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Ceaușescu (surname)
Ceaușescu or Ceausescu likely derives from the Turkish word '' Çavuş'', meaning "messenger" or the military rank of sergeant in the Ottoman and Turkish armies. In modern usage, it most often refers to Nicolae Ceaușescu, the last Communist leader of Romania, but it may also refer to: * Elena Ceaușescu, wife of Nicolae Ceaușescu * Valentin Ceaușescu, Nicolae Ceaușescu's older son * Zoia Ceaușescu, Nicolae Ceaușescu's daughter * Nicu Ceaușescu, Nicolae Ceaușescu's younger son * Marin Ceaușescu, Nicolae Ceaușescu's older brother * Ilie Ceaușescu, Nicolae Ceaușescu's younger brother The Ceaușescu family included a number of other less prominent individuals who are described on that page. See also * Çavuş * Ceaușu (other) Note The form Çauşescu—spelled with a cedilla—is considered inaccurate. No such letter exists in the Romanian alphabet The Romanian alphabet is a variant of the Latin alphabet used for writing the Romanian language. It is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turkish Language
Turkish ( , ), also referred to as Turkish of Turkey (''Türkiye Türkçesi''), is the most widely spoken of the Turkic languages, with around 80 to 90 million speakers. It is the national language of Turkey and Northern Cyprus. Significant smaller groups of Turkish speakers also exist in Iraq, Syria, Germany, Austria, Bulgaria, North Macedonia, Greece, the Caucasus, and other parts of Europe and Central Asia. Cyprus has requested the European Union to add Turkish as an official language, even though Turkey is not a member state. Turkish is the 13th most spoken language in the world. To the west, the influence of Ottoman Turkish—the variety of the Turkish language that was used as the administrative and literary language of the Ottoman Empire—spread as the Ottoman Empire expanded. In 1928, as one of Atatürk's Reforms in the early years of the Republic of Turkey, the Ottoman Turkish alphabet was replaced with a Latin alphabet. The distinctive characteristics of the Turk ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Çavuş
Çavuş, also anglicized Chaush and Chiaus (from tr, çavuş / , "messenger"), Arabic 'shawish, شاويش', (from Old Turkic ''Çabuş'' or ''Çawuş'', "person who gives order, person who yells") was an Ottoman title used for two separate soldier professions, both acting as messengers although differing in levels. It was a rank below '' agha'' and ''kethüda'' (from Persian, kad-khuda, "magistrate"), in units such as the Janissaries and Sipahi, and was also a term for members of the specialized unit of '' çavuşān'' (, also ''çavuşiyye'', ''çavuş(an)-i divan(i)'') consisting of combined cavalry and infantry serving the Imperial Council (as in Ottoman Egypt). The leaders of the council's ''çavuş'' were titled ''çavuşbaşı'' / (or ''başçavuş'' / ). The ''çavuşbaşı'' was an assistant (or deputy) to the Grand Vizier, dealing with security matters, accompanying ambassadors visiting the Grand Vizier, and also carried out the first examination of petitions submit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sergeant
Sergeant (abbreviated to Sgt. and capitalized when used as a named person's title) is a rank in many uniformed organizations, principally military and policing forces. The alternative spelling, ''serjeant'', is used in The Rifles and other units that draw their heritage from the British light infantry. Its origin is the Latin , 'one who serves', through the French term . The term ''sergeant'' refers to a non-commissioned officer placed above the rank of a corporal, and a police officer immediately below a lieutenant in the US, and below an inspector in the UK. In most armies, the rank of sergeant corresponds to command of a squad (or section). In Commonwealth armies, it is a more senior rank, corresponding roughly to a platoon second-in-command. In the United States Army, sergeant is a more junior rank corresponding to a squad- (12 person) or platoon- (36 person) leader. More senior non-commissioned ranks are often variations on sergeant, for example staff sergeant, gunn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nicolae Ceaușescu
Nicolae Ceaușescu ( , ; – 25 December 1989) was a Romanian communist politician and dictator. He was the general secretary of the Romanian Communist Party from 1965 to 1989, and the second and last Communist leader of Romania. He was also the country's head of state from 1967, serving as President of the State Council and from 1974 concurrently as President of the Republic, until his overthrow and execution in the Romanian Revolution in December 1989, part of a series of anti-Communist uprisings in Eastern Europe that year. Born in 1918 in Scornicești, Ceaușescu was a member of the Romanian Communist youth movement. Ceaușescu rose up through the ranks of Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej's Socialist government and, upon Gheorghiu-Dej's death in 1965, he succeeded to the leadership of the Romanian Communist Party as general secretary. Upon his rise to power, he eased press censorship and openly condemned the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in his speech on 21 August ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Socialist Republic Of Romania
The Socialist Republic of Romania ( ro, Republica Socialistă România, RSR) was a Marxist–Leninist one-party socialist state that existed officially in Romania from 1947 to 1989. From 1947 to 1965, the state was known as the Romanian People's Republic (, RPR). The country was an Eastern Bloc state and a member of the Warsaw Pact with a dominant role for the Romanian Communist Party enshrined in its constitutions. Geographically, RSR was bordered by the Black Sea to the east, the Soviet Union (via the Ukrainian and Moldavian SSRs) to the north and east, Hungary and Yugoslavia (via SR Serbia) to the west, and Bulgaria to the south. As World War II ended, Romania, a former Axis member which had overthrown the Axis, was occupied by the Soviet Union, the sole representative of the Allies. On 6 March 1945, after mass demonstrations by communist sympathizers and political pressure from the Soviet representative of the Allied Control Commission, a new pro-Soviet government that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elena Ceaușescu
Elena Ceaușescu (; ; 7 January 1916 – 25 December 1989) was a Romanian communist politician who was the wife of Nicolae Ceaușescu, General Secretary of the Romanian Communist Party and leader of the Socialist Republic of Romania. She was also the Deputy Prime Minister of Romania. Background She was born Lenuța Petrescu into a peasant family in Petrești commune, Dâmbovița County, in the historical region of Wallachia. Her father worked as a ploughman. She was able to acquire only an elementary school level education. After elementary school, she moved along with her brother to Bucharest, where she worked as a laboratory assistant before finding employment in a textile factory. She joined the Bucharest branch of the Romanian Communist Party in 1939 and met 21-year-old Nicolae Ceaușescu. Ceaușescu was instantly attracted to her which, reportedly, made him never look at another woman in a romantic manner. Their relationship was interrupted by Ceaușescu's frequent stints in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Valentin Ceaușescu
Valentin Ceaușescu (born 17 February 1948) is a Romanian physicist. He is the eldest and only surviving child of former communist President Nicolae Ceaușescu and his wife, Elena. Biography Early life and education Valentin Ceaușescu was born in Bucharest on 17 February 1948, less than two months after the establishment of the Romanian People's Republic. His father, future President Nicolae Ceaușescu, was an active member of the Romanian Workers' Party, earning himself various political and military positions; he was the country's Minister of Agriculture at the time Valentin was born. His mother was Elena Ceaușescu (''née'' Petrescu). He had two siblings: Zoia, born in 1949, and Nicu, born in 1951. Unlike many other members of his family, including his younger brother, Nicu, Valentin was not involved in politics. After graduating in 1965 from the Dr. Petru Groza High School, he enrolled in the Faculty of Physics of the University of Bucharest. In 1967, he decided t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zoia Ceaușescu
Zoia Ceaușescu (; 28 February 1949 – 20 November 2006) was a Romanian mathematician, the daughter of Communist leader Nicolae Ceaușescu and his wife, Elena. She was also known as Tovarășa Zoia (comrade Zoia). Biography Zoia Ceaușescu studied at High School nr. 24 (now Jean Monnet High School) in Bucharest and graduated in 1966. She then continued her studies at the Faculty of Mathematics, University of Bucharest. She received her Ph.D. in 1977 with thesis ''On Intertwining Dilations'' written under the direction of Ciprian Foias. Ceaușescu then worked as a researcher at the Institute of Mathematics of the Romanian Academy in Bucharest. Her field of specialization was functional analysis. Allegedly, her parents were unhappy with their daughter's choice of doing research in mathematics, so the Institute was disbanded in 1975. She moved on to work for Institutul pentru Creație Științifică și Tehnică (INCREST, Institute for Scientific and Technical Creativity), where s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nicu Ceaușescu
Nicu Ceaușescu (; 1 September 1951 – 26 September 1996) was a Romanian physicist and communist politician who was the youngest child of Romanian leaders Nicolae and Elena Ceaușescu. He was a close associate of his father's political regime and considered the President's heir presumptive. Life during communism According to Ion Mihai Pacepa, Ceaușescu wanted Nicu to become his Foreign Minister and for that, he instructed two high-ranked Party members, Ștefan Andrei and Cornel Pacoste (whom he considered brilliant communist intellectuals) to take care of Nicu's education; Pacepa further claimed that, unlike his older siblings, he disliked school and was allegedly derided by them for never being seen reading a book.Ion Mihai Pacepa (1990) ''Red Horizons: The True Story of Nicolae and Elena Ceaușescus' Crimes, Lifestyle, and Corruption'', Regnery Publishing, Inc. pp. 62–63. . He graduated from Liceul no. 24 (now named Jean Monnet High School) and then studied physics at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marin Ceaușescu
Marin Ceaușescu (2 February 1916 – 28 December 1989) was a Romanian economist and diplomat, the older brother of Communist Romania's President Nicolae Ceaușescu. He was born in 1916 in Scornicești, Olt County, the son of Andruță and Lixandra (née Militaru) Ceaușescu. After completing 4 years of school, he decided not to pursue his studies, but to help instead his parents with the farm work. In 1935 he joined the Romanian Communist Party. He later graduated from the Academy of Economic Studies in Bucharest. Starting in 1974, Ceaușescu headed the Romanian Economic Agency in Vienna. He was believed to have been the conduit through whom Nicolae transferred millions of United States dollars into Swiss bank accounts.Bruce W. Nelan"Rumania Unfinished Revolution" in ''Time'', January 8, 1990 He was found hanged in the basement of the Romanian Embassy in Vienna, three days after his brother was executed in the Romanian Revolution of December 1989. It was ruled a suicide by pol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ilie Ceaușescu
Ilie Ceaușescu (8 June 1926 – 1 October 2002) was a Romanian army general and communist politician who was Deputy Defence Minister of Communist Romania during the rule of his older brother, Nicolae Ceaușescu. Ilie's military and political career was helped by Nicolae; between 1980 and 1989, he was a member of the Central Committee of the Romanian Communist Party, and, in 1982-1989, he was Deputy Minister of Defense. Ilie Ceaușescu was also a historian, and he influenced Nicolae in establishing protochronism as Romania's official historiography and an important part of the national propaganda system. For instance, he claimed that the Romanian people have been always the same since time immemorial, being very little influenced by other people (Romans, Slavs, Mongols) etc.: After the Romanian Revolution and the execution of Nicolae Ceaușescu, in 1990 it was claimed that both Ilie Ceaușescu and Marin Ceaușescu was involved in a series of transactions between the United States ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ceaușescu Family
Nicolae Ceaușescu, who led Romania from 1965 to 1989, served as General Secretary of the Romanian Communist Party. Ceaușescu had a large family, several members of which wielded influence in Communist Romania. Below are given outlines of his immediate family members' lives, with links to those who have separate articles about them. Nicolae's father was Andruță Ceaușescu (1886–1969), the descendant of a family of shepherds from Polovragi, in Gorj County."La taifas - Nepotul..." Andruță owned a modest house in Scornicești, Olt County. A supporter of Ion Mihalache and the Peasants' Party, he was for a while mayor of Scornicești. After the fall and execution of Nicolae, some people from Scornicești claimed Andruță used to beat his wife and children,"Clanul - Arborele genealogic..." while the Romanian media alleged that he was an alcoholic. Nicolae's mother was Alexandrina (''née'' Lixandra) (1888–1977), descendant of an officer in Tudor Vladimirescu's army. She was a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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