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Celastrus Dispermus
''Celastrus'', commonly known as staff vine, staff tree or bittersweet, is a genus in the family Celastraceae which comprises about 30-40 species of shrubs and vines. They have a wide distribution in East Asia, Australasia, Africa, and the Americas. The leaves are alternate and simple, ovoid, and typically long. The flowers are small, white, pink or greenish, and borne in long panicles; the fruit is a three-valved berry. In North America, they are known as bittersweet, presumably a result of confusion with the unrelated bittersweet (''Solanum dulcamara'') by early colonists. '' C. orbiculatus'' is a serious invasive weed in much of eastern North America. Selected species *''Celastrus angulatus'' Maxim. – Chinese staff vine *''Celastrus australis'' – Australian staff vine *''Celastrus dispermus'' – orange boxwood *''Celastrus flagellaris'' Rupr. *''Celastrus gemmatus'' Loes. *''Celastrus hindsii'' Benth. *''Celastrus monospermus'' Roxb. *''Celastrus orbiculatus'' Thu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vine Staff
__NOTOC__ The vine staff, vine-staff, or centurion's staff ( la, vitis) was a vinewood rod of about in length used in the ancient Roman Army and Navy. It was the mark and tool of the centurion: both as an implement in the direction of drill and maneuvers; and to beat wayward or laggard soldiers or sailors under his command. It was also borne by ''evocati'' who held an equivalent rank. Origin The vine staff may have derived from the Etruscan ''lituus'' and was certainly in use by the Punic Wars. Following the enactment of the Porcian Laws in the early 2nd century BC, it was the only manner by which Roman citizens could be beaten and is mentioned by various classical authors. A line in Ovid notes that "the good general commits the ''vitis'' to one to command one hundred." Pliny: "The centurion's vine staff is an excellent medicine for sluggish troops who don't want to advance..." "and when used to chastise offenses makes even the punishment respectable." It carried none ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Berry (botany)
In botany, a berry is a fleshy fruit without a stone (pit) produced from a single flower containing one ovary. Berries so defined include grapes, currants, and tomatoes, as well as cucumbers, eggplants (aubergines) and bananas, but exclude certain fruits that meet the culinary definition of berries, such as strawberries and raspberries. The berry is the most common type of fleshy fruit in which the entire outer layer of the ovary wall ripens into a potentially edible "pericarp". Berries may be formed from one or more carpels from the same flower (i.e. from a simple or a compound ovary). The seeds are usually embedded in the fleshy interior of the ovary, but there are some non-fleshy exceptions, such as peppers, with air rather than pulp around their seeds. Many berries are edible, but others, such as the fruits of the potato and the deadly nightshade, are poisonous to humans. A plant that bears berries is said to be bacciferous or baccate (a fruit that resembles a ber ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Celastrus Paniculatus
''Celastrus paniculatus'' is a woody liana commonly known as black oil plant, climbing staff tree, and intellect tree (Sanskrit: ''jyotishmati'' ज्योतीष्मती, Hindi: ''mal-kangani'' माल-कांगनी, Chinese: ''deng you teng'' 灯油藤). This climbing shrub grows throughout India at elevations up to . ''C. paniculatus'' is a deciduous vine with stems up to in diameter and long with rough, pale brown exfoliating bark covered densely with small, elongated lenticles. The leaves are simple, broad, and oval, obovate or elliptic in shape, with toothed margins. Traditional medicine Oil from the seeds is used as a traditional medicine in Indian Unani and Ayurvedic medicine. Poisonous relative ''Celastrus paniculatus'' has a relative that grows in the United States that is poisonous (''Celastrus orbiculatus ''Celastrus orbiculatus'' is a woody vine of the family Celastraceae. It is commonly called Oriental bittersweet, as well as Chinese bit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carl Peter Thunberg
Carl Peter Thunberg, also known as Karl Peter von Thunberg, Carl Pehr Thunberg, or Carl Per Thunberg (11 November 1743 – 8 August 1828), was a Swedish naturalist and an "apostle" of Carl Linnaeus. After studying under Linnaeus at Uppsala University, he spent seven years travelling in southern Africa and Asia, collecting and describing many plants and animals new to European science, and observing local cultures. He has been called "the father of South African botany", "pioneer of Occidental Medicine in Japan", and the "Japanese Linnaeus". Early life Thunberg was born and grew up in Jönköping, Sweden. At the age of 18, he entered Uppsala University where he was taught by Carl Linnaeus, regarded as the "father of modern taxonomy". Thunberg graduated in 1767 after 6 years of studying. To deepen his knowledge in botany, medicine and natural history, he was encouraged by Linnaeus in 1770 to travel to Paris and Amsterdam. In Amsterdam and Leiden Thunberg met the Dutch botanist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Celastrus Monospermus
''Celastrus'', commonly known as staff vine, staff tree or bittersweet, is a genus in the family Celastraceae which comprises about 30-40 species of shrubs and vines. They have a wide distribution in East Asia, Australasia, Africa, and the Americas. The leaves are alternate and simple, ovoid, and typically long. The flowers are small, white, pink or greenish, and borne in long panicles; the fruit is a three-valved berry. In North America, they are known as bittersweet, presumably a result of confusion with the unrelated bittersweet (''Solanum dulcamara ''Solanum dulcamara'' is a species of vine in the genus ''Solanum'' (which also includes the potato and the tomato) of the family Solanaceae. Common names include bittersweet, bittersweet nightshade, bitter nightshade, blue bindweed, Amara Dulci ...'') by early colonists. '' C. orbiculatus'' is a serious invasive species, invasive weed in much of eastern North America. Selected species *''Celastrus angulatus'' Maxim. – C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Celastrus Hindsii
''Celastrus'', commonly known as staff vine, staff tree or bittersweet, is a genus in the family Celastraceae which comprises about 30-40 species of shrubs and vines. They have a wide distribution in East Asia, Australasia, Africa, and the Americas. The leaves are alternate and simple, ovoid, and typically long. The flowers are small, white, pink or greenish, and borne in long panicles; the fruit is a three-valved berry. In North America, they are known as bittersweet, presumably a result of confusion with the unrelated bittersweet (''Solanum dulcamara'') by early colonists. '' C. orbiculatus'' is a serious invasive weed in much of eastern North America. Selected species *''Celastrus angulatus'' Maxim. – Chinese staff vine *''Celastrus australis'' – Australian staff vine *''Celastrus dispermus'' – orange boxwood *''Celastrus flagellaris'' Rupr. *''Celastrus gemmatus'' Loes. *''Celastrus hindsii'' Benth. *''Celastrus monospermus'' Roxb. *''Celastrus orbiculatus'' Thu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Celastrus Gemmatus
''Celastrus'', commonly known as staff vine, staff tree or bittersweet, is a genus in the family Celastraceae which comprises about 30-40 species of shrubs and vines. They have a wide distribution in East Asia, Australasia, Africa, and the Americas. The leaves are alternate and simple, ovoid, and typically long. The flowers are small, white, pink or greenish, and borne in long panicles; the fruit is a three-valved berry. In North America, they are known as bittersweet, presumably a result of confusion with the unrelated bittersweet (''Solanum dulcamara'') by early colonists. '' C. orbiculatus'' is a serious invasive weed in much of eastern North America. Selected species *''Celastrus angulatus'' Maxim. – Chinese staff vine *''Celastrus australis'' – Australian staff vine *''Celastrus dispermus'' – orange boxwood *''Celastrus flagellaris'' Rupr. *''Celastrus gemmatus'' Loes. *''Celastrus hindsii'' Benth. *''Celastrus monospermus'' Roxb. *''Celastrus orbiculatus'' Thu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Celastrus Flagellaris
''Celastrus'', commonly known as staff vine, staff tree or bittersweet, is a genus in the family Celastraceae which comprises about 30-40 species of shrubs and vines. They have a wide distribution in East Asia, Australasia, Africa, and the Americas. The leaves are alternate and simple, ovoid, and typically long. The flowers are small, white, pink or greenish, and borne in long panicles; the fruit is a three-valved berry. In North America, they are known as bittersweet, presumably a result of confusion with the unrelated bittersweet (''Solanum dulcamara'') by early colonists. '' C. orbiculatus'' is a serious invasive weed in much of eastern North America. Selected species *''Celastrus angulatus'' Maxim. – Chinese staff vine *''Celastrus australis'' – Australian staff vine *''Celastrus dispermus'' – orange boxwood *''Celastrus flagellaris'' Rupr. *''Celastrus gemmatus'' Loes. *''Celastrus hindsii'' Benth. *''Celastrus monospermus'' Roxb. *''Celastrus orbiculatus'' Thu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Celastrus Dispermus
''Celastrus'', commonly known as staff vine, staff tree or bittersweet, is a genus in the family Celastraceae which comprises about 30-40 species of shrubs and vines. They have a wide distribution in East Asia, Australasia, Africa, and the Americas. The leaves are alternate and simple, ovoid, and typically long. The flowers are small, white, pink or greenish, and borne in long panicles; the fruit is a three-valved berry. In North America, they are known as bittersweet, presumably a result of confusion with the unrelated bittersweet (''Solanum dulcamara'') by early colonists. '' C. orbiculatus'' is a serious invasive weed in much of eastern North America. Selected species *''Celastrus angulatus'' Maxim. – Chinese staff vine *''Celastrus australis'' – Australian staff vine *''Celastrus dispermus'' – orange boxwood *''Celastrus flagellaris'' Rupr. *''Celastrus gemmatus'' Loes. *''Celastrus hindsii'' Benth. *''Celastrus monospermus'' Roxb. *''Celastrus orbiculatus'' Thu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Celastrus Australis
''Celastrus'', commonly known as staff vine, staff tree or bittersweet, is a genus in the family Celastraceae which comprises about 30-40 species of shrubs and vines. They have a wide distribution in East Asia, Australasia, Africa, and the Americas. The leaves are alternate and simple, ovoid, and typically long. The flowers are small, white, pink or greenish, and borne in long panicles; the fruit is a three-valved berry. In North America, they are known as bittersweet, presumably a result of confusion with the unrelated bittersweet (''Solanum dulcamara'') by early colonists. '' C. orbiculatus'' is a serious invasive weed in much of eastern North America. Selected species *''Celastrus angulatus'' Maxim. – Chinese staff vine *''Celastrus australis'' – Australian staff vine *''Celastrus dispermus'' – orange boxwood *''Celastrus flagellaris'' Rupr. *''Celastrus gemmatus'' Loes. *''Celastrus hindsii'' Benth. *''Celastrus monospermus'' Roxb. *''Celastrus orbiculatus'' Thu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Celastrus Angulatus
''Celastrus'', commonly known as staff vine, staff tree or bittersweet, is a genus in the family Celastraceae which comprises about 30-40 species of shrubs and vines. They have a wide distribution in East Asia, Australasia, Africa, and the Americas. The leaves are alternate and simple, ovoid, and typically long. The flowers are small, white, pink or greenish, and borne in long panicles; the fruit is a three-valved berry. In North America, they are known as bittersweet, presumably a result of confusion with the unrelated bittersweet (''Solanum dulcamara'') by early colonists. '' C. orbiculatus'' is a serious invasive weed in much of eastern North America. Selected species *''Celastrus angulatus'' Maxim. – Chinese staff vine *''Celastrus australis'' – Australian staff vine *''Celastrus dispermus'' – orange boxwood *''Celastrus flagellaris'' Rupr. *''Celastrus gemmatus'' Loes. *''Celastrus hindsii'' Benth. *''Celastrus monospermus'' Roxb. *''Celastrus orbiculatus'' Thu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Weed
A weed is a plant considered undesirable in a particular situation, "a plant in the wrong place", or a plant growing where it is not wanted.Harlan, J. R., & deWet, J. M. (1965). Some thoughts about weeds. ''Economic botany'', ''19''(1), 16-24. This introduces the concept of humans and their goals in a particular setting.Holzner, W., & Numata, M. (Eds.). (2013). ''Biology and ecology of weeds'' (Vol. 2). Springer Science & Business Media. The concept of weeds is particularly significant in agriculture, where the aim is growing crops or pastures of a single species, or a mixture of a few desired species. In such environments, other plant species are considered undesirable and therefore a weed. Besides, some weeds have undesirable characteristics making them a plant pest in most human settings.Harlan, J. R., & deWet, J. M. (1965). Some thoughts about weeds. ''Economic botany'', ''19''(1), 16-24.Holzner, W., & Numata, M. (Eds.). (2013). ''Biology and ecology of weeds'' (Vol. 2). Spri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
