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Caucasian Honey Bee
The Caucasian honey bee (''Apis mellifera caucasia'', commonly misspelled ''caucasica'') is a subspecies of the western honey bee. Origin The Caucasian honey bee originates from the high valleys of the Central Caucasus. Georgia is the “central homeland” for the subspecies, although the bees also can be found in eastern Turkey, Armenia and Azerbaijan. Anatomy and appearance * Shape and size: similar to ''A. m. carnica'' * Chitin color: dark with brown spots at times * Hair color: lead-grey * Tongue length: up to 7.3 mm Behavior Beneficial for beekeeping * Gentle and calm on the comb * Longest proboscis, so it can extract nectar from the deepest nectar tissues, where no other species can * Ardent brood production – raising strong colonies * Colonies reach full strength in mid-summer, which is good for areas where the highest nectar flow is in mid-summer * Very great user of propolis * In its native area a better honey producer than the European dark bee Not beneficial ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Journal Of Hymenoptera Research
The ''Journal of Hymenoptera Research'' is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering systematics, taxonomy, and ecology of Hymenoptera. It was established in 1992, and transferred to publishing with Pensoft Publishers in 2011, under an open access system. According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 1.733. References External links * {{Official website, https://jhr.pensoft.net/ ''Journal of Hymenoptera Research''at the Biodiversity Heritage Library The Biodiversity Heritage Library (BHL) is the world’s largest open access digital library for biodiversity literature and archives. BHL operates as worldwide consortiumof natural history, botanical, research, and national libraries working toge ... Entomology journals and magazines Publications established in 1992 English-language journals Creative Commons Attribution-licensed journals Pensoft Publishers academic journals Academic journals associated with learned and professional ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grayanotoxin
Grayanotoxins are a group of closely related neurotoxins named after '' Leucothoe grayana'', a plant native to Japan originally named for 19th century American botanist Asa Gray. Grayanotoxin I (grayanotaxane-3,5,6,10,14,16-hexol 14-acetate) is also known as andromedotoxin, acetylandromedol, rhodotoxin and asebotoxin. Grayanotoxins are produced by ''Rhododendron'' species and other plants in the family Ericaceae. Honey made from the nectar and so containing pollen of these plants also contains grayanotoxins and is commonly referred to as mad honey. Consumption of the plant or any of its secondary products, including mad honey, can cause a rare poisonous reaction called grayanotoxin poisoning, mad honey disease, honey intoxication, or rhododendron poisoning. It is most frequently produced and consumed in regions of Nepal and Turkey as a recreational drug and traditional medicine. Origin Grayanotoxins are produced by plants in the family Ericaceae, specifically members of the gener ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sunday Mirror
The ''Sunday Mirror'' is the Sunday sister paper of the ''Daily Mirror''. It began life in 1915 as the ''Sunday Pictorial'' and was renamed the ''Sunday Mirror'' in 1963. In 2016 it had an average weekly circulation of 620,861, dropping markedly to 505,508 the following year. Competing closely with other papers, in July 2011, on the second weekend after the closure of the ''News of the World'', more than 2,000,000 copies sold, the highest level since January 2000. History ''Sunday Pictorial'' (1915–1963) The paper launched as the ''Sunday Pictorial'' on 14 March 1915. Lord Rothermere – who owned the paper – introduced the ''Sunday Pictorial'' to the British public with the idea of striking a balance between socially responsible reporting of great issues of the day and sheer entertainment. Although the newspaper has gone through many refinements in its near 100-year history those original core values are still in place today. Ever since 1915, the paper has continually ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proboscis
A proboscis () is an elongated appendage from the head of an animal, either a vertebrate or an invertebrate. In invertebrates, the term usually refers to tubular mouthparts used for feeding and sucking. In vertebrates, a proboscis is an elongated nose or snout. Etymology First attested in English in 1609 from Latin , the latinisation of the Ancient Greek (), which comes from () 'forth, forward, before' + (), 'to feed, to nourish'. The plural as derived from the Greek is , but in English the plural form ''proboscises'' occurs frequently. Invertebrates The most common usage is to refer to the tubular feeding and sucking organ of certain invertebrates such as insects (e.g., moths, butterflies, and mosquitoes), worms (including Acanthocephala, proboscis worms) and gastropod molluscs. Acanthocephala The Acanthocephala or thorny-headed worms, or spiny-headed worms are characterized by the presence of an eversible proboscis, armed with spines, which it uses to pierce and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Georgia (country)
Georgia (, ; ) is a transcontinental country at the intersection of Eastern Europe and Western Asia. It is part of the Caucasus region, bounded by the Black Sea to the west, by Russia to the north and northeast, by Turkey to the southwest, by Armenia to the south, and by Azerbaijan to the southeast. The country covers an area of , and has a population of 3.7 million people. Tbilisi is its capital as well as its largest city, home to roughly a third of the Georgian population. During the classical era, several independent kingdoms became established in what is now Georgia, such as Colchis and Iberia. In the early 4th century, ethnic Georgians officially adopted Christianity, which contributed to the spiritual and political unification of the early Georgian states. In the Middle Ages, the unified Kingdom of Georgia emerged and reached its Golden Age during the reign of King David IV and Queen Tamar in the 12th and early 13th centuries. Thereafter, the kingdom decl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Benton Frank
Frank Benton (July 5, 1852 – February 28, 1919) was an American entomologist, researcher, beekeeping innovator and author. Benton was born in Coldwater, Michigan and obtained his BSc. and M.Sc. from Michigan Agricultural College. He later studied at the University of Tennessee, the University of Munich, and the University of Athens. He was a member of various organizations: Bureau of Entomology in the United States Department of Agriculture, Entomological Society of Washington, North American Beekeepers Association, National Geographic Society and the American Association for the Advancement of Science. He is also known for invention of special mailing cage for shipping queen bees ( Benton Cage). Benton is the author of two books, ''Bee-Keeping'' and ''The Honey Bee'' (1896). Benton traveled to Palestine "to investigate the bee industry, and as a result of his efforts there is now in this country a particular strain of bees known as Holy Land bees, which are scattered wid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frank Benton And Georgian Entomologist Ilarion Kavtaradze%2C Circa 1905%2C Georgia
Frank or Franks may refer to: People * Frank (given name) * Frank (surname) * Franks (surname) * Franks, a medieval Germanic people * Frank, a term in the Muslim world for all western Europeans, particularly during the Crusades - see Farang Currency * Liechtenstein franc or frank, the currency of Liechtenstein since 1920 * Swiss franc or frank, the currency of Switzerland since 1850 * Westphalian frank, currency of the Kingdom of Westphalia between 1808 and 1813 * The currencies of the German-speaking cantons of Switzerland (1803–1814): ** Appenzell frank ** Argovia frank ** Basel frank ** Berne frank ** Fribourg frank ** Glarus frank ** Graubünden frank ** Luzern frank ** Schaffhausen frank ** Schwyz frank ** Solothurn frank ** St. Gallen frank ** Thurgau frank ** Unterwalden frank ** Uri frank ** Zürich frank Places * Frank, Alberta, Canada, an urban community, formerly a village * Franks, Illinois, United States, an unincorporated community * Franks, Missouri, Uni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Imidacloprid
Imidacloprid is a systemic insecticide belonging to a class of chemicals called the neonicotinoids which act on the central nervous system of insects. The chemical works by interfering with the transmission of stimuli in the insect nervous system. Specifically, it causes a blockage of the nicotinergic neuronal pathway. By blocking nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, imidacloprid prevents acetylcholine from transmitting impulses between nerves, resulting in the insect's paralysis and eventual death. It is effective on contact and via stomach action. Because imidacloprid binds much more strongly to insect neuron receptors than to mammal neuron receptors, this insecticide is more toxic to insects than to mammals. From 1999 through , imidacloprid was the most widely used insecticide in the world. Although it is now off patent, the primary manufacturer of this chemical is Bayer CropScience (part of Bayer AG). It is sold under many names for many uses; it can be applied by soil injection ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mad Honey
Grayanotoxins are a group of closely related neurotoxins named after '' Leucothoe grayana'', a plant native to Japan originally named for 19th century American botanist Asa Gray. Grayanotoxin I (grayanotaxane-3,5,6,10,14,16-hexol 14-acetate) is also known as andromedotoxin, acetylandromedol, rhodotoxin and asebotoxin. Grayanotoxins are produced by ''Rhododendron'' species and other plants in the family Ericaceae. Honey made from the nectar and so containing pollen of these plants also contains grayanotoxins and is commonly referred to as mad honey. Consumption of the plant or any of its secondary products, including mad honey, can cause a rare poisonous reaction called grayanotoxin poisoning, mad honey disease, honey intoxication, or rhododendron poisoning. It is most frequently produced and consumed in regions of Nepal and Turkey as a recreational drug and traditional medicine. Origin Grayanotoxins are produced by plants in the family Ericaceae, specifically members of the gener ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhododendron Ponticum
''Rhododendron ponticum'', called common rhododendron or pontic rhododendron, is a species of ''Rhododendron'' native to the Iberian Peninsula in southwest Europe and the Caucasus region in northern West Asia. Description ''R. ponticum'' is a dense, suckering shrub or small tree growing to tall, rarely . The leaves are evergreen, long and wide. The flowers are in diameter, violet-purple, often with small greenish-yellow spots or streaks. The fruit is a dry capsule long, containing numerous small seeds. It has two subspecies: *''R. p. baeticum'' (Boiss. & Reut.) Hand.-Mazz. – Found in central and southern Portugal and southern Spain (in the Province of Cádiz). *''R. p. ponticum'' – Found around the southern Black Sea Basin (eastern Bulgaria, northern Turkey, Georgia, Northern Caucasus) and central Lebanon. And a variegated variety: *''R. p. var. heterophyllum'' R. Ansin – Found in Turkey. Distribution and habitat The species has two disjunct populations, one in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Western Honey Bee
The western honey bee or European honey bee (''Apis mellifera'') is the most common of the 7–12 species of honey bees worldwide. The genus name ''Apis'' is Latin for "bee", and ''mellifera'' is the Latin for "honey-bearing" or "honey carrying", referring to the species' production of honey. Like all honey bee species, the western honey bee is eusocial, creating colonies with a single fertile female (or "queen"), many normally non-reproductive females or "workers", and a small proportion of fertile males or " drones". Individual colonies can house tens of thousands of bees. Colony activities are organized by complex communication between individuals, through both pheromones and the dance language. The western honey bee was one of the first domesticated insects, and it is the primary species maintained by beekeepers to this day for both its honey production and pollination activities. With human assistance, the western honey bee now occupies every continent except Antarctica. W ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diseases Of The Honeybee
Diseases of the honey bee or abnormal hive conditions include: Pests and parasites ''Varroa'' mites ''Varroa destructor'' and ''V. jacobsoni'' are parasitic mites that feed on the fat bodies of adult, pupal and larval bees. When the hive is very heavily infested, ''Varroa'' mites can be seen with the naked eye as a small red or brown spot on the bee's thorax. ''Varroa'' mites are carriers for many viruses that are damaging to bees. For example, bees infected during their development will often have visibly deformed wings. ''Varroa'' mites have led to the virtual elimination of feral bee colonies in many areas, and are a major problem for kept bees in apiaries. Some feral populations are now recovering—it appears they have been naturally selected for ''Varroa'' resistance. ''Varroa'' mites were first discovered in Southeast Asia in about 1904, but are now present on all continents except Australia. They were discovered in the United States in 1987, in New Zealand in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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