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Centrocestus Armatus
''Centrocestus armatus'' is a species of trematodes, or fluke worms, in the family Heterophyidae. Distribution This species occurs in Japan, Taiwan, Korea, Southeast Asia. Life cycle The first intermediate hosts of ''Centrocestus armatus'' include freshwater snails ''Semisulcospira libertina''.Paller V. G., Kimura D. & Uga S. (2007). "Infection dynamics of ''Centrocestus armatus'' cercariae (Digenea: Heterophyidae) to second intermediate fish hosts". ''Journal of Parasitology'' 93(2): 436–439. . The second intermediate host include fish '' Nipponocypris temminkii'' and '' Zacco platypus''.Komatsu S., Kimura D., Paller V. G. V. & Uga S. (2014). "Dynamics of ''Centrocestus armatus'' Transmission in Endemic River in Hyogo Prefecture, Japan". ''Tropical Medicine and Health'' 42(1): 35-42. . The final hosts include Black-crowned night heron ''Nycticorax nycticorax''. It may infect humans. References Further reading * Kimura D. & Uga S. (2005). "Epidemiological study on ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Animal
Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms in the Kingdom (biology), biological kingdom Animalia. With few exceptions, animals Heterotroph, consume organic material, Cellular respiration#Aerobic respiration, breathe oxygen, are Motility, able to move, can Sexual reproduction, reproduce sexually, and go through an ontogenetic stage in which their body consists of a hollow sphere of Cell (biology), cells, the blastula, during Embryogenesis, embryonic development. Over 1.5 million Extant taxon, living animal species have been Species description, described—of which around 1 million are Insecta, insects—but it has been estimated there are over 7 million animal species in total. Animals range in length from to . They have Ecology, complex interactions with each other and their environments, forming intricate food webs. The scientific study of animals is known as zoology. Most living animal species are in Bilateria, a clade whose members have a Symmetry in biology#Bilate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Platyhelminthes
The flatworms, flat worms, Platyhelminthes, or platyhelminths (from the Greek language, Greek πλατύ, ''platy'', meaning "flat" and ἕλμινς (root: ἑλμινθ-), ''helminth-'', meaning "worm") are a Phylum (biology), phylum of relatively simple bilaterian, Segmentation (biology), unsegmented, soft-bodied invertebrates. Unlike other bilaterians, they are acoelomates (having no coelom, body cavity), and have no specialized circulatory system, circulatory and respiratory system, respiratory organ (anatomy), organs, which restricts them to having flattened shapes that allow oxygen and nutrients to pass through their bodies by diffusion. The digestive cavity has only one opening for both ingestion (intake of nutrients) and egestion (removal of undigested wastes); as a result, the food cannot be processed continuously. In traditional medicinal texts, Platyhelminthes are divided into Turbellaria, which are mostly non-parasitic animals such as planarians, and three entirely p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trematode
Trematoda is a class of flatworms known as flukes. They are obligate internal parasites with a complex life cycle requiring at least two hosts. The intermediate host, in which asexual reproduction occurs, is usually a snail. The definitive host, where the flukes sexually reproduce, is a vertebrate. Infection by trematodes can cause disease in all five traditional vertebrate classes: mammals, birds, amphibians, reptiles, and fish. Etymology Trematodes are commonly referred to as flukes. This term can be traced back to the Old English name for flounder, and refers to the flattened, rhomboidal shape of the organisms. Taxonomy There are 18,000 to 24,000 known species of trematodes, divided into two subclasses — the Aspidogastrea and the Digenea. Aspidogastrea is the smaller subclass, comprising 61 species. These flukes mainly infect bivalves and bony fishes.https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3918.3.2 Digenea — which comprise the majority of trematodes — ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Digenea
Digenea (Gr. ''Dis'' – double, ''Genos'' – race) is a class of trematodes in the Platyhelminthes phylum, consisting of parasitic flatworms (known as ''flukes'') with a syncytial tegument and, usually, two suckers, one ventral and one oral. Adults commonly live within the digestive tract, but occur throughout the organ systems of all classes of vertebrates. Once thought to be related to the Monogenea, it is now recognised that they are closest to the Aspidogastrea and that the Monogenea are more closely allied with the Cestoda. Around 6,000 species have been described to date. Morphology Key features Characteristic features of the Digenea include a syncytial tegument; that is, a tegument where the junctions between cells are broken down and a single continuous cytoplasm surrounds the entire animal. A similar tegument is found in other members of the Neodermata; a group of platyhelminths comprising the Digenea, Aspidogastrea, Monogenea and Cestoda. Digeneans possess a vermifo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Opisthorchiida
Plagiorchiida is a large order of trematodes, synonymous to Echinostomida. They belong to the Digenea, a large subclass of flukes. This order contains relatively few significant parasites of humans. The following families are placed here, organised by superfamily and suborder:Jones, A., Bray, R. A., & Gibson, D. I. (Eds.). (2002). ''Keys to the Trematoda'' (Vol. 1). CABI Publishing and The Natural History Museum. * Apocreadiata ** Apocreadioidea Skrjabin, 1942 *** Apocreadiidae Skrjabin, 1942 * Bivesiculata ** Bivesiculoidea *** Bivesiculidae Yamaguti, 1934 * Bucephalata ** Bucephaloidea Poche, 1907 *** Bucephalidae Poche, 1907 *** Nuitrematidae Kurochkin, 1975 * Echinostomata ** Echinostomatoidea Looss, 1902 *** Caballerotrematidae Tkach, Kudlai & Kostadinova, 2016 *** Calycodidae Dollfus, 1929 *** Cyclocoelidae Stossich, 1902 *** Echinochasmidae Odhner, 1910 *** Echinostomatidae Looss, 1899 *** Fasciolidae Railliet, 1895 *** Himasthlidae Odhner, 1910 *** Philophthalmidae L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heterophyidae
Heterophyidae is a family of intestinal trematodes in the order Plagiorchiida. Description: " Tegument covered by spines. Oral sucker not armed or armed by cyrcumoral spines. Pharynx presented. Genital synus presented. Ventral and genital suckers usually not combined. Cirrus and bursa absent. Two testes located in posterior part of the body. Vitellaria in posterior part of the body." First intermediate hosts are molluscs of Prosobranchia, second intermediate hosts are fishes. Definite hosts are birds and mammals, including humans. Genera *'' Acanthotrema'' Travassos, 1928 *'' Alloheterophyes'' Pearson, 1999 *'' Apophallus'' Lühe, 1909 *''Ascocotyle'' Looss, 1899 *'' Centrocestus'' Looss, 1899 *'' Cercarioides'' Witenberg, 1929 *'' Condylocotyla'' Pearson & Prevot, 1985 *''Cryptocotyle'' Lühe, 1899 *'' Dermocystis'' Stafford, 1905 *''Galactosomum'' Looss, 1899 *'' Haplorchis'' Looss, 1899 *'' Haplorchoides'' Chen, 1949 *'' Heterophyes'' Cobbold, 1866 *'' Heterophyopsi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Centrocestus
''Centrocestus formosanus'' is a trematode parasite of Asian origin that has found its way into North American streams and rivers. It not only affects the fountain darter but many species of commercially important fishes. It is also capable of infecting humans The parasite is transmitted via a freshwater snail Red-rimmed melania ''Melanoides tuberculata'' Vergara D. & Velásquez L. E. (2009). "LARVAS DE DIGENEA EN ''Melanoides tuberculata'' (GASTROPODA: THIARIDAE) EN MEDELLÍN, COLOMBIA. Larval stages of digenea from ''Melanoides tuberculata'' (Gastropoda: Thiaridae) in Medellín, Colombia". '' Acta Biológica Colombiana'' 14(1): 135-142abstractPDF. that was introduced in the United States and Mexico in the 1960s. The parasite is believed to have been introduced from shipments of black carp to fish farm upright=1.3, Salmon farming in the sea (mariculture) at Loch Ainort, Isle of Skye">mariculture.html" ;"title="Salmon farming in the sea (mariculture">Salmon farming in the sea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Japan
Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north toward the East China Sea, Philippine Sea, and Taiwan in the south. Japan is a part of the Ring of Fire, and spans Japanese archipelago, an archipelago of List of islands of Japan, 6852 islands covering ; the five main islands are Hokkaido, Honshu (the "mainland"), Shikoku, Kyushu, and Okinawa Island, Okinawa. Tokyo is the Capital of Japan, nation's capital and largest city, followed by Yokohama, Osaka, Nagoya, Sapporo, Fukuoka, Kobe, and Kyoto. Japan is the List of countries and dependencies by population, eleventh most populous country in the world, as well as one of the List of countries and dependencies by population density, most densely populated and Urbanization by country, urbanized. About three-fourths of Geography of Japan, the c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taiwan
Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the northeast, and the Philippines to the south. The territories controlled by the ROC consist of 168 islands, with a combined area of . The main island of Taiwan, also known as ''Formosa'', has an area of , with mountain ranges dominating the eastern two-thirds and plains in the western third, where its highly urbanised population is concentrated. The capital, Taipei, forms along with New Taipei City and Keelung the largest metropolitan area of Taiwan. Other major cities include Taoyuan, Taichung, Tainan, and Kaohsiung. With around 23.9 million inhabitants, Taiwan is among the most densely populated countries in the world. Taiwan has been settled for at least 25,000 years. Ancestors of Taiwanese indigenous peoples settled the isla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Semisulcospira Libertina
''Semisulcospira libertina'' is a species of freshwater snail with an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Semisulcospiridae. Widespread in east Asia, it lives in China, Taiwan, Korea, Japan, and the Philippines. In some countries it is harvested as a food source. It is medically important as a vector of clonorchiasis, paragonimiasis, metagonimiasis and others. Taxonomy The type specimens were collected by American scientist William Stimpson during the North Pacific Exploring and Surveying Expedition (1853–1856). This species was originally described under the name ''Melania libertina'' by American malacologist Augustus Addison Gould in 1859. The specific name ''libertina'' is from Latin language and means a "freedwoman". ''Semisulcospira libertina'' is the type species of the genus ''Semisulcospira'' by subsequent designation The International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) is a widely accepted convention in zoology that rules the formal scient ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Journal Of Parasitology
The ''Journal of Parasitology'' is a peer-reviewed medical journal covering research on parasites published bimonthly by Allen Press on behalf of the American Society of Parasitologists. Content includes research articles, brief research notes, announcements of the society, and book reviews. It was founded and edited by Henry Baldwin Ward in 1914. History In 1911, Charles C. Stiles and Brayton H. Ransom at the Bureau of Animal Industry in Washington, D.C., promulgated the need for parasitology journal in America. They asked Henry Baldwin Ward, at the time professor of zoology at the University of Illinois, to initiate the production. The name of the journal was proposed as ''The American Journal of Parasitology'', which George H. Simmons, secretary and editor for the ''Journal of the American Medical Association'' changed as the ''Journal of Parasitology'' as he felt that it would have more international recognition. Ward, as the owner and managing editor, released the first issu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nipponocypris Temminkii
''Nipponocypris'' is a genus of cyprinid fish containing three extant species, one endemic to Japan, one to South Korea while the third occurs in Japan, Korea and China. A fourth, extinct species is known from Middle Pleistocene-aged freshwater strata from the Kusu Basin in Japan.Miyata, Shinya, Yoshitaka Yabumoto, and Hiromichi Hirano. "Nipponocypris takayamai, a new species of cyprinid fish from the Nogami Formation (Middle Pleistocene) in the southern part of the Kusu Basin, Oita, Japan." Paleontological Research 22.3 (2018): 218-239. Species * ''Nipponocypris koreanus'' ( I. S. Kim, M. K. Oh & K. Hosoya, 2005) * ''Nipponocypris sieboldii'' (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) * ''Nipponocypris temminckii'' (Temminck & Schlegel Schlegel is a German occupational surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Anthony Schlegel (born 1981), former American football linebacker * August Wilhelm Schlegel (1767–1845), German poet, older brother of Friedrich * Brad Schlege ..., 1846) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
