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Castañeda Doctrine
The Castañeda Doctrine is a term used as reference to Mexico's foreign policy during the presidency of Vicente Fox. Its name derives from its proponent, Jorge Castañeda Gutman. Fox appointed Castañeda to be his Secretary of Foreign Affairs In many countries, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs is the government department responsible for the state's diplomacy, bilateral, and multilateral relations affairs as well as for providing support for a country's citizens who are abroad. The entit ... at the beginning of his term. Castañeda immediately broke with the old-style foreign policy, known as the Estrada Doctrine. The new foreign policy called for an openness and an acceptance of criticism from the international community and the increase of Mexican involvement in foreign affairs. However, after a series of foreign policy blunders, such as Mexico's temporary rift with Cuba and criticism from many other Latin American countries such as Argentina and Venezuela for adopting a pro-US s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mexico
Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico. Mexico covers ,Mexico ''''. . making it the world's 13th-largest country by are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vicente Fox
Vicente Fox Quesada (; born 2 July 1942) is a Mexican businessman and politician who served as the 62nd president of Mexico from 1 December 2000 to 30 November 2006. After campaigning as a Right-wing populism, right-wing populist, Fox was elected president on the National Action Party (Mexico), National Action Party (PAN) ticket in the 2000 Mexican general election, 2000 election. He became the first president not from the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) since 1929, and the first elected from an opposition party since Francisco I. Madero in 1911. Fox won the election with 42 percent of the vote. As president, he continued the Neoliberalism, neoliberal economic policies that his predecessors from the PRI had adopted since the 1980s. The first half of his administration saw a further shift of the federal government to the right, strong relations with the United States and George W. Bush, unsuccessful attempts to introduce a value-added tax to medicines and to build an air ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jorge Castañeda Gutman
Jorge Castañeda Gutman (born May 24, 1953) is a Mexican politician and academic who served as Secretary of Foreign Affairs (2000–2003). He also authored more than a dozen books, including a biography of Che Guevara, and he regularly contributes to newspapers such as ''Reforma'' (Mexico), ''El País'' (Spain), ''Los Angeles Times'' (USA) and ''Newsweek'' magazine. He was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 2008. Early life and education Castañeda was born in Mexico City. His father was Jorge Castañeda y Álvarez de la Rosa who served as Secretary of Foreign Affairs (1979–1982), during the administration of José López Portillo. He received the French Baccalauréat from the Lycée Franco-Mexicain in Mexico City. He graduated with an AB in history from Princeton University in 1973 after completing a 241-page long senior thesis titled "The Movement of the Revolutionary Left in Chile: 1965-1972." Then after receiving his PhD in Economic History from th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Secretary Of Foreign Affairs (Mexico)
The Secretary of Foreign Affairs ( es, Secretario de Relaciones Exteriores) is the foreign secretary of Mexico, responsible for implementing the country's foreign policy. The secretary is appointed by the President of Mexico to head the Secretariat of Foreign Affairs ( es, links=no, Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores) and is a member of the federal executive cabinet. The Secretary is commonly referred to as ''Canciller'' (Spanish for ''Chancellor'') in Mexico. The Secretary of Foreign Affairs is Marcelo Ebrard. List of Secretaries of Exterior Relations *Ignacio Mariscal 1880–1883, 1885–1910 *Enrique Creel 1910–1911 *Francisco León de la Barra 1911, 1913 *Victoriano Salado Álvarez 1911 * Bartolomé Carvajal y Rosas 1911 * Manuel Calero y Sierra 1911–1912 * Pedro Lascuráin Paredes 1912–1913 *Federico Gamboa Iglesias 1913 * Francisco Escudero 1913 * Querido Moheno Tabares 1913–1914 * José López Portillo y Rojas 1914 * Francisco S. Carvajal 1914 * Ignacio Borreg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Estrada Doctrine
The Estrada Doctrine is the name of Mexico's core foreign policy ideal from 1930 to the early 2000s, and again since 2018. Its name derives from Genaro Estrada, Secretary of Foreign Affairs during the presidency of Pascual Ortiz Rubio (1930–1932). The doctrine was the most influential and representative instrument in the country's foreign policy for 70 years. It claims that foreign governments should not judge positively or negatively the governments or changes in government of other states, as such an action would imply a breach of state sovereignty. The policy was said to be based on the principles of non-intervention, peaceful resolution of disputes and self-determination of all nations. Background On September 12, 1931, Mexico was admitted to the League of Nations. That was a significant event as it had not been invited since the creation of the intergovernmental organization once the First World War ended, which can be attributed mainly to some unsolved problems between ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Politics Of Mexico
The politics of Mexico take place in a framework of a federal presidential representative democratic republic whose government is based on a congressional system, whereby the President of Mexico is both head of state and head of government, and of a multi-party system. The federal government represents the United Mexican States and is divided into three branches: executive, legislative and judicial, as established by the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States, published in 1917. The constituent states of the federation must also have a republican form of government based on a congressional system as established by their respective constitutions. The executive power is exercised by the executive branch, which is headed by the President, advised by a cabinet of secretaries that are independent of the legislature. Legislative power is vested upon the Congress of the Union, a two-chamber legislature comprising the Senate of the Republic and the Chamber of Deputies. Ju ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Foreign Policy Doctrines
A foreign policy doctrine is a general statement of foreign policy and belief system through a doctrine. In some cases, the statement is made by a political leader, typically a nation’s chief executive or chief diplomat, and comes to be named after that leader. Richard Nixon’s justification for the phased withdrawal of the United States from the Vietnam War, for example, came to be called the Nixon Doctrine. This pattern of naming is not universal, however; Chinese doctrines, for example, are often referred to by number. The purpose of a foreign policy doctrine is to provide general rules for the conduct of foreign policy through decisions on international relations. These rules allow the political leadership of a nation to deal with a situation and to explain the actions of a nation to other nations. “Doctrine” is usually not meant to have any negative connotations; it is especially not to be confused with “dogma.” Argentina * Calvo Doctrine * Drago Doctrine Denma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
