocky or coral reef substrate. The common name arises from the parchment-like appearance of the tubes that house these worms. Parchment tube worms are filter feeders and spend their adult lives in their tubes, unless the tube is damaged or destroyed. They are planktonic in their juvenile forms, as is typical for polychaete annelids. Species include the recently discovered deep water '' Chaetopterus pugaporcinus'' and the well-studied ''Chaetopterus variopedatus''. Housing tubes The tubes the worms live in are either attached to rocks, or, more commonly, buried in sandy bottoms in shallow waters. The worm has spines along its body segments that are modified for tunneling into the sandy substrate to create the u-shaped tube within which it lives. The tubes are upright u-shaped tunnels lined with mucous, then the parchmen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chaetopterus Variopedatus
''Chaetopterus variopedatus'' is a species of parchment worm, a marine polychaete in the family Chaetopteridae. It is found worldwide. However, recent discoveries from molecular phylogeny analysis show that ''Chaetopterus variopedatus ''sensu Hartman (1959) is not a single species. Polychaetes, or marine bristle worms, have elongated bodies divided into many segments. Each segment may bear setae (bristles) and parapodia (paddle-like appendages). Some species live freely, either swimming, crawling or burrowing, and these are known as "errant". Others live permanently in tubes, either calcareous or parchment-like, and these are known as "sedentary". Description ''C. variopedatus'' builds and lives permanently in a tough, flexible, papery U-shaped tube buried in soft substrate with both ends protruding like little chimneys. The worm itself is segmented, pale coloured and up to twenty-five centimetres long. The anterior end is short and has bristle-bearing segments and a shovel-l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chaetopteridae
The Chaetopteridae are a family of marine filter-feeding polychaete worms that live in vertical or U-shaped tubes in tunnels buried in the sedimentary or hard substrate of marine environments. The worms are highly adapted to the hard tube they secrete. Inside the tube the animal is segmented and regionally specialized, with highly modified appendages on different segments for cutting the tunnel, feeding, or creating suction for the flow of water through the tube home. The modified segments for feeding are on the 12th segment from the head for members of this family.Ruppert, E., Fox, R., & Barnes, R. (2007). ''Invertebrate Zoology: A functional Evolutionary Approach''. 7th Edition. Belmont:Thomson Learning. Larvae ''Chaetopteridae'' larvae are the largest among the polychaete worms. The larvae will range in size from 0.4 mm to 2.5 mm (largest polychaete larvae reported having a maximum length of 12 mm; the late stage of an unknown phyllodicid species). ''Chaeto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pigbutt Worm
''Chaetopterus pugaporcinus'', commonly known as the pigbutt worm or flying buttocks, is a species of worm first described by scientists at the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute in 2007. The worm is round in shape, approximately 10 to 20 millimeters in length (roughly the size of a hazelnut), and bears a strong resemblance to a disembodied pair of buttocks. Because of this, it was given a Latin species name that roughly translates to "resembling a pig's rear." The worm has been observed residing just below the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) between 875 and 1,200 meters (2,800 to 4,000 feet) deep — even when the sea floor is significantly deeper. The worms are neutrally buoyant, and have been observed floating along with their mouth parts facing downward, and their hind parts towards the ocean surface. As these worms have shown no ability to swim or otherwise propel themselves through the water, and have no long, protruding appendages to catch prey with, they must rely on fi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pinnixa Chaetopterana
''Pinnixa chaetopterana'', the tube pea crab, is a small decapod crustacean that lives harmlessly within the tube of the polychaete worm, ''Chaetopterus variopedatus''. Description ''P. chaetopterana'' is a tiny, soft-bodied crab. The bodies of all species of ''Pinnixa'' are much wider than they are long. The adults are difficult to distinguish from each other and all live in the tubes or burrows of other invertebrates. The larvae are quite dissimilar to the adults. They spends some time drifting in the zooplankton and there are five zoeal stages. The carapace is caltrop-shaped and has dorsal, rostral and lateral spines. The antennae are limited to a spinous process and a single seta. The length of the dorsal spine is less than 1.5 times the length of the rostral spine. The second and third abdominal somites have dorso-lateral knobs and the fifth somite has lateral knobs that project wing-like over the telson which has a median notch. Distribution This crab is found on the we ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tumidotheres Maculatus
''Tumidotheres maculatus'' is a species of crab that lives commensally or parasitically in the mantle cavity of molluscs. It is found along much of the western Atlantic Ocean and was first described by Thomas Say in 1818. Distribution ''Tumidotheres maculatus'' has a wide range in the western Atlantic Ocean, extending from the seas of Martha's Vineyard (United States) to San Matías Gulf (Argentina). Description There is conspicuous sexual dimorphism in ''T. maculatus'' which corresponds with the differing ecology of the two sexes. Males are typically less than in carapace width, and are able to leave the host. Females grow up to wide, and, having reached adulthood, spend their entire lives in the host. Ecology ''Tumidotheres maculatus'' is an endosymbiont of molluscs; it is unclear whether the host is harmed by the crabs presence, that is whether the relationship is commensal or parasitic. It is associated with a wide range of mollusc hosts, most of which are bivalves. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Annelid
The annelids (Annelida , from Latin ', "little ring"), also known as the segmented worms, are a large phylum, with over 22,000 extant species including ragworms, earthworms, and leeches. The species exist in and have adapted to various ecologies – some in marine environments as distinct as tidal zones and hydrothermal vents, others in fresh water, and yet others in moist terrestrial environments. The Annelids are bilaterally symmetrical, triploblastic, coelomate, invertebrate organisms. They also have parapodia for locomotion. Most textbooks still use the traditional division into polychaetes (almost all marine), oligochaetes (which include earthworms) and leech-like species. Cladistic research since 1997 has radically changed this scheme, viewing leeches as a sub-group of oligochaetes and oligochaetes as a sub-group of polychaetes. In addition, the Pogonophora, Echiura and Sipuncula, previously regarded as separate phyla, are now regarded as sub-groups of polycha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Annelid
The annelids (Annelida , from Latin ', "little ring"), also known as the segmented worms, are a large phylum, with over 22,000 extant species including ragworms, earthworms, and leeches. The species exist in and have adapted to various ecologies – some in marine environments as distinct as tidal zones and hydrothermal vents, others in fresh water, and yet others in moist terrestrial environments. The Annelids are bilaterally symmetrical, triploblastic, coelomate, invertebrate organisms. They also have parapodia for locomotion. Most textbooks still use the traditional division into polychaetes (almost all marine), oligochaetes (which include earthworms) and leech-like species. Cladistic research since 1997 has radically changed this scheme, viewing leeches as a sub-group of oligochaetes and oligochaetes as a sub-group of polychaetes. In addition, the Pogonophora, Echiura and Sipuncula, previously regarded as separate phyla, are now regarded as sub-groups of polycha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bioluminescence
Bioluminescence is the production and emission of light by living organisms. It is a form of chemiluminescence. Bioluminescence occurs widely in marine vertebrates and invertebrates, as well as in some fungi, microorganisms including some bioluminescent bacteria, and terrestrial arthropods such as fireflies. In some animals, the light is bacteriogenic, produced by symbiotic bacteria such as those from the genus ''Vibrio''; in others, it is autogenic, produced by the animals themselves. In a general sense, the principal chemical reaction in bioluminescence involves a light-emitting molecule and an enzyme, generally called luciferin and luciferase, respectively. Because these are generic names, luciferins and luciferases are often distinguished by the species or group, e.g. firefly luciferin. In all characterized cases, the enzyme catalyzes the oxidation of the luciferin. In some species, the luciferase requires other cofactors, such as calcium or magnesium ions, and somet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polychaete Genera
Polychaeta () is a paraphyletic class of generally marine annelid worms, commonly called bristle worms or polychaetes (). Each body segment has a pair of fleshy protrusions called parapodia that bear many bristles, called chaetae, which are made of chitin. More than 10,000 species are described in this class. Common representatives include the lugworm (''Arenicola marina'') and the sandworm or clam worm ''Alitta''. Polychaetes as a class are robust and widespread, with species that live in the coldest ocean temperatures of the abyssal plain, to forms which tolerate the extremely high temperatures near hydrothermal vents. Polychaetes occur throughout the Earth's oceans at all depths, from forms that live as plankton near the surface, to a 2- to 3-cm specimen (still unclassified) observed by the robot ocean probe ''Nereus'' at the bottom of the Challenger Deep, the deepest known spot in the Earth's oceans. Only 168 species (less than 2% of all polychaetes) are known from fresh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tenellia Rolleri
''Tenellia'' is a genus of sea slugs, aeolid nudibranchs, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Trinchesiidae.Gofas, S. (2004)''Tenellia'' A. Costa, 1866.In: MolluscaBase (2016). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species on 2016-12-23. Taxonomic history This was a small genus until a DNA phylogeny of the former family Tergipedidae resulted in most species of ''Cuthona'' being transferred to this genus.Cella, K; Carmona Barnosi, L.; Ekimova, I; Chichvarkhin, A; Schepetov, D; Gosliner, T. M. (2016)''A radical solution: The phylogeny of the nudibranch family Fionidae.''PLoS ONE. 11(12): e0167800. Miller (2004) restricted the genus ''Cuthona'' Alder & Hancock, 1855 to the type species, ''C. nana'' (Alder & Hancock, 1842), and transferred to the genus ''Trinchesia'' the rest of the species previously included in ''Cuthona''. Miller has been followed by some authors, and has not been followed by others - and there is currently much instability on the extension and contents o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tenellia Chaetopterana
''Tenellia'' is a genus of sea slugs, aeolid nudibranchs, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Trinchesiidae.Gofas, S. (2004)''Tenellia'' A. Costa, 1866.In: MolluscaBase (2016). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species on 2016-12-23. Taxonomic history This was a small genus until a DNA phylogeny of the former family Tergipedidae resulted in most species of ''Cuthona'' being transferred to this genus.Cella, K; Carmona Barnosi, L.; Ekimova, I; Chichvarkhin, A; Schepetov, D; Gosliner, T. M. (2016)''A radical solution: The phylogeny of the nudibranch family Fionidae.''PLoS ONE. 11(12): e0167800. Miller (2004) restricted the genus ''Cuthona'' Alder & Hancock, 1855 to the type species, ''C. nana'' (Alder & Hancock, 1842), and transferred to the genus ''Trinchesia'' the rest of the species previously included in ''Cuthona''. Miller has been followed by some authors, and has not been followed by others - and there is currently much instability on the extension and contents o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pinnotheridae
The Pinnotheridae are a family of tiny soft-bodied crabs that live commensally in the mantles of certain bivalve molluscs (and the occasional large gastropod mollusc species in genera such as ''Strombus'' and ''Haliotis''). '' Tunicotheres moseri'' is commensal with a tunicate. The earliest fossils attributable to the Pinnotheridae date from the Danian. Genera and species This is a comprehensive list of species in the family, as of 2008: ;''Abyssotheres'' ;'' Afropinnotheres'' ;'' Alarconia'' ;'' Alain'' *''Alain crosnieri'' *''Alain raymondi'' Ahyong & Ng, 2008 ;''Alainotheres'' ;'' Arcotheres'' *'' Arcotheres alcocki'' *'' Arcotheres arcophilus'' *'' Arcotheres coarctatus'' *'' Arcotheres exiguus'' *'' Arcotheres guinotae'' *'' Arcotheres latifrons'' *'' Arcotheres latus'' *'' Arcotheres modiolicola'' *'' Arcotheres nudifrons'' *'' Arcotheres palaensis'' *'' Arcotheres pernicola'' *'' Arcotheres placunae'' *'' Arcotheres rayi'' *'' Arcotheres rhombifer'' *'' Arcotheres rotunda ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
