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Calyx Podatypa
''Calyx podatypa'' is a species of sea sponge belonging to the family Phloeodictyidae. It is native to the Caribbean. The species was first described in 1934 by American spongiologist Max Walker de Laubenfels. It is commonly found in shallow reefs, among seagrass and on mangrove roots. It is described as being mostly hollow with growths that range from branched to lobate in shape and tubular projections. It has round openings between 1-5mm in size. The colour is "Brown-yellowish to greenish" on the outside and tan on the inside. Antimicrobial compounds A number of biologically active compounds have been isolated from ''Calyx podatypa'' including Diketopiperazine A diketopiperazine (DKP), also known as a ''dioxopiperazine'' or ''piperazinedione'', is a class of organic compounds related to piperazine but containing two amide linkages. DKP's are the smallest known class of cyclic peptide. Despite their name, ...s and ''N''-methylpyridinium salts with antimicrobial effects. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Max Walker De Laubenfels
Max Walker de Laubenfels (1894–1960) was an American spongiologist. He received his undergraduate degree from Oberlin College and his doctorate from Stanford University. He was among the most prolific identifiers of new species of Caribbean sponges, describing 60 species from 1932-1954. He was a Professor of Zoology at Oregon State College (now Oregon State University) from 1950 to 1958. Publications * , 1954 : The sponges of the west-central Pacific. Studies in zoology, no.7: 320pg. * , 1929 : The sponges of California. Dept. of Zoology. 634 pg. See also * David John de Laubenfels David John de Laubenfels or D. J. de Laubenfels (1925 – February 6, 2016) was an American botanist known as an expert on tropical conifers. See also * Max Walker de Laubenfels Max Walker de Laubenfels (1894–1960) was an American spongi ... References Spongiologists 20th-century American zoologists Oregon State University faculty 1894 births 1960 deaths {{US-zoo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sea Sponge
Sponges, the members of the phylum Porifera (; meaning 'pore bearer'), are a basal animal clade as a sister of the diploblasts. They are multicellular organisms that have bodies full of pores and channels allowing water to circulate through them, consisting of jelly-like mesohyl sandwiched between two thin layers of cells. Sponges have unspecialized cells that can transform into other types and that often migrate between the main cell layers and the mesohyl in the process. Sponges do not have nervous, digestive or circulatory systems. Instead, most rely on maintaining a constant water flow through their bodies to obtain food and oxygen and to remove wastes. Sponges were first to branch off the evolutionary tree from the last common ancestor of all animals, making them the sister group of all other animals. Etymology The term ''sponge'' derives from the Ancient Greek word ( 'sponge'). Overview Sponges are similar to other animals in that they are multicellular, he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phloeodictyidae
The Phloeodictyidae are a family of sponge Sponges, the members of the phylum Porifera (; meaning 'pore bearer'), are a basal animal clade as a sister of the diploblasts. They are multicellular organisms that have bodies full of pores and channels allowing water to circulate through t ...s containing the following genera: * '' Calyx'' Vosmaer, 1885 * '' Oceanapia'' Norman, 1869 * '' Pachypellina'' Burton, 1934 * '' Siphonodictyon'' Bergquist, 1965 * '' Tabulocalyx'' Pulitzer-Finali, 1993 References Petrosina {{Demosponge-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caribbean
The Caribbean (, ) ( es, El Caribe; french: la Caraïbe; ht, Karayib; nl, De Caraïben) is a region of the Americas that consists of the Caribbean Sea, its islands (some surrounded by the Caribbean Sea and some bordering both the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean) and the surrounding coasts. The region is southeast of the Gulf of Mexico and the North American mainland, east of Central America, and north of South America. Situated largely on the Caribbean Plate, the region has more than 700 islands, islets, reefs and cays (see the list of Caribbean islands). Island arcs delineate the eastern and northern edges of the Caribbean Sea: The Greater Antilles and the Lucayan Archipelago on the north and the Lesser Antilles and the on the south and east (which includes the Leeward Antilles). They form the West Indies with the nearby Lucayan Archipelago (the Bahamas and Turks and Caicos Islands), which are considered to be part of the Caribbean despite not bordering the Caribbe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seagrass
Seagrasses are the only flowering plants which grow in marine environments. There are about 60 species of fully marine seagrasses which belong to four families (Posidoniaceae, Zosteraceae, Hydrocharitaceae and Cymodoceaceae), all in the order Alismatales (in the clade of monocotyledons). Seagrasses evolved from terrestrial plants which recolonised the ocean 70 to 100 million years ago. The name ''seagrass'' stems from the many species with long and narrow leaves, which grow by rhizome extension and often spread across large "meadows" resembling grassland; many species superficially resemble terrestrial grasses of the family Poaceae. Like all autotrophic plants, seagrasses photosynthesize, in the submerged photic zone, and most occur in shallow and sheltered coastal waters anchored in sand or mud bottoms. Most species undergo submarine pollination and complete their life cycle underwater. While it was previously believed this pollination was carried out without pollinators ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mangrove
A mangrove is a shrub or tree that grows in coastal saline water, saline or brackish water. The term is also used for tropical coastal vegetation consisting of such species. Mangroves are taxonomically diverse, as a result of convergent evolution in several plant families. They occur worldwide in the tropics and subtropics and even some temperate coastal areas, mainly between latitudes 30° N and 30° S, with the greatest mangrove area within 5° of the equator. Mangrove plant families first appeared during the Late Cretaceous to Paleocene epochs, and became widely distributed in part due to the plate tectonics, movement of tectonic plates. The oldest known fossils of Nypa fruticans, mangrove palm date to 75 million years ago. Mangroves are salt-tolerant trees, also called halophytes, and are adapted to live in harsh coastal conditions. They contain a complex salt filtration system and a complex root system to cope with saltwater immersion and wave action. They are ad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diketopiperazine
A diketopiperazine (DKP), also known as a ''dioxopiperazine'' or ''piperazinedione'', is a class of organic compounds related to piperazine but containing two amide linkages. DKP's are the smallest known class of cyclic peptide. Despite their name, they are not ketones, but amides. Three regioisomers are possible, differing in the locations of the carbonyl groups. * One isomer is an oxamide obtained from ethylenediamine. * 2,5-Diketopiperazines are cyclodipeptides often obtainable via condensation of two α-amino acids. * 2,6-Diketopiperazines may be viewed as cyclized imide derivatives derived from iminodiacetic acids. Of these three isomeric diketopiperazines, the 2,5-derivatives have attracted the greatest interest. Due to their appearance in biologically active natural products, medicinal chemists have been inspired to use DKPs to circumvent the poor physical and metabolic properties of peptides in the course of drug discovery. Natural sources DKPs are synthesized by a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Methylpyridinium
Methylpyridinium is a chemical compound which is the quaternary ammonium compound derived from the ''N''-methylation of pyridine. It is found in some coffee products. It is not present in unroasted coffee beans, but is formed during roasting from its precursor chemical, trigonelline. It is under investigation by scientists regarding its potential anti-carcinogenic properties, particularly an effect on colon cancer. Ionic liquid The chloride of ''N''-methylpyridinium behaves as an ionic liquid in the molten state. Its properties with different mixtures of zinc chloride have been characterised by several authors in the temperature range . See also * Pyridinium Pyridinium refers to the cation . It is the conjugate acid of pyridine. Many related cations are known involving substituted pyridines, e.g. picolines, lutidines, collidines. They are prepared by treating pyridine with acids. As pyridine is oft ... * 4-Caffeoyl-1,5-quinide * References Pyridinium compounds I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antimicrobial
An antimicrobial is an agent that kills microorganisms or stops their growth. Antimicrobial medicines can be grouped according to the microorganisms they act primarily against. For example, antibiotics are used against bacteria, and antifungals are used against fungi. They can also be classified according to their function. Agents that kill microbes are microbicides, while those that merely inhibit their growth are called bacteriostatic agents. The use of antimicrobial medicines to treat infection is known as antimicrobial chemotherapy, while the use of antimicrobial medicines to prevent infection is known as antimicrobial prophylaxis. The main classes of antimicrobial agents are disinfectants (non-selective agents, such as bleach), which kill a wide range of microbes on non-living surfaces to prevent the spread of illness, antiseptics (which are applied to living tissue and help reduce infection during surgery), and antibiotics (which destroy microorganisms within the body). The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haplosclerida
Haplosclerida is an order of demosponges. It contains the following families: * Calcifibrospongiidae Hartman, 1979 * Callyspongiidae de Laubenfels, 1936 * Chalinidae Gray, 1867 * Niphatidae Van Soest, 1980 * Petrosiidae Petrosiidae is a family of sponge Sponges, the members of the phylum Porifera (; meaning 'pore bearer'), are a basal animal clade as a sister of the diploblasts. They are multicellular organisms that have bodies full of pores and channe ... Van Soest, 1980 * Phloeodictyidae Carter, 1882 References {{demosponge-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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