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Celali Rebellions
The Celali rebellions ( tr, Celalî ayaklanmaları), were a series of rebellions in Anatolia of irregular troops led by bandit chiefs and provincial officials known as ''celalî'', ''celâli'', or ''jelālī'', against the authority of the Ottoman Empire in the late 16th and early to mid-17th centuries. The first revolt termed as such occurred in 1519, during Sultan Selim I's reign, near Tokat under the leadership of Celâl, an Alevi preacher. Celâl's name was later used by Ottoman histories as a general term for rebellious groups in Anatolia, most of whom bore no particular connection to the original Celâl. As it is used by historians, the "Celali Rebellions" refer primarily to the activity of bandits and warlords in Anatolia from c. 1590 to 1610, with a second wave of Celali activity, this time led by rebellious provincial governors rather than bandit chiefs, lasting from 1622 to the suppression of the revolt of Abaza Hasan Pasha in 1659. These rebellions were the largest and l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rebellion
Rebellion, uprising, or insurrection is a refusal of obedience or order. It refers to the open resistance against the orders of an established authority. A rebellion originates from a sentiment of indignation and disapproval of a situation and then manifests itself by the refusal to submit or to obey the authority responsible for this situation. Rebellion can be individual or collective, peaceful ( civil disobedience, civil resistance, and nonviolent resistance) or violent (terrorism, sabotage and guerrilla warfare). In political terms, rebellion and revolt are often distinguished by their different aims. While rebellion generally seeks to evade and/or gain concessions from an oppressive power, a revolt seeks to overthrow and destroy that power, as well as its accompanying laws. The goal of rebellion is resistance while a revolt seeks a revolution. As power shifts relative to the external adversary, or power shifts within a mixed coalition, or positions harden or soften on ei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Osman II
Osman II ( ota, عثمان ثانى ''‘Osmān-i sānī''; tr, II. Osman; 3 November 1604 – 20 May 1622), also known as Osman the Young ( tr, Genç Osman), was Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 26 February 1618 until his regicide on 20 May 1622. Early life Osman II was born at Topkapı Palace, Constantinople, the son of Sultan Ahmed I (1603–17) and one of his consorts Mahfiruz Hatun. According to later traditions, at a young age, his mother had paid a great deal of attention to Osman's education, as a result of which Osman II became a known poet and was believed to have mastered many languages, including Arabic, Persian, Greek, Latin, and Italian; although this has since been refuted. Osman was born eleven months after his father Ahmed's transition to the throne. He was trained in the palace. According to foreign observers, he was one of the most cultured of Ottoman princes. Osman's failure to capture the throne at the death of his father Ahmed might have been cau ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Janissary
A Janissary ( ota, یڭیچری, yeŋiçeri, , ) was a member of the elite infantry units that formed the Ottoman Sultan's household troops and the first modern standing army in Europe. The corps was most likely established under sultan Orhan (1324–1362), during the Viziership of Alaeddin. Janissaries began as elite corps made up through the devşirme system of child levy, by which Christian Albanians, Romanians, Armenians, Bulgarians, Croats, Greeks and Serbs were taken, levied, subjected to circumcision and conversion to Islam, and incorporated into the Ottoman army. They became famed for internal cohesion cemented by strict discipline and order. Unlike typical slaves, they were paid regular salaries. Forbidden to marry before the age of 40 or engage in trade, their complete loyalty to the Sultan was expected. By the seventeenth century, due to a dramatic increase in the size of the Ottoman standing army, the corps' initially strict recruitment policy was relaxed. Civili ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sekban
The Sekban were mercenaries of peasant background in the Ottoman Empire. The term ''sekban'' initially referred to irregular military units, particularly those without guns, but ultimately it came to refer to any army outside the regular military. The sekbans were not only loyal to the Ottoman state, but they could become loyal to anyone who paid them a sufficient salary. These troops were maintained by raising a tax called the ''sekban aqçesi''. They were recruited in such numbers that they became the most numerous component of the imperial armies. The use of these troops ultimately led to grave consequences: the end of hostilities, as in the war against Persia in 1590 and the war against Austria in 1606, saw a large number of sekban without employment or means of livelihood. As a result, many of these soldiers took to brigandage and revolt, and they plundered much of Anatolia between 1596 and 1610. Rivalries between the janissaries and the sekban ultimately resulted in a reb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kuyucu Murad Pasha
Kuyucu Murad Pasha (Ottoman Turkish for "Murad Pasha the Well-digger", i.e. "Gravedigger"; sh, Murat-paša Kujudžić; 1535 – 1611) was an Ottoman statesman who served as Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire during the reign of Ahmed I between December 9, 1606, and August 5, 1611. Early life He was born in Bosnia.Safvet Bašagić: Znameniti Hrvati Bošnjaci i Hercegovci u turskoj carevini He is thought to have been a Slav or Albanian either born as a Muslim or converted later on during Devshirme conscription. Career He was '' beylerbey'' (governor-general) of Karaman in 1585 and Cyprus before being appointed to Damascus in 1593, as well as Aleppo. Upon arriving at the port of Sidon to take up his Damascus office he was received by the Druze chieftain of the Chouf, Fakhr al-Din, who furnished him with numerous gifts. He reciprocated by appointing Fakhr al-Din ''sanjak-bey'' (district governor) of Sidon-Beirut. Murad Pasha and Fakhr al-Din eliminated the latter's rival ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aleppo
)), is an adjective which means "white-colored mixed with black". , motto = , image_map = , mapsize = , map_caption = , image_map1 = , mapsize1 = , map_caption1 = , pushpin_map = Syria#Mediterranean east#Asia#Syria Aleppo , pushpin_label_position = left , pushpin_relief = yes , pushpin_mapsize = , pushpin_map_caption = Location of Aleppo in Syria , coordinates = , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = , subdivision_type1 = Governorate , subdivision_type2 = District , subdivision_type3 = Subdistrict , subdivision_name1 = Aleppo Governorate , subdivision_name2 = Mount Simeon (Jabal Semaan) , subdivision_name3 = Mount Simeon ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ali Janbulad
Ali Janbulad Pasha (transliterated in Turkish as Canbolatoğlu Ali Paşa; died 1 March 1610) was a Kurds, Kurdish tribal chief from Kilis and a rebel Ottoman Empire, Ottoman governor of Aleppo Eyalet, Aleppo who wielded practical supremacy over Ottoman Syria, Syria in . His rebellion, launched to avenge the execution of his uncle Huseyn ibn Janbulad by the commander Cığalazade Yusuf Sinan Pasha, Jigalazade Sinan Pasha in 1605, gained currency among northern Syria's Kurdish, Turkmens, Turkmen and Bedouin, Arab tribes and expanded to include local Syrian governors and chiefs, most prominently Fakhr al-Din II, Fakhr al-Din Ma'n of Mount Lebanon and his erstwhile enemy Yusuf Sayfa Pasha of Tripoli Eyalet, Tripoli. Ali formed a secret military alliance with the Grand Duke of Tuscany, Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, Ferdinand I, with the explicit aim of jointly destroying the Ottoman Empire and establishing the Janbulad family as the sovereigns of Syria. Ali's burgeo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deli Hasan
Deli Hasan (died 1605) was an Ottoman military commander who after leading a rebellion in Anatolia became governor of Bosnia and then of Temeşvar. After the death of his brother, a leading figure in the Celali rebellions, Deli Hasan took command of a group of rebels, soon numbered in the thousands, and established his power in Afyonkarahisar. He looted Kütahya and exacted tribute from Ankara. His success led to the Ottoman court bribing him back to loyalty with the rank of pasha and appointment as governor in Bosnia, where his followers were employed in the service of the state. He crossed into Europe on 2 April 1603, with an army numbering 10,000 men, and in May was taking part in the unsuccessful siege of Pest. His government in Bosnia was short and turbulent. In 1604 he was transferred to Temeşvar. The following year he fled to Belgrade after an attempt on his life, but was imprisoned there and executed.Mustafa Naima Mustafa Naima ( ota, مصطفى نعيما; ''Muṣṭaf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Urfa
Urfa, officially known as Şanlıurfa () and in ancient times as Edessa, is a city in southeastern Turkey and the capital of Şanlıurfa Province. Urfa is situated on a plain about 80 km east of the Euphrates River. Its climate features extremely hot, dry summers and cool, moist winters. About northeast of the city is the famous Neolithic site of Göbekli Tepe, the world's oldest known temple, which was founded in the 10th millennium BC. The area was part of a network of the first human settlements where the agricultural revolution took place. Because of its association with Jewish, Christian, and Islamic history, and a legend according to which it was the hometown of Abraham, Urfa is nicknamed the "City of Prophets." Religion is important in Urfa. The city "has become a center of fundamentalist Islamic beliefs" and "is considered one of the most devoutly religious cities in Turkey". The city is located 30 miles from the Atatürk Dam, at the heart of the Southeast Ana ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Corum Province
Corum may refer to: People * Gene Corum (1921-2010), American football coach * James Corum, American military historian * Lora L. Corum (1899-1949), American racecar driver Places * Çorum, city in Turkey; capital of Çorum Province * Çorum Province, district in Turkey's Black Sea Region * Corum, Acıpayam * Corum (Montpellier), building in Montpellier, France * Corum, Oklahoma, an unincorporated community in the American state. Elements in works of English author Michael Moorcock * Corum Jhaelen Irsei, protagonist in a series of books published between 1971 and 1974 * ''Corum'', supplement to role-playing game ''Stormbringer'', published in 2001 by Darcsyde Productions Other uses * Corum (watchmakers), Swiss watch manufacturing concern based in La Chaux-de-Fonds, Canton of Neuchâtel * Corum II: Dark Lord, 1999 video game * Corum Jhaelen Irsei Corum Jhaelen Irsei (known also as "the Prince in the Scarlet Robe" and "Corum of the Silver Hand") is the name of a fictional fa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anatolia Eyalet
The Eyalet of Anatolia ( ota, ایالت آناطولی, Eyālet-i Anaṭolı) was one of the two core provinces (Rumelia being the other) in the early years of the Ottoman Empire. It was established in 1393. By Gábor Ágoston, Bruce Alan Masters Its capital was first Ankara in central Anatolia, but then moved to Kütahya in western Anatolia. Its reported area in the 19th century was . The establishment of the province of Anatolia is held to have been in 1393, when Sultan Bayezid I ( 1389–1402) appointed Kara Timurtash as ''beylerbey'' and viceroy was in Anatolia, during Bayezid's absence on campaign in Europe against Mircea I of Wallachia. The province of Anatolia—initially termed ''beylerbeylik'' or generically ''vilayet'' ("province"), only after 1591 was the term ''eyalet'' used—was the second to be formed after the Rumelia Eyalet, and ranked accordingly in the hierarchy of the provinces. The first capital of the province was Ankara, but in the late 15th century it was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
