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Carinacea
The infraclassis Carinacea includes most living species of regular sea urchin, and fossil forms going back as far as the Triassic. Taxonomy List of orders according to World Register of Marine Species : * Super-order Calycina ** Order Phymosomatoida †** Order Salenioida * Super-order Echinacea ** Order '' Arbacioida'' (Gregory, 1900) ** Order '' Camarodonta'' (Jackson, 1912) ** Order '' Stomopneustoida'' (Kroh & Smith, 2010) ** Family '' Glyphopneustidae'' Smith & Wright, 1993 †* Family Hemicidaridae Wright, 1857 †* Family Orthopsidae Duncan, 1889 †* Family Pseudodiadematidae Pomel, 1883 †Image:Phymosoma.jpg, '' Phymosoma granulosum'' ( Phymosomatoida) Image:Salenocidaris hastigera.png, '' Salenocidaris hastigera'' (Salenioida) Image:Arbacia lixula (oursin noir).JPG, '' Arbacia lixula'' ( Arbacioida) Image:Paracentrotus lividus Banyuls.jpg, ''Paracentrotus lividus'' ( Camarodonta) Image:S. variolaris.jpg, '' Stomopneustes variolaris'' ( Stomopneustoida) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sea Urchin
Sea urchins () are spiny, globular echinoderms in the class Echinoidea. About 950 species of sea urchin live on the seabed of every ocean and inhabit every depth zone from the intertidal seashore down to . The spherical, hard shells (tests) of sea urchins are round and spiny, ranging in diameter from . Sea urchins move slowly, crawling with tube feet, and also propel themselves with their spines. Although algae are the primary diet, sea urchins also eat slow-moving (sessile) animals. Predators that eat sea urchins include a wide variety of fish, starfish, crabs, marine mammals. Sea urchins are also used as food especially in Japan. Adult sea urchins have fivefold symmetry, but their pluteus larvae feature bilateral (mirror) symmetry, indicating that the sea urchin belongs to the Bilateria group of animal phyla, which also comprises the chordates and the arthropods, the annelids and the molluscs, and are found in every ocean and in every climate, from the tropics to the pol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Echinacea (animal)
The Echinacea are a superorder of sea urchins. They are distinguished by the presence of a rigid test, with ten buccal plates around the mouth, and solid spines. Unlike some other sea urchins, they also possess gills. The group is a large one, with species found worldwide. Echinacea are part of Animalia (kingdom), Echinodermata (phylum), Echinozoa (subphylum), Echinoidea (class), Euechinoidea (subclass), Carinacea (infraclass). Child taxa According to World Register of Marine Species The World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) is a taxonomic database that aims to provide an authoritative and comprehensive list of names of marine organisms. Content The content of the registry is edited and maintained by scientific specialis ...: * Order Arbacioida (Gregory, 1900) -- 1 family and 2 fossiles * Order Camarodonta (Jackson, 1912) ** Infraorder Echinidea (Kroh & Smith, 2010) -- 5 families ** Infraorder Temnopleuridea (Kroh & Smith, 2010) -- 2 families and 2 fossiles * Orde ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paracentrotus Lividus
''Paracentrotus lividus'' is a species of sea urchin in the family Parechinidae commonly known as the purple sea urchin. It is the type species of the genus and occurs in the Mediterranean Sea and eastern Atlantic Ocean. Description ''Paracentrotus lividus'' has a circular, flattened greenish test with a diameter of up to seven centimetres. The test is densely clothed in long and sharply pointed spines that are usually purple but are occasionally other colours including dark brown, light brown and olive green. There are five or six pairs of pores on each ambulacral plate. The tube feet are in groups of 5 or 6, arranged in small arcs.Purple sea urchin - ''Paracentrotus lividus'' |
Hemicidaridae
''Hemicidaridae'' is a family of extinct sea urchins characterized by large, massive, club-shaped spines. These epifaunal grazer-deposit feeders lived in Jurassic and Cretaceous ages (from 189.6 to 112.6 Ma). Taxonomy List of genera and subfamilies: * Subfamily Hemicidarinae Wright, 1857 †:''Asterocidaris ''Asterocidaris'' is a genus of fossils sea urchins in the family Hemicidaridae. These epifaunal grazer-deposit feeders lived in the Middle and Upper Jurassic age (from 171.6 to 161.2 Ma). Species * ''Asterocidaris besairiei'' Lambert, 1936 †...'' Cotteau, 1859 †:'' Gymnocidaris'' L. Agassiz, 1838 †: '' Hemicidaris'' L. Agassiz, 1838 †* Subfamily Pseudocidarinae Smith & Wright, 1993 †:'' Cidaropsis'' Cotteau, 1863 †:'' Pseudocidaris'' Pomel, 1883 †:'' Gymnocidaris'' L. Agassiz, 1838 †: '' Hemicidaris (Sphaerotiaris)'' Lambert & Thiéry, 1914 †Distribution Fossils of species within this genus have been found in the Jurassic and Cretaceous ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hemicidaris Intermedia
''Hemicidaris'' is an extinct genus of echinoids that lived from the Middle Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous. Its remains have been found in Africa, Asia, and Europe. Sources * ''Fossils'' (Smithsonian Handbooks) by David Ward (Page 178) External links''Hemicidaris''in the Paleobiology Database The Paleobiology Database is an online resource for information on the distribution and classification of fossil animals, plants, and microorganisms. History The Paleobiology Database (PBDB) originated in the NCEAS-funded Phanerozoic Marine Pale ... Hemicidaroida Prehistoric echinoid genera Jurassic echinoderms Cretaceous echinoderms Prehistoric echinoderms of Africa Prehistoric echinoderms of Asia Prehistoric echinoderms of Europe Middle Jurassic genus first appearances Early Cretaceous genus extinctions Fossil taxa described in 1838 {{paleo-echinoidea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stomopneustes Variolaris
''Stomopneustes variolaris'', the black sea urchin or long-spined sea urchin, is a species of sea urchin, the only one in its genus ''Stomopneustes'' and only species still alive in its family Stomopneustidae. It is found throughout the tropical Indo-Pacific, with a patchy distribution. Description It is a rather big and strong regular sea urchin. The spines are robust and sharp, black with sometimes a blue-greenish tinge (depending on the light). They can be recognized thanks to the 5 grey sutures on the upper face, exhibiting distinctive zig-zag pattern. The oral face is clearer. The juveniles are clearer too (they can be black but also pale brown), and often show strikingly asymmetrical spines, due to their habit to use them for digging hiding holes in soft rocks. Image:S. variolaris.jpg, The five zig-zag sutures are visible. Image:Oursins.jpg, ''Stomopneustes variolaris'' in Réunion island (along with some ''Echinometra mathaei''). Image:Stomopneustes variolaris pla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arbacia Lixula
''Arbacia lixula'', the black sea urchin, is a species of sea urchin from Europe. Description It is a medium-sized sea urchin, characterized by its deep black color and its hemispherical shape. All of its spines are roughly the same size (no "secondary spines"), and worn erected (never dishevelled when in the water). The anus on the top is surrounded by four plates forming an anal valve. The oral face is nearly naked, the mouth being surrounded by soft, dark-greenish skin.ZIEMSKI Frédéric, André Frédéric, in: DORIS, 15/5/2014Arbacia lixula (Linnaeus, 1758) Image:Arbacia lixula 03.JPG, Profile Image:Black Sea Urchin (Arbacia lixula) in Croatia.jpg , Sticking on a rock Image:Sea urchin upside down.JPG, Oral face Image:Arbacia lixula.JPG, ''In situ'' This species can be confused with the purple sea urchin ''Paracentrotus lividus'', but the latter is never really black (though often very dark), has more dishevelled spines of many lengths, covers itself with debris, has spine ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phymosoma Granulosum
''Phymosoma'' is an extinct genus of echinoids that lived from the Cretaceous to the Eocene. Its remains have been found in Asia, Europe, and North America. Sources * ''Fossils'' (Smithsonian Handbooks) by David Ward (Page 179) External links''Phymosoma''in the Paleobiology Database The Paleobiology Database is an online resource for information on the distribution and classification of fossil animals, plants, and microorganisms. History The Paleobiology Database (PBDB) originated in the NCEAS-funded Phanerozoic Marine Pale ... Phymosomatoida Prehistoric echinoid genera Cretaceous echinoderms Paleocene echinoderms Eocene animals Prehistoric animals of Asia Prehistoric animals of Europe Prehistoric echinoderms of North America Cretaceous genus first appearances Maastrichtian genera Danian genera Selandian genera Thanetian genera Ypresian genera Eocene genus extinctions {{paleo-echinoidea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pseudodiadematidae
Pseudodiadematidae are members of the phylum Echinodermata. Their fossil remains date to the Cretaceous The Cretaceous ( ) is a geological period that lasted from about 145 to 66 million years ago (Mya). It is the third and final period of the Mesozoic Era, as well as the longest. At around 79 million years, it is the longest geological period of th ... period (144 - 66.4 MYA). Its child geniuses are Acanthechinopsis, Acrocidaris, Acrotiaris and Aplodiadema. External linksechinologia.com Echinoidea {{echinoidea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stomopneustoida
Stomopneustoida is an order of echinoderms belonging to the class Echinoidea Sea urchins () are spiny, globular echinoderms in the class Echinoidea. About 950 species of sea urchin live on the seabed of every ocean and inhabit every depth zone from the intertidal seashore down to . The spherical, hard shells ( tests) .... Families: * Glyptocidaridae * Stomechinidae * Stomopneustidae References Echinoidea Echinoderm orders {{echinoidea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
