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Central Luzon Languages
The Central Luzon languages are a group of languages belonging to the Philippine languages. These are predominantly spoken in the western portions of Central Luzon in the Philippines. One of them, Kapampangan, is the major language of the Pampanga-Mount Pinatubo area. However, despite having three to four million speakers, it is threatened by the diaspora of its speakers after the June 1991 eruption of that volcano. Globalization also threatened the language, with the younger generation more on using and speaking Tagalog and English, but promotion and everyday usage boosted the vitality of Kapampangan. External relationships Ronald Himes (2012)Himes, Ronald S. 2012. �The Central Luzon Group of Languages��. ''Oceanic Linguistics'' 51 (2). University of Hawai'i Press: 490–537. and Lawrence Reid (2015)Reid, Lawrence. 2015Re‐evaluating the position of Iraya among Philippine languages Presentation at 13-ICAL, 18-23 July, 2015 at Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan. suggest that the No ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central Luzon
Central Luzon ( pam, (Reyun ning) Kalibudtarang Luzon, pag, (Rehiyon na) Pegley na Luzon, tgl, (Rehiyon ng) Gitnang Luzon, ilo, (Rehion/Deppaar ti) Tengnga ti Luzon), designated as Region III, is an administrative region in the Philippines, primarily serving to organize the 7 provinces of the vast central plains of the island of Luzon (the largest island), for administrative convenience. The region contains the largest plain in the country and produces most of the country's rice supply, earning itself the nickname "Rice Granary of the Philippines". Its provinces are: Aurora, Bataan, Bulacan, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga, Tarlac and Zambales. Pangasinan was formerly a province of Central Luzon before President Marcos signed ''Presidential Decree No. 1'', 1972, incorporating it into Ilocos Region. Additionally, the province of Aurora was part of the defunct political region Southern Tagalog when the region was divided into Calabarzon and Mimaropa, upon the issuance of ''Executive Ord ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proto-Austronesian Language
Proto-Austronesian (commonly abbreviated as PAN or PAn) is a proto-language. It is the reconstructed ancestor of the Austronesian languages, one of the world's major language families. Proto-Austronesian is assumed to have begun to diversify 3,500–4,000 BCE on Taiwan. Lower-level reconstructions have also been made, and include Proto-Malayo-Polynesian, Proto-Oceanic, and Proto-Polynesian. Recently, linguists such as Malcolm Ross and Andrew Pawley have built large lexicons for Proto-Oceanic and Proto-Polynesian. Phonology Proto-Austronesian is reconstructed by constructing sets of correspondences among consonants in the various Austronesian languages, according to the comparative method. Although in theory the result should be unambiguous, in practice given the large number of languages there are numerous disagreements, with various scholars differing significantly on the number and nature of the phonemes in Proto-Austronesian. In the past, some disagreements concerned ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sambali Language
Sambal or Sambali is a Sambalic language spoken primarily in the Zambal municipalities of Santa Cruz, Candelaria, Masinloc, Palauig, and Iba, and in the Pangasinense municipality of Infanta in the Philippines; speakers can also be found in Panitian, Quezon, Palawan and Barangay Mandaragat or Buncag of Puerto Princesa. The speakers of the language are decreasing due to the fact that many of the speakers are shifting to Tagalog. The first European-produced reference grammar of any indigenous language of the Philippines was that of Zambal, published ''circa'' 1601. Dialects Ethnologue reports Santa Cruz, Masinloc and Iba as dialects of the language. Name The language is occasionally referred to as ''zambal'', which is the hispanized form of ''Sambal''. Sambal had also for a time been referred to as ''Tina'', a term still encountered in older sources. The term, however, which means 'bleached' in the Botolan variety of the language, is considered offensive. The pejorati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mariveleño Language
Mariveleño (also known as Magbikin, Bataan Ayta, or Magbukun Ayta) is a Sambalic language. It has around 500 speakers (Wurm 2000) and is spoken within an Aeta community in Mariveles in the Philippines. Geographic distribution Reid (1994) reports the following Magbikin locations. *Kanáwon, Morong, Bataan *Bayanbayanan, Magbikin, Mariveles, Bataan Himes (2012: 491) also collected Magbukun data from the two locations of: *Biaan, Mariveles, Bataan *Canawan, Morong, Bataan Cabanding (2014), citing Neil (2012), reports the following Magbukon locations in Bataan Province. *Dangcol, Balanga, Bataan *Kinaragan, Limay, Bataan *Kanawan, Morong, Bataan *Pita, Bayan-bayanan in Orion, Bataan *Pag-asa, Orani, Bataan *Ulingan, Matanglaw, and Magduhat (all in Bagac, Bataan) *Sitio Luoban in Samal, Bataan *Bangkal in Abucay, Bataan See also *Languages of the Philippines There are some 120 to 187 languages spoken in the Philippines, depending on the method of classification. Almost all a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mag-indi Language
The Indi language or Mag-indi (or Mag-Indi Ayta) is a Sambalic language with around 5,000 speakers. It is spoken within Philippine Aeta communities in San Marcelino, Zambales, and in the Pampango municipalities of Floridablanca (including in Nabuklod) and Porac. There are also speakers in Lumibao and Maague-ague. See also *Languages of the Philippines There are some 120 to 187 languages spoken in the Philippines, depending on the method of classification. Almost all are Malayo-Polynesian languages native to the archipelago. A number of Spanish-influenced creole varieties generally called C ... References Further reading * – sample phrases in Indi, Kapampangan, Tagalog and English. External links Endangered Austronesian languages Sambalic languages Aeta languages Languages of Zambales Languages of Pampanga {{philippine-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mag-antsi Language
The Antsi (Anchi) language or Mag-antsi (also Mag-Anchi Ayta) is a Sambalic language with around 4,200 speakers. It is spoken within Philippine Aeta communities in the Zambal municipalities of Botolan, San Marcelino, and Castillejos; in the Tarlaqueño municipalities of Capas and Bamban; in Mabalacat, Pampanga; and in Angeles City. The use of the language is declining as its speakers are shifting to Kapampangan. The language is mutually intelligible with Mag-Indi Ayta (77%) and Ambala Ayta (65%). Phonology See also *Languages of the Philippines There are some 120 to 187 languages spoken in the Philippines, depending on the method of classification. Almost all are Malayo-Polynesian languages native to the archipelago. A number of Spanish-influenced creole varieties generally called C ... References Further reading * * External links Online Ayta Mag-antsi-English dictionary hosted by SILSample recordings from the GRN Network Sambalic languages Endang ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Botolan Language
Botolan is a Sambalic language spoken by 32,867 (SIL 2000) Sambal, primarily in the Zambal municipalities of Botolan and Cabangan in the Philippines. Language status is 5 (developing). Varieties The Ayta people of sitio Villar, Botolan, and sitio Kakilingan, Santa Fe, Cabangan also speak a Botolan dialect with some unique lexical items. Ethnologue reports Ayta Hambali (Hambali Botolan), Sambali Botolan as dialects of Sambal Botolan. Among themselves, Ayta Hambali reportedly use some words that are similar to Ayta, Mag-Anchi. Phonology Botolan has 20 phonemes: 16 consonants and four vowels. Syllable structure is relatively simple. Each syllable contains at least a consonant and a vowel. Vowels Botolan has four vowels. They are: */a/ an open front unrounded vowel similar to English ''father'' */e/ a close-mid front unrounded vowel similar to German */i/ a close front unrounded vowel similar to English ''machine'' */u/ (written as ‘o’) a close back unrounded vowel simi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bolinao Language
The Bolinao language or Binubolinao is a Central Luzon language spoken primarily in the municipalities of Bolinao and Anda, Pangasinan in the Philippines. It has approximately 50,000 speakers, making it the second most widely spoken Sambalic language. Most Bolinao speakers can speak Pangasinan and Ilocano. Ethnologue reports 510 monolinguals for this language. Phonology Bolinao has 21 phonemes: 16 consonants and five vowels. Syllable structure is relatively simple. Each syllable contains at least a consonant and a vowel. Vowels Bolinao has five vowels. They are: * an open front unrounded vowel similar to English ''father'' * (written as ) a mid central vowel pronounced as in English ''telephone'' * a close front unrounded vowel similar to English ''machine'' * a close-mid back rounded vowel similar to English ''forty'' * a close back rounded vowel similar to English ''flute'' There are six main diphthongs: , , , , , and . Consonants Below is a chart of Bolinao consonants. All ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ambala Language
Ambala is a Sambalic language spoken in the Philippines. It has more than 2,000 speakers and is spoken within Aeta communities in the Zambal municipalities of Subic, San Marcelino, and Castillejos; in the city of Olongapo; and in Dinalupihan, Bataan. Reid (1994) reports the following Ambala locations, from SIL word lists: *Maliwacat, Cabalan, Olongapo, Zambales *Batong Kalyo (Pili), San Marcelino, Zambales Himes (2012) also collected Ambala data from the following locations: *Pastolan, Subic Bay Metropolitan Authority *Gordon Heights, Olongapo City See also *Languages of the Philippines There are some 120 to 187 languages spoken in the Philippines, depending on the method of classification. Almost all are Malayo-Polynesian languages native to the archipelago. A number of Spanish-influenced creole varieties generally called C ... References Endangered Austronesian languages Sambalic languages Aeta languages Languages of Zambales Languages of Bataan {{p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abellen Language
Abellen, Abenlen, Aburlin, or Ayta Abellen, is a Sambalic language. It has about 3,500 speakers and is spoken in a few Aeta communities in Tarlac province, Philippines. Ayta Abellen itself is part of the Sambalic language family in the Philippines and is closely related to not only the five other Ayta dialects but also the Botolan dialect of Sambal. ''Ethnologue'' reports 45 monolinguists. Geographic distribution Abellen Ayta speakers can be found in the following locations: *Maamot, San Jose, Tarlac Province The Ayta Abellen are distinguishable by their curly black hair, and darker skin tone as compared to other Filipinos.Nitsch, W. Stone, R. (2013) ''An Introduction to Ayta Abellen Morphology and Syntax.'Retrieved from SIL Philippines Since their language is similar to other Austronesian languages, there is a theory of an Austronesian migration that occurred. In this theory, there were two different migrations, one from the southern coast of Sundaland eastward and from W ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Northern Mindoro Languages
The Northern Mindoro (North Mangyan) languages are one of two small clusters of languages spoken by the Mangyan people of Mindoro Island in the Philippines. The languages are Alangan, Iraya, and Tadyawan. There is some evidence that points at a closer relationship of the Northern Mindoro languages with the Central Luzon languages. Both branches share the phonological innovation Proto-Austronesian *R > and some common lexical items such as 'to see', 'cold'. See also *Southern Mindoro languages *Ratagnon language Ratagnon (also translated as Latagnon or Datagnon, and Aradigi) is a regional language spoken by the Ratagnon people, an indigenous group from Occidental Mindoro. It is a part of the Bisayan language family and is closely related to other Phili ... References Further reading *Barbian, Karl-Josef. 1977. ''The Mangyan languages of Mindoro''. Cebu City: University of San Carlos. *Barbian, Karl-Josef. 1977. ''English-Mangyan vocabulary''. Cebu City: Universit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mount Pinatubo
Mount Pinatubo is an active stratovolcano in the Zambales Mountains, located on the tripoint boundary of the Philippine provinces of Zambales, Tarlac and Pampanga, all in Central Luzon on the northern island of Luzon. Its eruptive history was unknown to most before the pre-eruption volcanic activity of early 1991. Pinatubo was heavily eroded and obscured from view by dense forests which supported a population of several thousand indigenous Aetas. Pinatubo is most notorious for its VEI-6 eruption on June 15, 1991, the second-largest terrestrial eruption of the 20th century after the 1912 eruption of Novarupta in Alaska. Complicating the eruption was the arrival of Typhoon Yunya, bringing a lethal mix of ash and rain to towns and cities surrounding the volcano. Predictions at the onset of the climactic eruption led to the evacuation of tens of thousands of people from the surrounding areas, saving many lives. Surrounding areas were severely damaged by pyroclastic surges, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
