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Caecosphaeroma
''Caecosphaeroma'' is a troglodytic isopod genus in the family Sphaeromatidae found in caves of NE and SW France. The genus was split off from Monolistra by Adrien Dollfus in 1896; in both genera, the female carries about 10 fertilized eggs in its external marsupium (brood pouch); they are white in ''Monolistra'' but bluish-green in ''Caecosphaeroma''. ''C. burgundum'' is the most studied species. Description They measure from 2–20 mm long. As cave dwellers, they have lost their vision, but remain sensitive to light, which they shun. They are capable of volvation (rolling themselves into a ball) to protect themselves, rest, or sleep. During copulation the male and female embrace takes the form of two concentric spheres. Development Larva remain in the marsupium about 12 months, and the animals continue growing for several years, reaching a final length of 10–20 mm. Evolution The marine ancestors of ''Caecosphaeroma'' are believed to have migrated up the course ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caecosphaeroma Virei
''Caecosphaeroma'' is a troglodytic isopod genus in the family Sphaeromatidae found in caves of NE and SW France. The genus was split off from Monolistra by Adrien Dollfus in 1896; in both genera, the female carries about 10 fertilized eggs in its external marsupium (brood pouch); they are white in ''Monolistra'' but bluish-green in ''Caecosphaeroma''. ''C. burgundum'' is the most studied species. Description They measure from 2–20 mm long. As cave dwellers, they have lost their vision, but remain sensitive to light, which they shun. They are capable of volvation (rolling themselves into a ball) to protect themselves, rest, or sleep. During copulation the male and female embrace takes the form of two concentric spheres. Development Larva remain in the marsupium about 12 months, and the animals continue growing for several years, reaching a final length of 10–20 mm. Evolution The marine ancestors of ''Caecosphaeroma'' are believed to have migrated up the course o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caecosphaeroma Burgundum
''Caecosphaeroma'' is a troglodytic isopod genus in the family Sphaeromatidae found in caves of NE and SW France. The genus was split off from Monolistra by Adrien Dollfus in 1896; in both genera, the female carries about 10 fertilized eggs in its external marsupium (brood pouch); they are white in ''Monolistra'' but bluish-green in ''Caecosphaeroma''. ''C. burgundum'' is the most studied species. Description They measure from 2–20 mm long. As cave dwellers, they have lost their vision, but remain sensitive to light, which they shun. They are capable of volvation (rolling themselves into a ball) to protect themselves, rest, or sleep. During copulation the male and female embrace takes the form of two concentric spheres. Development Larva remain in the marsupium about 12 months, and the animals continue growing for several years, reaching a final length of 10–20 mm. Evolution The marine ancestors of ''Caecosphaeroma'' are believed to have migrated up the course o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caecosphaeroma En Boule
''Caecosphaeroma'' is a troglodytic isopod genus in the family Sphaeromatidae found in caves of NE and SW France. The genus was split off from Monolistra by Adrien Dollfus in 1896; in both genera, the female carries about 10 fertilized eggs in its external marsupium (brood pouch); they are white in ''Monolistra'' but bluish-green in ''Caecosphaeroma''. ''C. burgundum'' is the most studied species. Description They measure from 2–20 mm long. As cave dwellers, they have lost their vision, but remain sensitive to light, which they shun. They are capable of volvation (rolling themselves into a ball) to protect themselves, rest, or sleep. During copulation the male and female embrace takes the form of two concentric spheres. Development Larva remain in the marsupium about 12 months, and the animals continue growing for several years, reaching a final length of 10–20 mm. Evolution The marine ancestors of ''Caecosphaeroma'' are believed to have migrated up the course ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Volvation
Volvation (from Latin ''volvere'' "roll", and the suffix ''-(a)tion''; sometimes called enrollment or conglobation), is a defensive behavior in certain animals, in which the animal rolls its own body into a ball, presenting only the hardest parts of its integument (the animal's "armor"), or its spines to predators. Among armadillos, only species in the genus Tolypeutes (South American three-banded armadillos) are able to roll into a defensive ball; the nine-banded armadillo and other species have too many plates.. Volvation is used by earthworms during periods of extreme heat or drought. Among pill millipedes, volvation is both a protection against external threats and against dehydration. Pillbugs curl themselves into "pills" not only for defense, but also to conserve moisture while resting or sleeping, because they must keep their pseudotrachaea ("gills") wet. Volvation is particularly well evolved in subterranean isopods, but only '' Caecosphaeroma burgundum'' is able to r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sphaeromatidae
Sphaeromatidae (marine pillbug family) is a family of isopods, often encountered on rocky shores and in shelf waters in temperate zones. The family includes almost 100 genera and 619 known marine species (and about 65 in fresh water). Within these genera, there are groups that share distinctive morphologies; further research may reclassify these genus-groups as separate families. Description Many species have a dorsoventrally compressed body shape, often with a vaulted dorsum, and some are strongly flattened (scale-like). Sphaeromatidae are browsers or detritus feeders. Xynosphaera appear to have incisory mandibles; ''Xynosphaera colemani'' burrows into the tissue of alcyonacean corals. Some genera of Sphaeromatidae associate with sponges, particularly Oxinasphaera. Genera The family contains the following genera: *'' Afrocerceis'' Müller, 1995 *'' Agostodina'' Bruce, 1994 *''Amphoroidea'' H. Milne-Edwards, 1840 *'' Amphoroidella'' Baker, 1908 *'' Apemosphaera'' Bruce, 1994 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adrien Dollfus
Adrien Frédéric Jules Dollfus (21 March 1858, in Mulhouse-Dornach – 19 November 1921, in Paris) was a French carcinologist known for his work with terrestrial isopods, including crustaceans and trilobites. Life and career Adrien Dollfus was the grandson of Alsatian factory owner Jean Dollfus. He was born in Dornach, Alsace, now part of the city of Mulhouse, Haut-Rhin. He completed a Bachelor of Science degree and then began a lifelong study of crustaceans and trilobites. In 1870 he founded the publication ''La Feuille des jeunes naturalistes''. In 1888 he married Anna Noémie Schlumberger in Paris, with whom he had three children. In 1912 Dollfus was chosen president of the ''Société zoologique de France''. Some species with the epithet of ''dollfusi'' are named in his honor, and others commemorate his relatives geologist Gustave Frédéric Dollfus (1850-1931) or parasitologist Robert-Philippe Dollfus (1887-1976). Around 1900, Swiss author, editor, correspondent and librar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1896
Events January–March * January 2 – The Jameson Raid comes to an end, as Jameson surrenders to the Boers. * January 4 – Utah is admitted as the 45th U.S. state. * January 5 – An Austrian newspaper reports that Wilhelm Röntgen has discovered a type of radiation (later known as X-rays). * January 6 – Cecil Rhodes is forced to resign as Prime Minister of the Cape of Good Hope, for his involvement in the Jameson Raid. * January 7 – American culinary expert Fannie Farmer publishes her first cookbook. * January 12 – H. L. Smith takes the first X-ray photograph. * January 17 – Fourth Anglo-Ashanti War: British redcoats enter the Ashanti capital, Kumasi, and Asantehene Agyeman Prempeh I is deposed. * January 18 – The X-ray machine is exhibited for the first time. * January 28 – Walter Arnold, of East Peckham, Kent, England, is fined 1 shilling for speeding at (exceeding the contemporary speed limit of , the first spee ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Troglofauna
Troglofauna are small cave-dwelling animals that have adapted to their dark surroundings. Troglofauna and stygofauna are the two types of subterranean fauna (based on life-history). Both are associated with subterranean environments – troglofauna are associated with caves and spaces above the water table and stygofauna with water. Troglofaunal species include spiders, insects, myriapods and others. Some troglofauna live permanently underground and cannot survive outside the cave environment. Troglofauna adaptations and characteristics include a heightened sense of hearing, touch and smell. Loss of under-used senses is apparent in the lack of pigmentation as well as eyesight in most troglofauna. Troglofauna insects may exhibit a lack of wings and longer appendages. Ecological categories Troglofauna are divided into three main categories based on their ecology: * Troglobionts (or troglobites): species, or populations of species, strictly bound to subterranean habitats. * Troglophi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isopod
Isopoda is an order of crustaceans that includes woodlice and their relatives. Isopods live in the sea, in fresh water, or on land. All have rigid, segmented exoskeletons, two pairs of antennae, seven pairs of jointed limbs on the thorax, and five pairs of branching appendages on the abdomen that are used in respiration. Females brood their young in a pouch under their thorax. Isopods have various feeding methods: some eat dead or decaying plant and animal matter, others are grazers, or filter feeders, a few are predators, and some are internal or external parasites, mostly of fish. Aquatic species mostly live on the seabed or bottom of freshwater bodies of water, but some taxa can swim for a short distance. Terrestrial forms move around by crawling and tend to be found in cool, moist places. Some species are able to roll themselves into a ball as a defense mechanism or to conserve moisture. There are over 10,000 identified species of isopod worldwide, with around 4,5 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cave
A cave or cavern is a natural void in the ground, specifically a space large enough for a human to enter. Caves often form by the weathering of rock and often extend deep underground. The word ''cave'' can refer to smaller openings such as sea caves, rock shelters, and grottos, that extend a relatively short distance into the rock and they are called ''exogene'' caves. Caves which extend further underground than the opening is wide are called ''endogene'' caves. Speleology is the science of exploration and study of all aspects of caves and the cave environment. Visiting or exploring caves for recreation may be called ''caving'', ''potholing'', or ''spelunking''. Formation types The formation and development of caves is known as ''speleogenesis''; it can occur over the course of millions of years. Caves can range widely in size, and are formed by various geological processes. These may involve a combination of chemical processes, erosion by water, tectonic forces, microorgani ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monolistra
''Monolistra'' is a genus of isopod crustaceans in the family Sphaeromatidae. Its members are restricted to countries of the former Yugoslavia and neighbouring Italy. It contains the following subgenera and species, four of which are listed as vulnerable (VU) or endangered (EN) on the IUCN Red List: ;''Microlistra'' Gerstaecker, 1856 *''Monolistra bolei'' (Sket, 1960) – *''Monolistra calopyge'' Sket, 1982 – *''Monolistra pretneri'' Sket, 1964 – *'' Monolistra schottlaenderi'' Stammer, 1930 – *''Monolistra sketi'' (Deeleman-Reinhold, 1971) – *''Monolistra spinosa'' (Racovitza, 1929) – *''Monolistra spinosissima'' (Racovitza, 1929) – ;''Monolistra'' Gerstaecker, 1856 *''Monolistra caeca'' Gerstaeker, 1856 - , , *''Monolistra monstruosa'' Sket, 1970 – ;''Monolistrella'' Sket, 1964 *''Monolistra velkovrhi'' Sket, 1960 ;''Pseudomonolistra'' *''Monolistra bosnica'' Sket, 1970 – *''Monolistra hercegoviniensis'' Absolon, 1916 - *''Monolistra radjai'' Prev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brood Pouch (Peracarida)
The marsupium or brood pouch, is a characteristic feature of Peracarida, including the orders Amphipoda, Isopoda, Cladocera, and Cumacea. It is an egg chamber formed by oostegites, which are appendages that are attached to the coxae (first segment) of the first pereiopods. Females lay their eggs directly into the brood chamber, and the young will develop there, undergoing several moults before emerging as miniature adults referred to as mancae. Males have no marsupium. References {{malacostraca-stub Crustacean anatomy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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