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Cadra Calidella
''Cadra calidella'', the dried fruit or date moth, is a species of snout moth in the genus ''Cadra'' and commonly mistaken for the species ''Cadra figulilella.'' It thrives in warmer conditions and is found primarily in Mediterranean countries, although it can also be found in Central Asia, Kazakhstan, Transcaucasia, Caucasus, and the western part of Russia. It feeds on dried fruits, carobs, nuts and seeds, hence earning its colloquial name. This diet damages the food industry, and it is a common storage pest. Because of this, much research has been done to study ways to limit its reproduction rate and population size. It was first described by Achille Guenée in 1845. Taxonomy and phylogenetics ''Cadra calidella'' (Guen.) is a member of the family ''Pyralidae''. A synonym is ''Ephestia calidella''—''Cadra'' and ''Ephestia'' are closely related and may be junior synonyms. The names are often used interchangeably, and typically both are used to reference the same organism. De ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Achille Guenée
Achille Guenée (sometimes M.A. Guenée; 1 January 1809 – 30 December 1880) was a French lawyer and entomologist. Biography Achille Guenée was born in Chartres and died in Châteaudun. He was educated in Chartres, where he showed a very early interest in butterflies and was encouraged and taught by François de Villiers (1790–1847). He went to study law in Paris, then entered the “Bareau”. After the death of his only son, he lived at Châteaudun in Chatelliers. During the Franco-Prussian War of 1870, Châteaudun was burned by the Prussians but Guénée's collections remained intact. He was the author of 63 publications, some with Philogène Auguste Joseph Duponchel (1774–1846). He notably wrote ''Species des nocturnes '' (''Night Species'' in English) (six volumes, 1852–1857) forming parts of the ''Suites à Buffon''. This work of almost 1,300 pages treats Noctuidae of the world. Also co-author, with Jean Baptiste Boisduval, of ''Histoire naturelle des Insec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pyralidae
The Pyralidae, commonly called pyralid moths, snout moths or grass moths, are a family of Lepidoptera in the ditrysian superfamily Pyraloidea. In many (particularly older) classifications, the grass moths (Crambidae) are included in the Pyralidae as a subfamily, making the combined group one of the largest families in the Lepidoptera. The latest review by Eugene G. Munroe and Maria Alma Solis retain the Crambidae as a full family of Pyraloidea. The wingspans for small and medium-sized species are usually between with variable morphological features. It is a diverse group, with more than 6,000 species described worldwide, and more than 600 species in America north of Mexico, comprising the third largest moth family in North America. At least 42 species have been recorded from North Dakota in the subfamilies of Pyralidae. Relationship with humans Most of these small moths are inconspicuous. Many are economically important pests, including waxworms, which are the caterpillar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cadra
''Cadra'' is a genus of small moths belonging to the family Pyralidae. The genus ''Ephestia'' is closely related to ''Cadra'' and might be its senior synonym. Several of these moths are variously assigned to one or the other genus, in particular in non-entomological sources. ''Cadra'' and ''Ephestia'' belong to the huge snout moth subfamily Phycitinae, and therein to the tribe Phycitini. ''Cadra'' species can usually be recognized by their reduced forewing venation: veins 4, 7 and 9 are missing, making for a total of nine veins in the forewing. Some members of this genus are significant pests of dry plant produce, such as seeds and nuts. The almond moth (''C. cautella'') is a well-known example of these. Species Species of ''Cadra'' include: * ''Cadra abstersella'' (Zeller, 1847) * ''Cadra acuta'' Horak, 1994 * ''Cadra calidella'' ( Guenée, 1845) – dried fruit moth, carob moth * ''Cadra cautella'' – almond moth * ''Cadra corniculata'' Horak, 1994 * ''Cadra delattin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cadra Figulilella
''Cadra figulilella'', the raisin moth, is a moth of the family Pyralidae. The raisin moth is known most commonly as a pest that feeds on dried fruits, such as the raisin and date. It covers a range that includes much of the world, primarily situating itself in areas of California, Florida, the Eastern Mediterranean region, and some parts of Africa, Australia, and South America.Phelan, P. L., and T. C. Baker"Information Transmission during Intra- and Interspecific Courtship In Ephestia Elutella and Cadra Figulilella."''Journal of Insect Behavior'' 3.5 (1990): 589-602. Web.Perring, Thomas M., Hamadttu A. F. El-Shafie, and Waqas Wakil"Carob Moth, Lesser Date Moth, and Raisin Moth."''Sustainable Pest Management in Date Palm: Current Status and Emerging Challenges'' (2015): 109-67. Web. The moth prefers to live in a hot, arid climate with little moisture and plentiful harvest for its larvae to feed on. Study of this species is important due to the vast amount of economic damage it ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diapause
In animal dormancy, diapause is the delay in development in response to regular and recurring periods of adverse environmental conditions.Tauber, M.J., Tauber, C.A., Masaki, S. (1986) ''Seasonal Adaptations of Insects''. Oxford University Press It is a physiological state with very specific initiating and inhibiting conditions. The mechanism is a means of surviving predictable, unfavorable environmental conditions, such as temperature extremes, drought, or reduced food availability. Diapause is observed in all the life stages of arthropods, especially insects. Embryonic diapause, a somewhat similar phenomenon, occurs in over 130 species of mammals, possibly even in humans, and in the embryos of many of the oviparous species of fish in the order Cyprinodontiformes. Activity levels of diapausing stages can vary considerably among species. Diapause may occur in a completely immobile stage, such as the pupae and eggs, or it may occur in very active stages that undergo extensive migrat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carob Pods And Leaves In Majorca Arp
The carob ( ; ''Ceratonia siliqua'') is a flowering evergreen tree or shrub in the Caesalpinioideae sub-family of the legume family, Fabaceae. It is widely cultivated for its edible fruit pods, and as an ornamental tree in gardens and landscapes. The carob tree is native to the Mediterranean region and the Middle East. Portugal is the largest producer of carob, followed by Italy and Morocco. In the Mediterranean Basin, extended to the southern Atlantic coast of Portugal (i.e. the Algarve region) and the Atlantic northwestern Moroccan coast, carob pods were often used as animal feed and in times of famine, as "the last source of umanfood in hard times". The ripe, dried, and sometimes toasted pod is often ground into carob powder, which was sometimes used as an ersatz cocoa powder, especially in the 1970s natural food movement. The powder and chips can be used as a chocolate alternative in most recipes. Description The carob tree grows up to tall. The crown is broad and semisph ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Buckler W The Larvæ Of The British Butterflies And Moths Plate CLVI
A buckler (French ''bouclier'' 'shield', from Old French ''bocle, boucle'' 'boss') is a small shield, up to 45 cm (up to 18 in) in diameter, gripped in the fist with a central handle behind the boss. While being used in Europe since antiquity, it became more common as a companion weapon in hand-to-hand combat during the Medieval and Renaissance periods. Its size made it poor protection against missile weapons (e.g., arrows) but useful in deflecting the blow of an opponent's weapons, binding his arms, hindering his movements, or punching him. MS I.33, considered the earliest extant armed-combat manual, (around 1300) contains an early description of a system of combat with buckler and sword. Typology According to the typology of Schmidt, there are three main types of buckler regarding their shape: *Type I: round *Type II: rectangular or trapezoid *Type III: oval or teardrop-shaped These types are combined with the cross sections: *Type a: flat *Type b: concave *Type ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bracon Hebetor
''Habrobracon hebetor'' is a minute wasp of the family Braconidae that is an ectoparasitoid of several species of moth caterpillars. Well known hosts include the larval stage of ''Plodia interpunctella'', the Indianmeal moth, the late larval stage of the Mediterranean flour moth and the almond moth, and the dried fruit moth (''Cadra calidella).'' This parasitoid has been used commercially as a way to control pests without using chemical insecticides. Use in biological control These wasps feed quickly, aided by their gut enzymes which quickly destroy the blood proteins in the moth larvae. This increases the value of the species as an effective biocontrol agent. Life cycle At , the life cycle of the wasp is about ten to thirteen days from initial parasitism to final emergence of the adult. The adult female lives about 23 days during which it produces about 100 eggs. One to 8 eggs are deposited in individual, paralyzed, late instar moth larvae. Radiation ''Habrobracon hebeto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bacillus Thuringiensis
''Bacillus thuringiensis'' (or Bt) is a gram-positive, soil-dwelling bacterium, the most commonly used biological pesticide worldwide. ''B. thuringiensis'' also occurs naturally in the gut of caterpillars of various types of moths and butterflies, as well on leaf surfaces, aquatic environments, animal feces, insect-rich environments, and flour mills and grain-storage facilities. It has also been observed to parasitize other moths such as ''Cadra calidella''—in laboratory experiments working with ''C. calidella'', many of the moths were diseased due to this parasite. During sporulation, many Bt strains produce crystal proteins (proteinaceous inclusions), called delta endotoxins, that have insecticidal action. This has led to their use as insecticides, and more recently to genetically modified crops using Bt genes, such as Bt corn. Many crystal-producing Bt strains, though, do not have insecticidal properties. The subspecies ''israelensis'' is commonly used for control of mosq ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phycitini
The Phycitini are a tribe of moths of the family Pyralidae. Genera Some significant species are also listed. * '' Abareia'' Whalley, 1970 * ''Acrobasis'' Zeller, 1839 * '' Addyme'' Walker, 1863 * '' Alberada'' Heinrich, 1939 (sometimes listed as a synonym of '' Zophodia'') * '' Alophia'' Ragonot, 1893 * '' Ammatucha'' Turner, 1922 * '' Amphithrix'' Ragonot, 1893 * '' Ancylodes'' Ragonot, 1887 * '' Ancylosis'' Zeller, 1839 * '' Ancylosoma'' Roesler, 1973 * '' Ancylostomia'' Ragonot, 1893 * '' Anonaepestis'' Ragonot, 1894 * '' Apomyelois'' Heinrich, 1956 * '' Archiephestia'' Amsel, 1955 * ''Arcola'' J. C. Shaffer, 1995 – alligatorweed stem borer * '' Arsissa'' Ragonot, 1893 * '' Asalebria'' Amsel, 1953 * '' Asarta'' Zeller, 1848 * '' Asartodes'' Ragonot, 1893 * '' Asclerobia'' Roesler, 1969 * '' Assara'' Walker, 1863 * '' Aurana'' Walker, 1863 * ''Bahiria'' Balinsky, 1994 * '' Barbifrontia'' Hampson in Ragonot, 1901 * '' Bazaria'' Ragonot, 1887 * '' Bradyrrhoa'' Zeller, 1848 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moths Described In 1845
Moths are a paraphyletic group of insects that includes all members of the order Lepidoptera that are not butterflies, with moths making up the vast majority of the order. There are thought to be approximately 160,000 species of moth, many of which have yet to be described. Most species of moth are nocturnal, but there are also crepuscular and diurnal species. Differences between butterflies and moths While the butterflies form a monophyletic group, the moths, comprising the rest of the Lepidoptera, do not. Many attempts have been made to group the superfamilies of the Lepidoptera into natural groups, most of which fail because one of the two groups is not monophyletic: Microlepidoptera and Macrolepidoptera, Heterocera and Rhopalocera, Jugatae and Frenatae, Monotrysia and Ditrysia.Scoble, MJ 1995. The Lepidoptera: Form, function and diversity. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press; 404 p. Although the rules for distinguishing moths from butterflies are not well establishe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moths Of Europe
Moths are a paraphyletic group of insects that includes all members of the order Lepidoptera that are not butterflies, with moths making up the vast majority of the order. There are thought to be approximately 160,000 species of moth, many of which have yet to be described. Most species of moth are nocturnal, but there are also crepuscular and diurnal species. Differences between butterflies and moths While the butterflies form a monophyletic group, the moths, comprising the rest of the Lepidoptera, do not. Many attempts have been made to group the superfamilies of the Lepidoptera into natural groups, most of which fail because one of the two groups is not monophyletic: Microlepidoptera and Macrolepidoptera, Heterocera and Rhopalocera, Jugatae and Frenatae, Monotrysia and Ditrysia.Scoble, MJ 1995. The Lepidoptera: Form, function and diversity. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press; 404 p. Although the rules for distinguishing moths from butterflies are not well establis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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