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Cape Columbia
Cape Columbia is the northernmost point of land of Canada, located on Ellesmere Island in the Qikiqtaaluk Region of Nunavut. It marks the westernmost coastal point of Lincoln Sea in the Arctic Ocean. It is the world's northernmost point of land outside Greenland. The distance to the North Pole is . As the northernmost point of Canada, Cape Columbia is exposed to the ice drift of the Arctic pack ice. The approximately thick pack ice of the Arctic Ocean moves several hundred meters per day from east to west. As a result, mighty ice pressure ridges can be piled up at Cape Columbia. History In 1876, Pelham Aldrich was the first European to reach Cape Columbia. He was a lieutenant with the expedition (1875-76) of British explorer George Nares. Peary Robert Peary chose the Cape as the location for the northernmost depot of his final attempt to reach the Pole (1909), not only for its proximity but because it is located far enough west to be out of the ice current setting do ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lincoln Sea Map
Lincoln most commonly refers to: * Abraham Lincoln (1809–1865), the sixteenth president of the United States * Lincoln, England, cathedral city and county town of Lincolnshire, England * Lincoln, Nebraska, the capital of Nebraska, U.S. * Lincoln (name), a surname and given name * Lincoln Motor Company, a Ford brand Lincoln may also refer to: Places Canada * Lincoln, Alberta * Lincoln, New Brunswick * Lincoln Parish, New Brunswick * Lincoln, Ontario ** Lincoln (electoral district) (former), Ontario ** Lincoln (provincial electoral district) (former), Ontario United Kingdom * Lincoln, England ** Lincoln (UK Parliament constituency) * Lincoln Green, Leeds United States * Lincoln, Alabama * Lincoln, Arkansas * Lincoln, California, in Placer County * Lincoln, former name of Clinton, California, in Amador County * Lincoln, Delaware * Lincoln, Idaho * Lincoln, Illinois * Lincoln, Indiana * Lincoln, Iowa * Lincoln Center, Kansas * Lincoln Parish, Louisiana * Lincoln, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pack Ice
Drift ice, also called brash ice, is sea ice that is not attached to the shoreline or any other fixed object (shoals, grounded icebergs, etc.).Leppäranta, M. 2011. The Drift of Sea Ice. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. Unlike fast ice, which is "fastened" to a fixed object, drift ice is carried along by winds and sea currents, hence its name. When drift ice is driven together into a large single mass (>70% coverage), it is called pack ice. Wind and currents can pile up that ice to form ridges up to tens of metres in thickness. These represent a challenge for icebreakers and offshore structures operating in cold oceans and seas. Drift ice consists of ice floes, individual pieces of sea ice or more across. Floes are classified according to size: ''small'' – to ; ''medium'' – to ; ''big'' – to ; ''vast'' – to ; and ''giant'' – more than . Drift ice affects: * Security of navigation * Climatic impact (see Polar ice packs) * Geological impact * Biosphere influence (see Ecol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Headlands Of Qikiqtaaluk Region
A headland, also known as a head, is a coastal landform, a point of land usually high and often with a sheer drop, that extends into a body of water. It is a type of promontory. A headland of considerable size often is called a cape.Whittow, John (1984). ''Dictionary of Physical Geography''. London: Penguin, 1984, pp. 80, 246. . Headlands are characterised by high, breaking waves, rocky shores, intense erosion, and steep sea cliff. Headlands and bays are often found on the same coastline. A bay is flanked by land on three sides, whereas a headland is flanked by water on three sides. Headlands and bays form on discordant coastlines, where bands of rock of alternating resistance run perpendicular to the coast. Bays form when weak (less resistant) rocks (such as sands and clays) are eroded, leaving bands of stronger (more resistant) rocks (such as chalk, limestone, and granite) forming a headland, or peninsula. Through the deposition of sediment within the bay and the erosion of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
84th Parallel North
The 84th parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 84 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane, in the Arctic. No land lies on the 84th parallel north; it only lies on the Arctic Ocean; this is the first parallel by degree to do so. Regions north of this latitude are excluded from UTM Zones. The northernmost land on earth, Kaffeklubben Island, Greenland is roughly 40 kilometres south of this parallel. At this latitude the sun is visible for 24 hours, 0 minutes during the summer solstice and during the winter solstice, the latitude is under astronomical twilight. See also * 83rd parallel north * 85th parallel north * Arctic Ocean The Arctic Ocean is the smallest and shallowest of the world's five major oceans. It spans an area of approximately and is known as the coldest of all the oceans. The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) recognizes it as an ocean, a ... n84 Geography of the Arctic {{Arctic-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alert, Nunavut
Alert, in the Qikiqtaaluk Region of Nunavut, Canada, is the northernmost continuously inhabited place in the world, ("Twice a year, the military resupply Alert, the world's northernmost settlement.") on Ellesmere Island (Queen Elizabeth Islands) at latitude 82°30'05" north, from the North Pole. As of the 2016 census, the population was 0.Population calculated by combining Dissemination Blocks 62040059001, 62040059003 and 62040059004 using data from the 2016 Census aGeoSearch/ref> All Alert residents are temporary, typically serving six-month tours of duty there. It takes its name from , which wintered east of the present station, off what is now Cape Sheridan, in 1875–1876. Alert's temporary inhabitants staff a military signals intelligence radio receiving facility at Canadian Forces Station Alert (CFS Alert), as well as a co-located Environment Canada weather station, a Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) atmosphere monitoring observatory, and the Alert Airport. History Ale ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cape Sheridan
Cape Sheridan is on the northeastern coast of Ellesmere Island, Canada situated on the Lincoln Sea in the Arctic Ocean, on the mouth of Sheridan River, west bank. It is one of the closest points of land to the geographic North Pole, approx to the north, Cape Columbia Cape Columbia is the northernmost point of land of Canada, located on Ellesmere Island in the Qikiqtaaluk Region of Nunavut. It marks the westernmost coastal point of Lincoln Sea in the Arctic Ocean. It is the world's northernmost point of land ... is however some closer to the Pole. Cape Sheridan was the wintering site of Robert Peary's final quest to reach the north pole in 1908/1909; the Cape Sheridan Depot being located there. Alert, the northernmost permanently inhabited place in the world, is located to the west. Headlands of Qikiqtaaluk Region Ellesmere Island {{QikiqtaalukNU-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robeson Channel
Robeson Channel () is a body of water lying between Greenland and Canada's northernmost island, Ellesmere Island. It is the most northerly part of Nares Strait, linking Hall Basin to the south with the Arctic Ocean to the north. The Newman Fjord in Greenland has its mouth in the Robeson Channel. It is about in length and between wide. Alert, the world's most northerly permanently inhabited settlement, lies nearby. It was named during the 1871 Polaris Expedition, for American George Robeson, Secretary of the Navy in the Ulysses S. Grant Ulysses S. Grant (born Hiram Ulysses Grant ; April 27, 1822July 23, 1885) was an American military officer and politician who served as the 18th president of the United States from 1869 to 1877. As Commanding General, he led the Union Ar ... administration. Further reading * Chow, R. K. ''Near-Surface Current in Robeson Channel''. Defence Research Establishment Ottawa, 1975. * Dunbar, Moira, and John E. Keys. ''Robeson Channel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robert Peary
Robert Edwin Peary Sr. (; May 6, 1856 – February 20, 1920) was an American explorer and officer in the United States Navy who made several expeditions to the Arctic in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He is best known for, in April 1909, leading an expedition that claimed to be the first to have reached the geographic North Pole. Explorer Matthew Henson, part of the expedition, is thought to have reached what they believed to be the North Pole narrowly before Peary. Peary was born in Cresson, Pennsylvania, but, following his father's death at a young age, was raised in Portland, Maine. He attended Bowdoin College, then joined the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey as a draftsman. He enlisted in the navy in 1881 as a civil engineer. In 1885, he was made chief of surveying for the Nicaragua Canal, which was never built. He visited the Arctic for the first time in 1886, making an unsuccessful attempt to cross Greenland by dogsled. In the Peary expedition to Green ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
George Nares
Vice-Admiral Sir George Strong Nares (24 April 1831 – 15 January 1915) was a Royal Navy officer and Arctic explorer. He commanded the ''Challenger'' Expedition, and the British Arctic Expedition. He was highly thought of as a leader and scientific explorer. In later life he worked for the Board of Trade and as Acting Conservator of the River Mersey. Biography Family He was born on 24 April 1831, the third son and sixth child of Commander William Henry Nares, a British naval officer, and Elizabeth Rebecca Gould, at Llansenseld, near Abergavenny in Monmouthshire. He was baptised at the church of St Bridget, Llansanffraid on 22 May. He married Mary Grant, the eldest daughter of a Portsmouth banker, on 22 June 1858. They had four sons and six daughters. His two youngest sons, George Edward Nares and John Dodd Nares entered the Royal Navy. Education and early naval career He was educated at the Royal Naval School in New Cross in south London, and in 1845 joined the R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
British Arctic Expedition
The British Arctic Expedition of 1875–1876, led by Sir George Strong Nares, was sent by the British Admiralty to attempt to reach the North Pole via Smith Sound. Although the expedition failed to reach the North Pole, the coasts of Greenland and Ellesmere Island were extensively explored and large amounts of scientific data were collected. History Two ships, and —captained by Henry Frederick Stephenson—sailed from Portsmouth on 29 May 1875. On this expedition, Nares became the first explorer to take his ships all the way north through the channel between Greenland and Ellesmere Island —now named Nares Strait in his honour— to the Lincoln Sea. Up to this time, it had been a popular theory that this route would lead to the supposed Open Polar Sea, an ice-free region surrounding the pole, but Nares found only a wasteland of ice. A sledging party under Commander Albert Hastings Markham set a new record, Farthest North of 83° 20′ 26″ N. Meanwhile ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pelham Aldrich
Admiral Pelham Aldrich, CVO (8 December 1844 – 12 November 1930) was a Royal Navy officer and explorer, who became Admiral Superintendent of Portsmouth Docks. Biography He was born in Mildenhall, Suffolk, the son of Dr. Pelham Aldrich and Elizabeth Frances Aldrich, and married Edith Caroline Issacson in 1875. He entered the Royal Navy as a Naval Cadet in June 1859 and was promoted to sub-lieutenant on 17 September 1864 and lieutenant on 11 September 1866. He served as a lieutenant on the corvette , then from 18 December 1869 on the broadside ironclad and from 15 November 1872 on the as first lieutnant. Whilst on board the ''Challenger'', he took part in the 4-year-long ''Challenger'' expedition of 1872–76 – a scientific expedition that made many discoveries to lay the foundation of oceanography. In 1875, he transferred to the sloop to take part in the British Arctic Expedition, which was sent by the British Admiralty to attempt to reach the North Pole via Smith Soun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ice Drift
Sea ice arises as seawater freezes. Because ice is less dense than water, it floats on the ocean's surface (as does fresh water ice, which has an even lower density). Sea ice covers about 7% of the Earth's surface and about 12% of the world's oceans. Much of the world's sea ice is enclosed within the polar ice packs in the Earth's polar regions: the Arctic ice pack of the Arctic Ocean and the Antarctic ice pack of the Southern Ocean. Polar packs undergo a significant yearly cycling in surface extent, a natural process upon which depends the Arctic ecology, including the ocean's ecosystems. Due to the action of winds, currents and temperature fluctuations, sea ice is very dynamic, leading to a wide variety of ice types and features. Sea ice may be contrasted with icebergs, which are chunks of ice shelves or glaciers that calve into the ocean. Depending on location, sea ice expanses may also incorporate icebergs. General features and dynamics Sea ice does not simply grow and me ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
