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Cabinet Of Ministers Of The Russian Empire
The Cabinet of Ministers was the supreme state body established on November 4, 1731 by the decree of Empress Anna Ioannovna. On December 23, 1741, after the accession of Elizabeth Petrovna, it lost its powers and was transformed into the Personal Office of the Empress. In 1756, its functions were transferred to the Conference at the Highest Court. History Having come to power in 1730, Anna Ioannovna, instead of the Supreme Privy Council, restored the Senate. Shortly after the abolition of the Privy Council, Anna Ioannovna, by a decree of November 17, 1731, established the Cabinet of Ministers. In 1735 a decree was issued, which the signature of the three cabinet ministers equated to the Imperial signature. During the reign of Anna Leopoldovna, under the influence of Minich, the Cabinet was divided into 3 departments: * Count Burkhard von Münnich, in the rank of First Minister, was in charge of the army, cadet corps and affairs on the Ladoga Canal; * Count Andrey Osterma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Supreme Privy Council
The Supreme Privy Council (russian: Верховный тайный совет) of Imperial Russia, founded on 19 February 1726 and operative until 1730, originated as a body of advisors to Empress Catherine I. History Originally, the council comprised six members— Alexander Menshikov, Fyodor Apraksin, Gavriil Golovkin, Andrey Osterman, Peter Tolstoy, and Dmitry Mikhaylovich Golitsyn. Several months later, Catherine's son-in-law, Karl Friedrich, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp, joined the Council. During Catherine's reign (1725-1727), her favorite, Prince Menshikov, dominated the Council. In her testament the Empress Catherine I authorized the Council to wield power equal to that of her successor Peter II, except in matters of succession. Peter II, Catherine's step-grandson, assumed the throne on 6 May 1727; Menshikov organised for the 11-year-old Peter to become engaged to his 15-year-old daughter Maria Alexandrovna Menshikova (25 May 1727). By the time of Menshikov's downfall i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andrey Osterman
Count Andrey Ivanovich Osterman (''Heinrich Johann Friedrich Ostermann''; russian: Андрей Иванович Остерман) (9 June 1686 31 May 1747) was a Germans, German-born Russian statesman who came to prominence under Tsar Peter I of Russia (Peter the Great, ) and served until the accession of the Elizabeth of Russia, Tsesarevna Elizabeth in 1741. He based his foreign policy on the Austrian alliance. General Admiral (1740; dismissed 1741). Early career Born in Bochum in Westphalia, to a middle-class Lutheranism, Lutheran pastor, his original name was Heinrich Johann Friedrich Ostermann. He studied languages at the University of Jena, learning German language, German, Latin, French language, French, Dutch language, Dutch, Italian language, Italian, and Russian language, Russian. Ostermann became secretary to Vice-Admiral Cornelis Kruse, who had a standing commission from Peter I of Russia, Peter the Great to pick up promising young men, and soon thereafter entered the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1731 Establishments In Europe
Events January–March * January 8 – An avalanche from the Skafjell mountain causes a massive wave in the Storfjorden fjord in Norway that sinks all boats that happen to be in the water at the time and kills people on both shores. * January 25 – A fire in Brussels at the Coudenberg Palace, at this time the home of the ruling Austrian Duchess of Brabant, destroys the building, including the state records stored therein."Fires, Great", in ''The Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being an Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Connected with the Origin and Progress of Insurance'', Cornelius Walford, ed. (C. and E. Layton, 1876) p49 * February 16 – In China, the Emperor Yongzheng orders grain to be shipped from Hubei and Guangdong to the famine-stricken Shangzhou region of Shaanxi province. * February 20 – Louise Hippolyte becomes only the second woman to serve as Princess of Monaco, the reigning monarch of the tiny European principality, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pavel Yaguzhinsky
The Count (from 1731) Pavel Ivanovich Yaguzhinsky (Yagushinsky) (1683, Grand Duchy of Lithuania – April 17, 1736, Saint Petersburg) was a Russian statesman and diplomat, associate of Peter the Great, Chamberlain (1712), Ober-Stallmeister (1727), General-in-chief (1727), the first Attorney General in Russian history (1722–1726, 1730–1735). He was famous for his honesty and integrity, which Peter the Great appreciated in him in the first place. Origin The son of the organist Yaguzhinsky, a native of Lithuania, he probably originated from the town of Kublichi of the Połock Voivodeship of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (the Kublichi area now forms part of the Ushachy district of Vitebsk Region in present-day Belarus). In 1687, together with his father's family, he arrived in Russia. Thanks to his sharpness and sense of duty, he proved himself in the service of Fedor Golovin (as a page, then as a Page of the Chamber). In 1701 he was enlisted in the guard, in the Preobrazhe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mikhail Golovkin
Count Mikhail Gavrilovich Golovkin (1699 – 1754, Yarmong in Kolyma) was a Russian diplomat, the Chancellor's son, married to the cousin of Empress Anna Ioannovna. Vice–Chancellor, Head of the Monetary Office, Cabinet Minister in 1740–1741, then in exile until the end of his life. Life at court In 1712, he was sent abroad for training. Ten years later, he served as ambassador at the Prussian court in Berlin.Golovkin, Mikhail Gavrilovich // : In 86 Volumes (82 Volumes and 4 Additional) – Saint Petersburg, 1890–1907 Under |
Alexey Bestuzhev-Ryumin
Count Alexey Petrovich Bestuzhev-Ryumin (russian: Алексе́й Петро́вич Бесту́жев-Рю́мин; 1 June 1693 – 21 April 1766) was a Russian diplomat and Chancellor (Russia), chancellor. He was one of the most influential and successful diplomats in 18th-century Europe. As the chancellor of the Russian Empire was chiefly responsible for Russian foreign policy during the reign of Empress Elizabeth of Russia, Elizaveta Petrovna. Early life and career Alexey was born at Moscow to an old noble family of Novgorod descent. His father, Pyotr Bestuzhev-Ryumin, was Novgorod governor and a confidant of Empress Anna of Russia, Anna Ioannova. Later, he became the Russian ambassador to the duchy of Courland. Educated abroad with his elder brother, Mikhail Petrovich Bestuzhev-Ryumin, Mikhail, at Copenhagen and Berlin, Alexey especially distinguished himself in languages and the applied sciences. In 1712, Peter the Great attached Bestuzhev to Prince Boris Kurakin, Kurakin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Artemy Volynsky
Artemy Petrovich Volynsky (russian: Арте́мий Петро́вич Волы́нский; 1689–1740) was a Russian statesman and diplomat. His career started as a soldier but was rapidly upgraded to ambassador to Safavid Iran, and later as Governor of Astrakhan during the reign of Peter the Great (r. 1682–1725). He was later accused of corruption and stripped of nearly all his powers, before Catherine I of Russia sent him to govern the vast Governorate of Kazan. Anna of Russia appointed Volynsky one of her three chief ministers in 1738. After beating the noted poet Vasily Trediakovsky, Volynsky was arrested on charges of conspiracy and misconduct. Volynsky's archenemy Ernst Johann von Biron had him sentenced to death and beheaded on 27 June 1740. Military youth Artemy Volynsky was a male-line descendant of Prince Bobrok and thus the Lithuanian Gediminid dynasty. His father was one of the dignitaries at the court of Feodor III, and also a voivod in Kazan. He entered a dr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gavriil Golovkin
Count Gavrila (Gavriil) Ivanovich Golovkin (russian: Гаври́ла (Гаврии́л) Ива́нович Голо́вкин) (1660 – 20 January 1734) was a Russian politician, statesman who formally presided over foreign affairs of the Russian Empire from 1706 until his death. The real control over Russian diplomacy during his lengthy term in office was exercised by Boris Kurakin until 1727 and by Andrey Osterman after his death. In 1677, while still a young man, Gavrila Golovkin was attached to the court of the tsarevich Peter I of Russia, Peter, with whose mother Nataliya Kyrillovna Naryshkina, Nataliya he was connected, and vigilantly guarded him during the disquieting period of the regency of Sophia Alekseyevna, Sophia. He accompanied the young tsar abroad on his first foreign tour, and worked by his side in the dockyards of Zaandam. In 1706, he succeeded Fyodor Alexeyevich Golovin, Golovin in the direction of foreign policy, and was created the first Russian grand-chancell ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexey Cherkassky
Prince Alexey Mikhailovich Cherkassky or Tcherkassky (''Алексей Михайлович Черкасский'' in Russian, 1680–1742) was the Chancellor of the Russian Empire in the beginning of Empress Elizabeth's reign. Life Prince Cherkassky stemmed from one of Russia's richest families which descended from the sovereign rulers of Circassia, a relation to Prince Alexander Bekovich-Cherkassky. His surname translates as "Circassian". In 1702, Prince Cherkassky held a post of senior stolnik (tsar's personal assistant) and was soon assigned to assist his father, Prince Mikhail Yakovlevich Cherkassky, who had been a voivod in Tobolsk at that time. Tcherkassky served under his father for 10 years and in 1714 was summoned to Saint Petersburg. There, he was appointed member of the Urban Construction Commission. In 1719, Peter the Great sent Aleksey to Siberia as governor. In 1726, he became a senator. During the election of Anna Ivanovna for the Russian throne in 1730, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Knyaz
, or ( Old Church Slavonic: Кнѧзь) is a historical Slavic title, used both as a royal and noble title in different times of history and different ancient Slavic lands. It is usually translated into English as prince or duke, depending on specific historical context and the potentially known Latin equivalents of the title for each bearer of the name. In Latin sources the title is usually translated as , but the word was originally derived from the common Germanic (king). The female form transliterated from Bulgarian and Russian is (), in Slovene and Serbo-Croatian (Serbian Cyrillic: ), ''kniahinia'' (княгіня) in Belarusian and ''kniazioŭna'' (князёўна) is the daughter of the prince, (княгиня) in Ukrainian. In Russian, the daughter of a knyaz is (). In Russian, the son of a knyaz is ( in its old form). The title is pronounced and written similarly in different European languages. In Serbo-Croatian and some West Slavic languages, the word ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Burkhard Christoph Von Münnich
Burkhard Christoph Graf von Münnich (, tr. ; – ) was a German-born army officer who became a field marshal and political figure in the Russian Empire. He carried out major reforms in the Russian Army and founded several elite military formations during the reign of Empress Anna of Russia (). As a statesman, he is regarded as the founder of Russian philhellenism. Like his father, Münnich was an engineer and a specialist in hydrotechnology. He had the rank of count of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation. Early career Münnich was born at Neuenhuntorf in the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg in the military family of Anton Günther Mönnich (since 1688 ''von Münnich'', an east-Frisian nobility). Besides the knowledge of the native Low German language he also learned the Latin and French languages. He entered the French service at 17. Thence he transferred successively to the armies of Hesse-Darmstadt and of Saxony where he earned the rank of a colonel and later Major G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conference At The Highest Court Of The Russian Empire
The Conference at the Highest Court (also known as ''Ministerial Conference'') was the highest state institution of the Russian Empire. It was established in 1756 on the initiative of Chancellor Alexey Bestuzhev-Ryumin. It was abolished in 1762. Formally considered an advisory body, but in most cases acted independently on behalf of the empress. The conference used legislative power, gave instructions and orders to the Governing Senate, Senate, the Synod, the colleges and other central institutions of the empire. Origin As a permanent institution, it emerged along the lines of the Austrian ''Hofkriegsrat'' from the "Conference on Foreign Affairs" — non-periodically convened meetings that replaced the Cabinet of Ministers and gathered at the court according to the decree of Elizabeth of Russia, Elizabeth Petrovna of December 23, 1741 to discuss the most important foreign policy issues. At a meeting of conference ministers on March 14, 1756, it was announced that the empress was in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
