Caliph (other)
A caliph is the head of state in a caliphate, and the title for the leader of the Islamic ''Ummah'', an Islamic community ruled by the ''Shari'ah'' *Khalifa is the Arabic word for caliph. Caliph may also refer to: * USS ''Caliph'' (SP-272), a United States Navy patrol vessel * ''Enispe'' (butterfly), a genus of butterflies also known as caliphs *Caliph, South Australia, a locality in the Murray Mallee region of South Australia, Australia See also * List of caliphs * Caliphate (other) *Khalifa (other) Khalifa is an Arabic name or title which means "successor", "deputy" or "steward". * Caliph, the ruler of a Caliphate * Khalifa (Morocco), a high official in the Sultanate of Morocco Khalifa may also refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media * ...

Caliphate
A caliphate or khilāfah ( ar, خِلَافَة, ) is an institution or public office under the leadership of an Islamic steward with the title of caliph (; ar, خَلِيفَة , ), a person considered a political-religious successor to the Islamic prophet Muhammad and a leader of the entire Muslim world ( ummah). Historically, the caliphates were polities based on Islam which developed into multi-ethnic trans-national empires. During the medieval period, three major caliphates succeeded each other: the Rashidun Caliphate (632–661), the Umayyad Caliphate (661–750), and the Abbasid Caliphate (750–1258). In the fourth major caliphate, the Ottoman Caliphate, the rulers of the Ottoman Empire claimed caliphal authority from 1517. Throughout the history of Islam, a few other Muslim states, almost all hereditary monarchies such as the Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo) and Ayyubid Caliphate, have claimed to be caliphates. The first caliphate, the Rashidun Caliphate, was establi ...
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Khalifa
Khalifa or Khalifah (Arabic: خليفة) is a name or title which means "successor", "ruler" or "leader". It most commonly refers to the leader of a Caliphate, but is also used as a title among various Islamic religious groups and others. Khalifa is sometimes also pronounced as "kalifa". There were four khalifas after Muhammad died, beginning with Abu Bakr. This was a difficult decision for the people to make, for no one except Muhammad had ever thought with foresight about who would rule after he would die. The ''Khilaafat'' (or Caliphate) was then contested and gave rise to the eventual division of the Islamic Umma into two groups, the Sunni and the Shi'a who interpret the word ''Khalifa'' in differently nuanced ways. The earliest Islamic uses include Khaleefa(ḥ)''' in The Qur'an, 2:30, where Allah commands the angels to bow down to Adam which more clearly guides to the root Classical Arabic meaning of the word as "Vicegerent", or divinely connected representative of Allah i ...
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Arabic
Arabic (, ' ; , ' or ) is a Semitic languages, Semitic language spoken primarily across the Arab world.Semitic languages: an international handbook / edited by Stefan Weninger; in collaboration with Geoffrey Khan, Michael P. Streck, Janet C. E.Watson; Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin/Boston, 2011. Having emerged in the 1st century, it is named after the Arabs, Arab people; the term "Arab" was initially used to describe those living in the Arabian Peninsula, as perceived by geographers from ancient Greece. Since the 7th century, Arabic has been characterized by diglossia, with an opposition between a standard Prestige (sociolinguistics), prestige language—i.e., Literary Arabic: Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) or Classical Arabic—and diverse vernacular varieties, which serve as First language, mother tongues. Colloquial dialects vary significantly from MSA, impeding mutual intelligibility. MSA is only acquired through formal education and is not spoken natively. It is ...
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USS Caliph
USS ''Caliph'' (SP-272) was a United States Navy patrol vessel in commission in 1917 and again in 1918. '' Caliph'' is derived from the word ''al-khalifah'', Arabic word for ''the leader''. ''Caliph'' was built for Commodore Martin E. Brigham of Philadelphia in 1910 by the J.H. Mathis Yacht Building Company of Camden, New Jersey. The Mathis yard was located at Point and Erie Streets in Camden. Caliph was launched 20 April 1910 and was christened by Mrs. Imogene Coultes, the daughter of Commodore Brigham. ''Caliph'' was designed by Bowes and Watts and competed in that year's Philadelphia to Havana races and placed second on the outbound journey although she had arrived first in time. On the return journey ''Caliph'' came in first. The U.S. Navy leased her in May 1917 for World War I service as a patrol vessel. She was commissioned as USS ''Caliph'' (SP-272). Throughout her life ''Caliph'' had a Bureau of Commerce number 207413. ''Caliph'' was equipped with a six-cylin ...
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Enispe (butterfly)
''Enispe'' or the caliphs is a genus of nymphalid butterfly in the subfamily Morphinae. They are found in western China and from Sikkim to Borneo. Species *'' Enispe cycnus'' Westwood, 1851 *'' Enispe euthymius'' (Doubleday, 1845) *'' Enispe intermedia'' Rothschild, 1916 *''Enispe lunatus'' Leech, 1891 western China ( Sichuan), eastern Tibet. *'' Enispe milvus'' Staudinger, 897 __NOTOC__ Year 897 ( DCCCXCVII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * Spring – King Lambert II travels to Rome with his mother, Queen Ageltr .../small> northern Borneo References External linksimages representing ''Enispe'' at Consortium for the Barcode of Life Amathusiini Nymphalidae genera Taxa named by Edward Doubleday {{Morphinae-stub ...
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Caliph, South Australia
Caliph is a locality in the Murray Mallee region of South Australia. Its name was derived from a variety of wheat grown in the area. Caliph was a station on the Moorook railway line The Moorook railway line was a railway line on the South Australian Railways network. It ran from a junction with the Barmera line at Wanbi north to Yinkanie near Moorook opening on 7 September 1925. It was proposed to later extend the line ... which opened in 1925 and closed in 1971. The town was surveyed in May 1926 but no longer exists. The former community hall is a stone building near the railway station, but is no longer in use. The next railway station north of Caliph was Bayah (where the railway crossed Mindarie Road) which is now included in the locality of Caliph. The station of Tuscan was where the railway crossed Farr Road, on the northern boundary of Caliph. The adjacent former town is now included in the locality of Wunkar. No infrastructure remains at either station. Refere ...
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Caliphate (other)
A caliphate is an Islamic state ruled by a caliph. Caliphate may also refer to: * ''Caliphate'' (TV series), a Swedish drama television series * ''Caliphate'' (podcast), a podcast produced by ''The New York Times'' * ''The Caliphate'' (book), by William Muir * Caliphate State, a Turkish Islamist group based in Cologne, Germany See also *Caliph (other) A caliph is the head of state in a caliphate, and the title for the leader of the Islamic ''Ummah'', an Islamic community ruled by the ''Shari'ah'' *Khalifa is the Arabic word for caliph. Caliph may also refer to: * USS ''Caliph'' (SP-272), a ...