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Campaign For Fiscal Equity
The Campaign for Fiscal Equity (CFE) was a not-for-profit advocacy organization that sought to protect and promote the constitutional right to a sound basic education for all public school students in the State of New York. Under the leadership of Michael A. Rebell, the organization filed and won the landmark " CFE v. State of New York" lawsuit, which successfully argued that the state's school finance system under-funded New York City public schools and denied its students their constitutional right. History The Campaign for Fiscal Equity (CFE) was founded in 1993 by Robert Jackson and Michael A. Rebell. They worked with a coalition of parents, community members, and education advocates who were concerned about the state's funding of New York City schools, which the CFE felt was persistently inadequate. The CFE filed a constitutional challenge stating that the state was under-funding the public schools in New York City. CFE received funding from a range of sources, including t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Not-for-profit
A nonprofit organization (NPO) or non-profit organisation, also known as a non-business entity, not-for-profit organization, or nonprofit institution, is a legal entity organized and operated for a collective, public or social benefit, in contrast with an entity that operates as a business aiming to generate a profit for its owners. A nonprofit is subject to the non-distribution constraint: any revenues that exceed expenses must be committed to the organization's purpose, not taken by private parties. An array of organizations are nonprofit, including some political organizations, schools, business associations, churches, social clubs, and consumer cooperatives. Nonprofit entities may seek approval from governments to be tax-exempt, and some may also qualify to receive tax-deductible contributions, but an entity may incorporate as a nonprofit entity without securing tax-exempt status. Key aspects of nonprofits are accountability, trustworthiness, honesty, and openness to eve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division
The Appellate Divisions of the Supreme Court of the State of New York are the intermediate appellate courts in New York State. There are four Appellate Divisions, one in each of the state's four Judicial Departments (e.g., the full title of the "Fourth Department" is "Supreme Court of the State of New York, Appellate Division, Fourth Judicial Department").NY Courts website Appellate Divisions page Accessed June 24, 2009. Jurisdiction Each Appellate Division primarily hears appeals from the superior courts (, surrogate's courts, family courts, county courts, and Court of Claims) in civil cases, the Supreme Court in criminal case ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robert Jackson (NYC)
Robert Jackson (born December 18, 1950) is an American politician in New York City. A member of the Democratic Party, he is the Senator for the New York State Senate's 31st district on the West Side of Manhattan. He previously served in the New York City Council from 2002 to 2013, representing the 7th district in Manhattan. He is the first Muslim New York State Senator. Early life and education Robert Jackson was born in Harlem, the son of Zelma Jackson and Chinese immigrant Eddie Chu. He grew up in Manhattan and The Bronx, attending P.S.186 in Washington Heights, and P.S. 146, Junior High School 120, and Benjamin Franklin High School in The Bronx. As a child, he sold newspapers. Jackson graduated from the State University of New York at New Paltz in 1975. After college, he worked for the New York State Department of Labor and the Public Employees Federation, a labor union. In 1986, he was elected to New York City Community School Board 6. Campaign for Fiscal Equity In 1992, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Education In New York City
Education in New York City is provided by a vast number of public and private institutions. New York City has the largest educational system of any city in the world. The city’s educational infrastructure spans primary education, secondary education, higher education, and research. New York City is home to some of the most important libraries, universities, and research centers in the world. In 2006, New York had the most post-graduate life sciences degrees awarded annually in the United States, 40,000 licensed physicians, and 127 Nobel laureates with roots in local institutions. The city receives the second-highest amount of annual funding from the National Institutes of Health among all U.S. cities. It also struggles with disparity in its public school system, with some of the best-performing public schools in the United States as well as some of the worst-performing. Under Mayor Michael Bloomberg, the city embarked on a major school reform effort. New York City has many n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Executive Budget
The executive budget is the budget for the executive branch of the United States government. It was established as one of the reforms during the Progressive Era and became a federal policy in 1921 under the Woodrow Woodrow Wilson, Wilson Administration. The process of creating the executive budget consists of three phases. The first stage is the development of the president's budget. In this stage, the president submits a comprehensive budget to the United States Congress that covers the full range of federal activities. Next, the budget proposal is edited and revised by Congress. Last, the budget is finalized and executed. It is then given a budget bill from the legislature. The legislature composes the budget bill while an executive agency implements the bill by choosing which projects to take on within the limitations imposed. History One of the reforms of the Progressive Era in the United States was the executive budget system which had its first application for municipal govern ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New York State Legislature
The New York State Legislature consists of the two houses that act as the state legislature of the U.S. state of New York: The New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly. The Constitution of New York does not designate an official term for the two houses together; it says only that the state's legislative power "shall be vested in the senate and assembly". Session laws passed by the Legislature are published in the official ''Laws of New York''. Permanent New York laws of a general nature are codified in the ''Consolidated Laws of New York''. As of January 2021, the Democratic Party holds supermajorities in both houses of the New York State Legislature, which is the highest paid state legislature in the country. Legislative elections are held in November of every even-numbered year. Both Assembly members and Senators serve two-year terms. In order to be a member of either house, one must be a citizen of the United States, a resident of the state of New York for at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of School Districts In New York
The New York State Education Department (NYSED) divides the state into nine Joint Management Team (JMT) Regions, excluding New York City. Each JMT contains one or more Regional Information Centers (RIC), which contain one or more Boards of Cooperative Educational Services (BOCES), and each BOCES supports several school districts. The table below is sorted by either the school district, number of students, county, BOCES, RIC and JMT. Some school districts are not part of BOCES; they are appended with "(not BOCES)". See also *Boards of Cooperative Educational Services *List of high schools in New York *List of Long Island public school districts and schools References Sources ''The list of school districts in each BOCES area is taken from the individual BOCES website.'' New York State Education Department [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Middle School
A middle school (also known as intermediate school, junior high school, junior secondary school, or lower secondary school) is an educational stage which exists in some countries, providing education between primary school and secondary school. The concept, regulation and classification of middle schools, as well as the ages covered, vary between and sometimes within countries. Afghanistan In Afghanistan, middle school includes grades 6, 7, and 8, consisting of students from ages 11 to 14. Algeria In Algeria, a middle school includes 4 grades: 6, 7, 8, and 9, consisting of students from ages 11–15. Argentina The of secondary education (ages 11–14) is roughly equivalent to middle school. Australia No regions of Australia have segregated middle schools, as students go directly from primary school (for years K/preparatory–6) to secondary school (years 7–12, usually referred to as high school). As an alternative to the middle school model, some secondary schools classi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
High School
A secondary school describes an institution that provides secondary education and also usually includes the building where this takes place. Some secondary schools provide both '' lower secondary education'' (ages 11 to 14) and ''upper secondary education'' (ages 14 to 18), i.e., both levels 2 and 3 of the ISCED scale, but these can also be provided in separate schools. In the US, the secondary education system has separate middle schools and high schools. In the UK, most state schools and privately-funded schools accommodate pupils between the ages of 11–16 or 11–18; some UK private schools, i.e. public schools, admit pupils between the ages of 13 and 18. Secondary schools follow on from primary schools and prepare for vocational or tertiary education. Attendance is usually compulsory for students until age 16. The organisations, buildings, and terminology are more or less unique in each country. Levels of education In the ISCED 2011 education scale levels 2 and 3 c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pre-K
Pre-kindergarten (also called Pre-K or PK) is a voluntary classroom-based preschool program for children below the age of five in the United States, Canada, Turkey and Greece (when kindergarten starts). It may be delivered through a preschool or within a reception year in elementary school. Pre-kindergartens play an important role in early childhood education. They have existed in the US since 1922, normally run by private organizations. The U.S. Head Start program, the country's first federally funded pre-kindergarten program, was founded in 1967. This attempts to prepare children (especially disadvantaged children) to succeed in school. Pre-kindergartens differentiate themselves from other child care by ''equally'' focusing on building a child's social development, physical development, emotional development, and cognitive development. They commonly follow a set of organization-created teaching standards in shaping curriculum and instructional activities and goals. The term " ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Education Act
Education Act (with its variations) is a stock short title used for legislation in Australia, Hong Kong, India, Malaysia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States that relates to education. The Bill for an Act with this short title will have been known as a Education Bill during its passage through Parliament. The Education Acts may be a generic name either for legislation bearing that short title or for all legislation which relates to education. List Australia *The 1893 Education Act of Western Australia *The Education Act 1872 (Vic) Hong Kong *The Education Ordinance 1971 India *Kerala Education Bill, 1957 *Education Bill that became the Indian Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act of 2009 Malaysia *The Education Act 1996 New Zealand *The Education Act 1877 *The Education Act 1914 United Kingdom *The Education Act 1833 *The Elementary Education Acts 1870 to 1893, the collective title of the following Acts: **The Elementary Education Act 187 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New York State Legislature
The New York State Legislature consists of the two houses that act as the state legislature of the U.S. state of New York: The New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly. The Constitution of New York does not designate an official term for the two houses together; it says only that the state's legislative power "shall be vested in the senate and assembly". Session laws passed by the Legislature are published in the official ''Laws of New York''. Permanent New York laws of a general nature are codified in the ''Consolidated Laws of New York''. As of January 2021, the Democratic Party holds supermajorities in both houses of the New York State Legislature, which is the highest paid state legislature in the country. Legislative elections are held in November of every even-numbered year. Both Assembly members and Senators serve two-year terms. In order to be a member of either house, one must be a citizen of the United States, a resident of the state of New York for at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
