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Castalius Fluvialis
''Castalius'' is a butterfly genus in the family Lycaenidae. They are commonly known as Pierrots. This name is also often used for the very closely related genus '' Tarucus''. In fact, the delimitation of ''Castalius'' versus ''Tarucus'' is not yet fully resolved, with some species, such as the dark Pierrot (''T. ananda''), having been moved between the two genera repeatedly. Regardless of how this may turn out, the African species formerly placed in ''Castalius'' are now in '' Tuxentius'' (pied Pierrots) and '' Zintha'' (blue-eyed Pierrot), which are also very close relatives (in particular the former). Species Only four species are placed in ''Castalius'' nowadays. But as noted above, it may be that ''Tarucus'' and the present genus are eventually regarded as synonymous. In that case, the older name ''Castalius'' would again apply to the two dozen species in question.Brower (2008), and see references in Savela (2009) * ''Castalius clathratus ''Castalius'' is a butterfly genus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Common Pierrot
''Castalius rosimon'', the common Pierrot, is a small butterfly found in India that belongs to the lycaenids, or blues family. ] Distribution The species is found in Sri Lanka, India, Myanmar; Tenasserim, extending into the Malayan subregion. In the Indonesian archipelago the butterfly occurs in north-eastern Sumatra, Kalimantan, eastern Java, Bali, Bangka, Timor, Wetar, Kissar, Sumbawa and Sulawesi. In India the butterfly is found south of the outer ranges of the Himalayas, except in desert tracts; east India; the north-west Himalayas; Assam. The butterfly is also found in the Andaman Islands and the southern Nicobar Islands. Description Male The upperside of its wings is mainly white. Forewing has the costa, apex and termen edged with black, the edging much broader on apex and termen; base outwards for a short distance more or less densely overlaid. with metallic blue scales which cover and make indistinct a large basal outwardly clavate (club-shaped) black spot; a tr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tuxentius
''Tuxentius'' is a butterfly genus in the family Lycaenidae. They are commonly known as pied Pierrots or pies. Contained in this genus are the African species formerly placed in ''Castalius'', except the blue-eyed Pierrot (sometimes called blue pied Pierrot) which is separated in '' Zintha''.Brower (2008), and see references in Savela (2007) Species The members of genus ''Tuxentius'' are: * '' Tuxentius calice'' (Hopffer, 1855) – white Pierrot * '' Tuxentius carana'' (Hewitson, 1876) – forest pied Pierrot * '' Tuxentius cretosus'' (Butler, 1876) – savanna pied Pierrot * '' Tuxentius ertli'' (Aurivillius, 1907) – Ertli's Pierrot * '' Tuxentius gabrieli'' Balint, 1999 – Gabriel's Pierrot * '' Tuxentius hesperis'' (Vári, 1976) – western pie * '' Tuxentius kaffana'' (Talbot, 1935) * '' Tuxentius margaritaceus'' (Sharpe, 1892) – mountain pied Pierrot * '' Tuxentius melaena'' (Trimen, 1887) – dark pied Pierrot * '' Tuxentius stempfferi'' (Kielland, 1976) – Stempffer's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tree Of Life Web Project
The Tree of Life Web Project is an Internet project providing information about the diversity and phylogeny of life on Earth. This collaborative peer reviewed project began in 1995, and is written by biologists from around the world. The site has not been updated since 2011, however the pages are still accessible. The pages are linked hierarchically, in the form of the branching evolutionary tree of life, organized cladistically. Each page contains information about one particular group of organisms and is organized according to a branched tree-like form, thus showing hypothetical relationships between different groups of organisms. In 2009 the project ran into funding problems from the University of Arizona. Pages and Treehouses submitted took a considerably longer time to be approved as they were being reviewed by a small group of volunteers, and apparently, around 2011, all activities ended. History The idea of this project started in the late 1980s. David Maddison was wor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Castalius Rosimon
''Castalius rosimon'', the common Pierrot, is a small butterfly found in India that belongs to the lycaenids, or blues family. ] Distribution The species is found in Sri Lanka, India, Myanmar; Tenasserim, extending into the Malayan subregion. In the Indonesian archipelago the butterfly occurs in north-eastern Sumatra, Kalimantan, eastern Java, Bali, Bangka, Timor, Wetar, Kissar, Sumbawa and Sulawesi. In India the butterfly is found south of the outer ranges of the Himalayas, except in desert tracts; east India; the north-west Himalayas; Assam. The butterfly is also found in the Andaman Islands and the southern Nicobar Islands. Description Male The upperside of its wings is mainly white. Forewing has the costa, apex and termen edged with black, the edging much broader on apex and termen; base outwards for a short distance more or less densely overlaid. with metallic blue scales which cover and make indistinct a large basal outwardly clavate (club-shaped) black spot; a tr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Castalius Fluvialis
''Castalius'' is a butterfly genus in the family Lycaenidae. They are commonly known as Pierrots. This name is also often used for the very closely related genus '' Tarucus''. In fact, the delimitation of ''Castalius'' versus ''Tarucus'' is not yet fully resolved, with some species, such as the dark Pierrot (''T. ananda''), having been moved between the two genera repeatedly. Regardless of how this may turn out, the African species formerly placed in ''Castalius'' are now in '' Tuxentius'' (pied Pierrots) and '' Zintha'' (blue-eyed Pierrot), which are also very close relatives (in particular the former). Species Only four species are placed in ''Castalius'' nowadays. But as noted above, it may be that ''Tarucus'' and the present genus are eventually regarded as synonymous. In that case, the older name ''Castalius'' would again apply to the two dozen species in question.Brower (2008), and see references in Savela (2009) * ''Castalius clathratus ''Castalius'' is a butterfly genus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Castalius Fasciatus
''Castalius'' is a butterfly genus in the family Lycaenidae. They are commonly known as Pierrots. This name is also often used for the very closely related genus '' Tarucus''. In fact, the delimitation of ''Castalius'' versus ''Tarucus'' is not yet fully resolved, with some species, such as the dark Pierrot (''T. ananda''), having been moved between the two genera repeatedly. Regardless of how this may turn out, the African species formerly placed in ''Castalius'' are now in ''Tuxentius'' (pied Pierrots) and '' Zintha'' (blue-eyed Pierrot), which are also very close relatives (in particular the former). Species Only four species are placed in ''Castalius'' nowadays. But as noted above, it may be that ''Tarucus'' and the present genus are eventually regarded as synonymous. In that case, the older name ''Castalius'' would again apply to the two dozen species in question.Brower (2008), and see references in Savela (2009) * ''Castalius clathratus'' (Holland, 891 Celebes * '' Castaliu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Castalius Clathratus
''Castalius'' is a butterfly genus in the family Lycaenidae. They are commonly known as Pierrots. This name is also often used for the very closely related genus '' Tarucus''. In fact, the delimitation of ''Castalius'' versus ''Tarucus'' is not yet fully resolved, with some species, such as the dark Pierrot (''T. ananda''), having been moved between the two genera repeatedly. Regardless of how this may turn out, the African species formerly placed in ''Castalius'' are now in '' Tuxentius'' (pied Pierrots) and '' Zintha'' (blue-eyed Pierrot), which are also very close relatives (in particular the former). Species Only four species are placed in ''Castalius'' nowadays. But as noted above, it may be that ''Tarucus'' and the present genus are eventually regarded as synonymous. In that case, the older name ''Castalius'' would again apply to the two dozen species in question.Brower (2008), and see references in Savela (2009) * '' Castalius clathratus'' (Holland, 891 Celebes * '' Casta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Synonym (biology)
The Botanical and Zoological Codes of nomenclature treat the concept of synonymy differently. * In botanical nomenclature, a synonym is a scientific name that applies to a taxon that (now) goes by a different scientific name. For example, Linnaeus was the first to give a scientific name (under the currently used system of scientific nomenclature) to the Norway spruce, which he called ''Pinus abies''. This name is no longer in use, so it is now a synonym of the current scientific name, ''Picea abies''. * In zoology, moving a species from one genus to another results in a different binomen, but the name is considered an alternative combination rather than a synonym. The concept of synonymy in zoology is reserved for two names at the same rank that refers to a taxon at that rank - for example, the name ''Papilio prorsa'' Linnaeus, 1758 is a junior synonym of ''Papilio levana'' Linnaeus, 1758, being names for different seasonal forms of the species now referred to as ''Araschnia leva ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. Other ways of defining species include their karyotype, DNA sequence, morphology, behaviour or ecological niche. In addition, paleontologists use the concept of the chronospecies since fossil reproduction cannot be examined. The most recent rigorous estimate for the total number of species of eukaryotes is between 8 and 8.7 million. However, only about 14% of these had been described by 2011. All species (except viruses) are given a two-part name, a "binomial". The first part of a binomial is the genus to which the species belongs. The second part is called the specific name or the specific epithet (in botanical nomenclature, also sometimes i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zintha
''Zintha'' is a butterfly genus in the family Lycaenidae. It is monotypic, with the only species being ''Zintha hintza'', the blue-eyed Pierrot, blue pied Pierrot or Hintza blue. The pied Pierrots proper are the closely related genus ''Tuxentius'', however, and like ''Zintha'' they were formerly included in ''Castalius''. Description The wingspan is 24–28 mm for males and 24–27 mm for females. Adults are on wing from September to April. Food plants The larvae feed on ''Ziziphus'' species, including '' Z. zeyheriana'' and '' Z. mucronata''. Distribution and subspecies This butterfly occurs in tropical eastern and southern Africa. Three subspecies are recognized:See references in Savela (2007) * ''Zintha hintza hintza'' (Trimen, 1864) – South Africa to Kenya, possibly Zaire * ''Zintha hintza krooni'' (Dickson, 1973) – Namibia and adjacent regions * ''Zintha hintza resplendens'' (Butler, 1876) – Ethiopia and adjacent regions Gallery Zintha_hintza_hintza,_wyfie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Africa
Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area and 20% of its land area.Sayre, April Pulley (1999), ''Africa'', Twenty-First Century Books. . With billion people as of , it accounts for about of the world's human population. Africa's population is the youngest amongst all the continents; the median age in 2012 was 19.7, when the worldwide median age was 30.4. Despite a wide range of natural resources, Africa is the least wealthy continent per capita and second-least wealthy by total wealth, behind Oceania. Scholars have attributed this to different factors including geography, climate, tribalism, colonialism, the Cold War, neocolonialism, lack of democracy, and corruption. Despite this low concentration of wealth, recent economic expansion and the large and young population make Afr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jacob Hübner
Jacob Hübner (20 June 1761 – 13 September 1826, in Augsburg) was a German entomologist. He was the author of ''Sammlung Europäischer Schmetterlinge'' (1796–1805), a founding work of entomology. Scientific career Hübner was the author of ''Sammlung Europäischer Schmetterlinge'' (1796–1805), a founding work of entomology. He was one of the first specialists to work on the European Lepidoptera. He described many new species, for example ''Sesia bembeciformis'' and ''Euchloe tagis'', many of them common. He also described many new genus, genera. He was a designer and engraver and from 1786 he worked for three years as a designer and engraver at a cotton factory in Ukraine. There he collected butterflies and moths including descriptions and illustrations of some in ''Beiträge zur Geschichte der Schmetterlinge'' (1786–1790) along with other new species from the countryside around his home in Augsburg. Hübner's masterwork "Tentamen" was intended as a discussion document. I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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