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Cetasika
Mental factors ( sa, चैतसिक, caitasika or ''chitta samskara'' ; pi, cetasika; Tibetan: སེམས་བྱུང ''sems byung''), in Buddhism, are identified within the teachings of the Abhidhamma (Buddhist psychology). They are defined as aspects of the mind that apprehend the quality of an object, and that have the ability to color the mind. Within the Abhidhamma, the mental factors are categorized as formations ( sa, samskara) concurrent with mind ( sa, citta).Guenther (1975), Kindle Location 321.Kunsang (2004), p. 23.Geshe Tashi Tsering (2006), Kindle Location 456. Alternate translations for mental factors include "mental states", "mental events", and "concomitants of consciousness". Introduction Mental factors are aspects of the mind that apprehend the quality of an object and have the ability to color the mind. Geshe Tashi Tsering explains: :The Tibetan for mental factors, ''semlay jungwa chö'' (Skt. ''chaitasika dharma''), means phenomena arising from the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manasikāra
Manasikara (Sanskrit and Pali, also ''manasikāra''; Tibetan Wylie: ''yid la byed pa'' or ''yid byed'') is a Buddhist term that is translated as "attention" or "mental advertence". It is defined as the process of the mind fixating upon an object.Guenther (1975), Kindle Locations 406-410.Kunsang (2004), p. 23. ''Manasikara'' is identified within the Buddhist Abhidharma teachings as follows: * One of the ''seven universal mental factors'' in the Theravada Abhidharma. * One of the ''five universal mental factors'' in the Mahayana Abhidharma Definitions Theravada Bhikkhu Bodhi states: : The Pali word literally means “making in the mind.” Attention is the mental factor responsible for the mind’s advertence to the object, by virtue of which the object is made present to consciousness. Its characteristic is the conducting (sāraṇa) of the associated mental states towards the object. Its function is to yoke the associated states to the object. It is manifested as confrontation wi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cetanā
Cetanā (Sanskrit, Pali; Tibetan Wylie: sems pa) is a Buddhist term commonly translated as "volition", "intention", "directionality", etc. It can be defined as a mental factor that moves or urges the mind in a particular direction, toward a specific object or goal.Erik Pema Kunsang (translator) (2004). ''Gateway to Knowledge, Vol. 1''. North Atlantic Books. p. 23. Herbert V. Guenther & Leslie S. Kawamura, ''Mind in Buddhist Psychology: A Translation of Ye-shes rgyal-mtshan's "The Necklace of Clear Understanding"'' Dharma Publishing. Kindle Edition. (Kindle Locations 386-392). ''Cetanā'' is identified within the Buddhist teachings as follows: * One of the ''seven universal mental factors'' in the Theravada Abhidharma. * One of the Ten mahā-bhūmika in Sarvastivada Abhidharma. * One of the ''five universal mental factors'' in the Mahayana Abhidharma * The most significant mental factor involved in the creation of karma. Definitions Theravada Bhikkhu Bodhi states: : Cetana...is t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sparśa
Sparśa (Sanskrit; Pali: ''phassa'') is a Sanskrit/Indian term that is translated as "contact", "touching", "sensation", "sense impression", etc. It is defined as the coming together of three factors: the sense organ, the sense object, and sense consciousness (vijnana).Guenther (1975), Kindle Locations 401-405.Kunsang (2004), p. 23. For example, contact (''sparsha'') is said to occur at the coming together of the eye organ, a visual object, and the visual sense consciousness. Sparśa is identified within the Buddhist teachings as: * One of the ''seven universal mental factors'' in the Theravada Abhidharma. * One of the ''five universal mental factors'' in the Mahayana Abhidharma * The sixth link in the twelve links of dependent origination Explanation Theravada The Atthasālinī (Expositor, Part IV, Chapter I, 108) states: : Contact means “it touches”. It has touching as its salient characteristic, impact as its function, “coinciding” (of the physical base, object ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ekaggata
Ekaggatā (Pali; Sanskrit: '' ekāgratā'', एकाग्रता, "one-pointedness") is a Pali Buddhist term, meaning tranquility of mind or one-pointedness, but also "unification of mind." According to the Theravada-tradition, in their reinterpretation of ''jhana'' as one-pointed concentration, this mental factor is the primary component in all jhānas and the essence of concentration or samādhi. One-pointedness temporarily inhibits sensual desire, a necessary condition for any meditative attainment. Ekaggatā exercises the function of closely contemplating the object, the salient characteristic of jhāna, but it cannot perform this function alone. It requires the joint action of the other four jhāna factors each performing its own special function: vitakka, vicāra, pīti, and sukha. ''Ekaggatā'' is identified within the Buddhist teachings as: * One of the seven universal mental factors within the Theravada abhidharma teachings. * One of the qualities associated with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vedanā
Vedanā (Pāli and Sanskrit: वेदना) is an ancient term traditionally translated as either "feeling" or "sensation." In general, ''vedanā'' refers to the pleasant, unpleasant and neutral sensations that occur when our internal sense organs come into contact with external sense objects and the associated consciousness. Vedanā is identified as valence or "hedonic tone" in psychology. Vedanā is identified within the Buddhist teaching as follows: * One of the ''seven universal mental factors'' in the Theravāda Abhidharma. * One of the ''five universal mental factors'' in the Mahāyāna Abhidharma. * One of the twelve links of dependent origination (in both Theravāda and Mahāyāna traditions). * One of the five skandas (in both Theravāda and Mahāyāna traditions). * One of the objects of focus within the four foundations of mindfulness practice. In the context of the twelve links, craving for and attachment to vedanā leads to suffering; reciprocally, concent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adhimokṣa
Adhimoksha (Sanskrit, also ''adhimokṣa''; Pali: ''adhimokkha''; Tibetan Wylie: ''mos pa'') is a Buddhism, Buddhist term that is translated as "interest", "intensified interest", or "decision". It is defined as holding onto a certain form object; its function is not to lose the object.Guenther (1975), Kindle Locations 434-440.Kunsang (2004), p. 23. Within the Buddhist Abhidharma teachings, adhimoksha is identified as follows: * One of the Mental_factors_(Buddhism)#Six occasional mental factors, six occasional mental factors within the Theravada Abhidharma teachings * One of the Mental_factors_(Buddhism)#Five object-determining mental factors, five object-determining mental factors within the Mahayana Abhidharma teachings Explanation Theravada The Visuddhimagga ( XIV, 151) gives the following definition of adhimokkha: :The act of resolving is resolution. It has the characteristic of conviction. Its function is not to grope. It is manifested as decisiveness. Its proximate cause i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saṃjñā
''Saṃjñā'' (Sanskrit; Pali: ''sañña'') is a Buddhism, Buddhist term that is typically translated as "perception" or "cognition." It can be defined as grasping at the distinguishing features or characteristics. ''Samjñā'' has multiple meanings depending on religions. Although ''Samjñā'' means the five aggregates in Buddhism, in Hinduism, it refers to art traditions and in Jainism, it points to recognition distinct from cognition. ''Saṃjñā'' is identified within the Buddhist teachings as follows: * One of the Skandhas, five aggregates * One of the ''Mental_factors_(Buddhism)#Seven_universal_mental_factors, seven universal mental factors'' in the Theravada Abhidharma. * One of the ''Mental_factors_(Buddhism)#Five_universal_mental_factors, five universal mental factors'' in the Mahayana Abhidharma Definitions Theravada Bhikkhu Bodhi states: :The characteristic of perception is the perceiving of the qualities of the object. Its function is to make a sign as a conditio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atthasālinī
Atthasālinī (Pali) is a Buddhist text composed by Buddhaghosa in the Theravada Abhidharma tradition. The title has been translated as "The Expositor"van Gorkom (2009)Preface or "Providing the Meaning". In the ''Atthasālinī'', Buddhaghosa explains the meaning of terms that occur in the Dhammasangani, a Buddhist text that is part of the Pali Canon of Theravada Buddhism. Mental factors Within the ''Atthasālinī'', Buddhaghosa explains the meanings of the fifty-two mental factors (Pali: cetasikas) described in the Dhammasangani. Translations * Buddhaghosa, Maung Tin, et al. (1958), ''The Expositor'', Pali Text Society The Pali Text Society is a text publication society founded in 1881 by Thomas William Rhys Davids "to foster and promote the study of Pāli texts". Pāli is the language in which the texts of the Theravada school of Buddhism are preserved. The Pā ... References Sources * * Aṭṭhakathā {{buddhist-text-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Citta
''Citta'' (Pali and Sanskrit: चित्त; pronounced ''chitta''; IAST: ''citta)'' is one of three overlapping terms used in the '' nikaya'' to refer to the mind, the others being '' manas'' and '' viññāṇa''. Each is sometimes used in the generic and non-technical sense of "mind" in general, and the three are sometimes used in sequence to refer to one's mental processes as a whole. Their primary uses are, however, distinct. Usage The Pali–English Dictionary translates ''citta'' as heart or heart-mind, emphasizing it as more the emotive side of mind, as opposed to '' manas'' as the intellect in the sense of what grasps mental objects (''dhamma''). C''itta'' is the object of meditation in the third part of Satipatthana, also called Four Foundations of Mindfulness. ''Citta'' primarily represents one's mindset, or state of mind. It is the term used to refer to the quality of mental processes as a whole. ''Citta'' is neither an entity nor a process; this likely accounts ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abhidharma
The Abhidharma are ancient (third century BCE and later) Buddhist texts which contain detailed scholastic presentations of doctrinal material appearing in the Buddhist ''sutras''. It also refers to the scholastic method itself as well as the field of knowledge that this method is said to study. Bhikkhu Bodhi calls it "an abstract and highly technical systemization of the uddhistdoctrine," which is "simultaneously a philosophy, a psychology and an ethics, all integrated into the framework of a program for liberation." According to Peter Harvey, the Abhidharma method seeks "to avoid the inexactitudes of colloquial conventional language, as is sometimes found in the Suttas, and state everything in psycho-philosophically exact language." In this sense, it is an attempt to best express the Buddhist view of "ultimate reality" (''paramartha-satya''). There are different types of Abhidharma literature. The early canonical Abhidharma works (like the '' Abhidhamma Pitaka'') are not phi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chanda (Buddhism)
Chanda (Sanskrit, Pali; Tibetan: ''‘dun pa'') is translated as "intention", "interest", or "desire to act". Chanda is identified within the Buddhist Abhidharma teachings as follows: * One of the ''six occasional'' mental factors in the Theravada Abhidharma; in this tradition, chanda is a factor that can have positive or negative result depending upon the mental factors that it is co-joined with. * One of the Ten mahā-bhūmika in Sarvastivada Abhidharma. * One of the ''five object-determining'' mental factors in the Mahayana Abhidharma; that is a factor that grasps the specification of the object. * One of the eight antidotes applied to overcome obstacles in Samatha meditation within the Mahayana tradition. Definitions Theravada tradition Ajahn Sucitto states: :Desire as an eagerness to offer, to commit, to apply oneself to meditation, is called chanda. It’s a psychological “yes,” a choice, not a pathology. In fact, you could summarize Dhamma training as the transformat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wylie Transliteration
Wylie transliteration is a method for transliterating Tibetan script using only the letters available on a typical English-language typewriter. The system is named for the American scholar Turrell V. Wylie, who created the system and published it in a 1959 ''Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies'' article. It has subsequently become a standard transliteration scheme in Tibetan studies, especially in the United States. Any Tibetan language romanization scheme faces the dilemma of whether it should seek to accurately reproduce the sounds of spoken Tibetan or the spelling of written Tibetan. These differ widely, as Tibetan orthography became fixed in the 11th century, while pronunciation continued to evolve, comparable to the English orthography and French orthography, which reflect Late Medieval pronunciation. Previous transcription schemes sought to split the difference with the result that they achieved neither goal perfectly. Wylie transliteration was designed to precisely transc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
