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Calamoideae
Calamoideae is a subfamily of flowering plant in the palm family found throughout Central America, South America, Africa, India, China, Southeast Asia and Australia. It is represented by 21 genera - containing nearly a quarter of all species in the palm family - including the largest genus, '' Calamus'', the type genus of the group. Only four are found in the New World while the rest are Old World denizens, usually found in equatorial swampland or along tropical coastlines. While the many species show marked differences, the bracts of all orders are tubular, the flowers are almost always borne in dyads or dyad derivatives, but most marked as an identifier among these palms are the overlapping scales covering the fruit; occasionally small and irregular they are, in most cases, neatly aligned in vertical rows. Also common to the group are varying forms of armament: spines along leaf margins or on sheaths, root and stem spines, reflexed rachis cirri, or specialized hooks among th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rattan
Rattan, also spelled ratan (from Malay language, Malay: ''rotan''), is the name for roughly 600 species of Old World climbing palms belonging to subfamily Calamoideae. The greatest diversity of rattan palm species and genera are in the closed-Canopy (biology), canopy Old-growth forest, old-growth tropical forests of Southeast Asia, though they can also be found in other parts of tropical Asia and Africa. Most rattan palms are ecologically considered lianas due to their climbing habits, unlike other palm species. A few species also have tree-like or shrub-like habits. Around 20% of rattan palm species are economically important and are traditionally used in Southeast Asia in producing wickerwork furniture, baskets, Walking stick, canes, woven mats, Rope, cordage, and other handicrafts. Rattan canes are one of the world's most valuable non-timber forest products. Some species of rattan also have edible scaly fruit and heart of palm. Despite increasing attempts in the last 30 y ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arecaceae
The Arecaceae () is a family (biology), family of perennial plant, perennial, flowering plants in the Monocotyledon, monocot order Arecales. Their growth form can be climbing palm, climbers, shrubs, tree-like and stemless plants, all commonly known as palms. Those having a tree-like form are colloquially called palm trees. Currently, 181 Genus, genera with around 2,600 species are known, most of which are restricted to tropics, tropical and subtropics, subtropical climates. Most palms are distinguished by their large, compound, evergreen leaves, known as fronds, arranged at the top of an unbranched stem, except for the Hyphaene genus, who has branched palms. However, palms exhibit an enormous diversity in physical characteristics and inhabit nearly every type of Habitat (ecology), habitat within their range, from rainforests to deserts. Palms are among the best known and most extensively Horticulture, cultivated plant families. They have been important to humans throughout much ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oncocalamus
''Oncocalamus'' is a monoecious genus of flowering plants in the palm family found in western Africa. The genus is the lone member of the Oncocalaminae; once placed with the vegetatively similar ''Eremospatha'' and ''Laccosperma'' in the Ancistrophyllinae, it is now isolated based on their unusual flowers and arrangement. Such a placement argues for a long and complex evolutionary process in the Calamoideae with heavy extinction rates.Uhl, Natalie W. and Dransfield, John (1987) ''Genera Palmarum - A classification of palms based on the work of Harold E. Moore''. Lawrence, Kansas: Allen Press. / The Greek genus name combines "horn" and "capsule".Riffle, Robert L. and Craft, Paul (2003) ''An Encyclopedia of Cultivated Palms''. Portland: Timber Press. / Description The trunks are small, very spiny, and high climbing, becoming bare with age. All species form dense clusters with undivided or bifid juvenile leaves which become pinnate in maturity, with leaf sheath spines, leaf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myrialepis
''Myrialepis'' is a monotypic genus of flowering plant in the palm family. The single species, ''Myrialepis paradoxa'', is native to Southeast Asia.Riffle, Robert L. and Craft, Paul (2003) ''An Encyclopedia of Cultivated Palms''. Portland: Timber Press. / The genus name is a combination of the Greek words meaning "innumerable" and "scale", a description of the fruit, and the epithet is Latin for "paradox". Description The trunks are clustering and climbing at 7 cm wide and are armed with whorls of sharp, golden spines. Reaching high into the canopy, the red to brown stems retain persistent leaf sheaths in its new growth but become bare toward the base, exposing conspicuous rings of leaf scars. Each mature leaf is comparatively large at 3 m, pinnate, and carried on armed petioles, with widely and regularly spaced, dark green leaflets. The spiny rachis extends well beyond the pinnae and is accompanied by pairs of recurved barbs adapted for climbing.Uhl, Natalie W. and Dransfi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calamus (palm)
''Calamus'' is a genus of flowering plants in the palm family Arecaceae, and is one of several genera known as rattan palms. There are an estimated 400 species in this genus, all native to tropical and subtropical Asia, Africa, and Australia. Description Species in this genus are mostly climbers with long, slender, flexible stems, but some are erect shrubs and some have no apparent stem (). They may be clustering or single-stemmed. The leaves are with an even number of leaflets, in the climbers they may be variously barbed or clothed in spines (including the leaf sheath). Climbers also produce armed tendrils – either from the leaf sheath, in which case it is known as a 'flagella', or as an extension of the midrib and known as a 'cirrus'. Climbing species will often reach the forest canopy, and one plant was recorded as being long. All species are dioecious, meaning that male and female inflorescences are produced on separate plants. They both arise from the and are pendant ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eugeissona
''Eugeissona'' is a clustering genus of flowering plant in the palm family native to Borneo, Thailand and Malaysia. The six monoecious species provide a wide range of local uses and are commonly called bertam or wild Bornean sago. The genus is the sole representative of the Eugeissoninae having very few obvious relatives; the hermaphrodite and staminate flowers are also found in '' Metroxylon'', however the other specialized characteristics are unique suggesting an early split and differentiation from other members of the Calameae.Uhl, Natalie W. and Dransfield, John (1987) ''Genera Palmarum - A classification of palms based on the work of Harold E. Moore''. Lawrence, Kansas: Allen Press. / Fossilized pollen belonging to these plants has been recovered in the lower and middle Miocene deposits in Sarawak. The name is from two Greek words meaning "good" and "roof", due to their common use in roof thatching. Description All of the ''Eugeissona'' palms will form above-ground stems ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Korthalsia
''Korthalsia'' is a clustering genus of flowering plant in the palm family spread throughout Southeast Asia. It is a highly specialized rattan with some species known to have an intimate relationship with ants, hence the common name ant rattan.Uhl, Natalie W. and Dransfield, John (1987) ''Genera Palmarum - A classification of palms based on the work of Harold E. Moore''. Lawrence, Kansas: Allen Press. / High-climbing and armed with spines, the genus is named for the Dutch botanist P. W. Korthals who first collected them from Indonesia. Description In young plants the trunks, petioles and rachises are covered in spines. Mature plants typically lose rachis and petiole spines but will retain trunks spines in its new growth. The suckering stems are small to mostly moderate and are among the few in the palm family that branch; among rattans it is the only one with splitting stems. These splits are axil branching, and produce "vast aerial entanglements" The trunks are bare at the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calameae
CalameaeKunth CS ex Lecoq & Juillet (1831) ''Dictionnaire raisonne des termes de botanique'' 98. is a palm tree tribe in the subfamily Calamoideae. The type genus is ''Calamus (palm), Calamus'' and many of its members are rattans. Genera * ''Calamus (palm), Calamus'' * ''Calospatha'' (synonym of ''Calamus'') * ''Ceratolobus'' (synonym of ''Calamus'') * ''Daemonorops'' (synonym of ''Calamus'') * ''Eleiodoxa'' * ''Korthalsia'' * ''Metroxylon'' * ''Myrialepis'' * ''Pigafetta'' * ''Plectocomia'' * ''Plectocomiopsis'' * ''Pogonotium'' (synonym of ''Calamus'') * ''Retispatha'' (synonym of ''Calamus'') * ''Salacca'' See also Rattan References External links * {{Taxonbar, from=Q1026217 Calameae, Monocot tribes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coryphoideae
The Coryphoideae is one of five subfamilies in the palm family, Arecaceae. It contains all of the genera with palmate leaves, excepting '' Mauritia'', '' Mauritiella'' and '' Lepidocaryum,'' all of subfamily Calamoideae, tribe Lepidocaryeae, subtribe Mauritiinae. However, all Coryphoid palm leaves have induplicate (V-shaped) leaf folds (excepting '' Guihaia''), while Calamoid palms have reduplicate (inverted V-shaped) leaf folds. Pinnate leaves do occur in Coryphoideae, in '' Phoenix'', '' Arenga'', '' Wallichia'' and bipinnate in '' Caryota''. Coryphoids are well-represented in the fossil record from the Late Cretaceous ( Campanian) onwards, primarily due to the presence of the form genus '' Sabalites''. __TOC__ Classification Subfamily Coryphoideae is divided into 8 tribes: * Sabaleae ** '' Sabal'' * Cryosophileae ** '' Schippia'' ** '' Trithrinax'' ** '' Zombia'' ** '' Coccothrinax'' ** '' Hemithrinax'' ** '' Thrinax'' ** '' Chelyocarpus'' ** '' Cryosophila'' * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eugeissoneae
''Eugeissona'' is a clustering genus of flowering plant in the palm family native to Borneo, Thailand and Malaysia. The six monoecious species provide a wide range of local uses and are commonly called bertam or wild Bornean sago. The genus is the sole representative of the Eugeissoninae having very few obvious relatives; the hermaphrodite and staminate flowers are also found in ''Metroxylon'', however the other specialized characteristics are unique suggesting an early split and differentiation from other members of the Calameae.Uhl, Natalie W. and Dransfield, John (1987) ''Genera Palmarum - A classification of palms based on the work of Harold E. Moore''. Lawrence, Kansas: Allen Press. / Fossilized pollen belonging to these plants has been recovered in the lower and middle Miocene deposits in Sarawak. The name is from two Greek words meaning "good" and "roof", due to their common use in roof thatching. Description All of the ''Eugeissona'' palms will form above-ground stems ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
India
India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since 2023; and, since its independence in 1947, the world's most populous democracy. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is near Sri Lanka and the Maldives; its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand, Myanmar, and Indonesia. Modern humans arrived on the Indian subcontinent from Africa no later than 55,000 years ago., "Y-Chromosome and Mt-DNA data support the colonization of South Asia by modern humans originating in Africa. ... Coalescence dates for most non-European populations averag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lepidocaryeae
Lepidocaryeae is a tribe of plants in the family Arecaceae. Subtribes and genera in the tribe are: *Subtribe Ancistrophyllinae – Africa **'' Oncocalamus'' – Central Africa **'' Eremospatha'' – Africa **'' Laccosperma'' – Africa *Subtribe Raphiinae **'' Raphia'' – Africa, Madagascar, parts of South America *Subtribe Mauritiinae – northern South America **'' Lepidocaryum'' – central Amazon basin **''Mauritia ''Mauritia'' is a genus of fan palms which is native to northern South America and to the Island of Trinidad in the Caribbean. Only two species are currently accepted. References Mauritia, Trees of South America Trees of Trinidad ...'' – northern South America **'' Mauritiella'' – northern South America See also * List of Arecaceae genera References External links Monocot tribes {{Areceae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
