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Cattamarra Coal Measures
The Cattamarra Coal Measures is an Early Jurassic geological unit in Western Australia. Description They are part of the Perth Basin, and are a sequence of non-marine, probably fluvial sandstones, shales and silts including bituminous coal, and are up to 300 m thick. The Cattamarra Coal Measures conformably overly the Eneabba Formation. The Cattamarra Coal Measures constitute an unconventional tight gas reservoir. There are well preserved fossil insects from the Jurassic age in the deposit. See also * Toarcian turnover * Toarcian formations ** Marne di Monte Serrone, Italy ** Calcare di Sogno, Italy ** Sachrang Formation, Austria ** Posidonia Shale, Lagerstätte in Germany ** Ciechocinek Formation, Germany and Poland ** Krempachy Marl Formation, Poland and Slovakia ** Lava Formation, Lithuania ** Azilal Group, North Africa ** Whitby Mudstone, England ** Fernie Formation, Alberta and British Columbia *** Poker Chip Shale ** Whiteaves Formation, British Columbia ** Nav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geological Formation
A geological formation, or simply formation, is a body of rock having a consistent set of physical characteristics ( lithology) that distinguishes it from adjacent bodies of rock, and which occupies a particular position in the layers of rock exposed in a geographical region (the stratigraphic column). It is the fundamental unit of lithostratigraphy, the study of strata or rock layers. A formation must be large enough that it can be mapped at the surface or traced in the subsurface. Formations are otherwise not defined by the thickness of their rock strata, which can vary widely. They are usually, but not universally, tabular in form. They may consist of a single lithology (rock type), or of alternating beds of two or more lithologies, or even a heterogeneous mixture of lithologies, so long as this distinguishes them from adjacent bodies of rock. The concept of a geologic formation goes back to the beginnings of modern scientific geology. The term was used by Abraham Gottlob Wer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unconventional (oil & Gas) Reservoir
Unconventional (oil & gas) reservoirs, or unconventional resources (resource plays) are accumulations where oil & gas phases are tightly bound to the rock fabric by strong capillary forces, requiring specialised measures for evaluation and extraction. Conventional reservoir Oil and gas are generated naturally at depths of around 4 or 5 kms below Earth’s surface. Being lighter than the water, which saturates rocks below the water table, the oil and gas percolate up through aquifer pathways towards Earth's surface (through time) by buoyancy. Some of the oil and gas percolate all the way to the surface as natural seepages, either on land or on the sea floor. The rest remain trapped underground where the oil and gas are prevented from reaching the surface by geological barriers, in a range of trap geometries. In this way, underground pockets of oil & gas accumulate by displacing water in porous rock, which, if permeable, are referred to as ''conventional reservoirs''. A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Azilal Group
The Azilal Formation (historically Toundute Continental Series and Wazzant Formation)Known wholly in the past by the current sub-unit terms ''Toundute Continental Series'' and ''The Wazzant Formation'' is a geological unit in the Azilal and Ouarzazate provinces of the High Atlas mountains of Morocco. It covers the Latest Pliensbachian to early Aalenian stages of the Jurassic period. It is a terrestrial deposit that overlies marine dolomites of equivalent age to the Budoš Limestone of Montenegro or the Marne di Monte Serrone of Italy. Dinosaur remains, such as the sauropod ''Tazoudasaurus'' and the basal ceratosaur '' Berberosaurus'' are known from the unit, along with several undescribed genera. The units in the group have been considered individual in the past, a division of the so-called "couches rouges" (red layers), and subdivided by a supposed geological scale. The strata of the group extend toward the Central High Atlas, covering different anticlines and topographic accid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lava Formation
The Lava Formation is a Mesozoic geologic formation in Lithuania and Kaliningrad, being either the sister or the same unit as the Ciechocinek Formation. It represents the outcrop of Lower Toarcian layers in the Baltic Syncline and in the Lithuanian-Polish Syneclise (C8-borehole in Gdańsk Bay). It is known by the presence of Miospores and Pollen, as well Plant remains. The formation contains grey, greenish, and dark grey silt and clay with interealatians and lenses of fine-grained sand, pyritic concretions and plant remains (carbonised wood fragments). The Jotvingiai Group Toarcian deposits represent deposits laid down in fresh water and brackish basins, possibly lagoons or coastal plain lakes. The Bartoszyce IG 1 of the Ciechocinek Formation shows how at the initial phase of the Toarcian there was a regional transgression in the Baltic Syncline, indicated by greenish-grey mudstones, heteroliths and fine-grained sandstones with abundant plant fossils and plant roots, what indica ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Krempachy Marl Formation
The Krempachy Marl Formation is a geological formation in Poland and Slovakia, dating to about 179 million years ago, and covering the middle Toarcian stage of the Jurassic Period.Birkenmajer, K. 1977. Jurassic and Cretaceous lithostratigraphic units of the Pieniny Klippen Belt, Carpathians, Poland. Studia Geologica Polonica 45: 1–158 It is among the most important formations of the Toarcian boundary on the Carpathian realm, being the regional equivalent of the Posidonia Shale.Tyszka, J. A. R. O. S. Ł. A. W. (2001). Microfossil assemblages as bathymetric indicators of the Toarcian/Aalenian “Fleckenmergel”-facies in the Carpathian Pieniny Klippen Belt. Geologica Carpathica, 52(3), 147-158. The formation has been considered as following the model of the Fleckenmergel Marl, without macroscopic paleodepths implicated on the processes. The facies of the formation developed on the Pieniny Klippen Basin, being influenced by the widespread of the Late Liassic Tethys. The formati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ciechocinek Formation
The Ciechocinek Formation (also known as the Gryfice Formation at Suliszewo), formerly known in Germany as the Green Series (German: ''Grüne Serie'') is a Jurassic (lower Toarcian) geologic formation that extends across the Baltic coast, from Grimmen, Germany, to Lithuania, with its major sequence in Poland and a few boreholes in Kaliningrad. It is mostly known by its diverse entomofauna, composed of more than 150 species of different groups of insects, as well its marine vertebrate fossils, including remains of sharks, actinopterygians and marine reptiles, along terrestrial remains of dinosaurs, including the early thyreophoran ''Emausaurus'' and others not yet assigned to a definite genus. Its exposures are mostly derived from active clay mining of a dislocated glacial raft with exposed Upper Pliensbachian to late Toarcian shallow-marine sediments. Starting with coarse and fine sand deposits with concretions, the pure clay of the Ciechocinek Formation, after the falciferum zon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lagerstätte
A Lagerstätte (, from ''Lager'' 'storage, lair' '' Stätte'' 'place'; plural ''Lagerstätten'') is a sedimentary deposit that exhibits extraordinary fossils with exceptional preservation—sometimes including preserved soft tissues. These formations may have resulted from carcass burial in an anoxic environment with minimal bacteria, thus delaying the decomposition of both gross and fine biological features until long after a durable impression was created in the surrounding matrix. ''Lagerstätten'' span geological time from the Neoproterozoic era to the present. Worldwide, some of the best examples of near-perfect fossilization are the Cambrian Maotianshan shales and Burgess Shale, the Silurian Waukesha Biota, the Devonian Hunsrück Slates and Gogo Formation, the Carboniferous Mazon Creek, the Jurassic Posidonia Shale and Solnhofen Limestone, the Cretaceous Yixian, Santana, and Agua Nueva formations, the Eocene Green River Formation, the Miocene Foulden Maar and Ashfall F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Posidonia Shale
The Posidonia Shale (german: Posidonienschiefer, also called Schistes Bitumineux in Luxembourg) geologically known as the Sachrang Formation, is an Early Jurassic (Toarcian) geological formation of southwestern and northeast Germany, northern Switzerland, northwestern Austria, southern Luxembourg and the Netherlands, including exceptionally well-preserved complete skeletons of fossil marine fish and reptiles.W. Etter and O. Kuhn. 2000. An articulated dragonfly (Insecta, Odonata) from the Upper Liassic Posidonia Shale of Northern Switzerland. Palaeontology 43:967-977Henrotay, M., Marques, D., Paicheler, J. C., Gall, J. C., & Nel, A. (1998). Le Toarcien inférieur des régions de Bascharage et de Bettembourg (Grand-Duché du Luxembourg): évidences paléontologiques et sédimentologiques d'environnements restreints proches de l'émersion. Geodiversitas, 20(2), 263-284. The ''Posidonienschiefer'', as German paleontologists call it, takes its name from the ubiquitous fossils of the oyst ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sachrang Formation
The Posidonia Shale (german: Posidonienschiefer, also called Schistes Bitumineux in Luxembourg) geologically known as the Sachrang Formation, is an Early Jurassic (Toarcian) geological formation of southwestern and northeast Germany, northern Switzerland, northwestern Austria, southern Luxembourg and the Netherlands, including exceptionally well-preserved complete skeletons of fossil marine fish and reptiles.W. Etter and O. Kuhn. 2000. An articulated dragonfly (Insecta, Odonata) from the Upper Liassic Posidonia Shale of Northern Switzerland. Palaeontology 43:967-977Henrotay, M., Marques, D., Paicheler, J. C., Gall, J. C., & Nel, A. (1998). Le Toarcien inférieur des régions de Bascharage et de Bettembourg (Grand-Duché du Luxembourg): évidences paléontologiques et sédimentologiques d'environnements restreints proches de l'émersion. Geodiversitas, 20(2), 263-284. The ''Posidonienschiefer'', as German paleontologists call it, takes its name from the ubiquitous fossils of the oyst ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calcare Di Sogno
The Calcare di Sogno ("Sogno Limestone"; also known as the Sogno Formation) is a geological formation in Italy, dated to roughly between 183-181 million years ago and covering the Toarcian stages of the Jurassic Period in the Mesozoic Era.CARTA GEOLOGICA D’ITALIA 1:50.000 - CATALOGO DELLE FORMAZIONE. Formazione di Sogno.SERVIZIO GEOLOGICO - CONSIGLIO NAZIONALE DELLE RICERCHE - COMMISSIONE ITALIANA DI STRATIGRAFIA: http://www.isprambiente.gov.it/files/pubblicazioni/periodicitecnici/quaderni-sgi/quad7/form5.pdf Thallatosuchian remains are known from the formation. Description The formation is characterized by a disposition of regional deposition equivalent to the German Posidonia Shale, with a benthonic setting and deposition trends, mostly populated by marine fauna.GAETANI M. & POLIANI G. (1978) - Il Toarciano ed il Giurassico medio in Albenza (Bergamo). Riv. It. Pal. Strat., 84 (2): 349-382, 5 figg., 2 tavv., Milano. The environment of the formation was related to a marginal ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marne Di Monte Serrone
The Marne di Monte Serrone ("Monte Serrone Marl") is a geological formation in Italy, dating to roughly between 181 and 178 million years ago,Baldanza, 1989Sabatino et al., 2009 and covering the early and middle Toarcian stage of the Jurassic Period of central Italy. It is the regional equivalent to the Toarcian units of Spain such as the Turmiel Formation, units in Montenegro, such as the Budoš Limestone and units like the Wazzant Formation and the Azilal Formation of Morocco.Monaco, 1994 Description The Marne di Monte Serrone was first defined by Pialli in 1969.Pialli, 1969 The formation is characterised for be one of the most complete sections of the Toarcian paleobiographical strata around Europe.Palliani & Mattioli, 1994 It is also one of the best places on southern Europe where the strata shows the effects of the Lower Toarcian anoxic event (TAE). The formation also provides data about the changes after the Toarcian AE, with changes on the deposited micritic limestone ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
_2281.JPG "Click for more on -> Lava Formation")
