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C Sharp 3.0
The programming language C# version 3.0 was released on 19 November 2007 as part of .NET Framework 3.5. It includes new features inspired by functional programming languages such as Haskell and ML, and is driven largely by the introduction of the Language Integrated Query (LINQ) pattern to the Common Language Runtime. It is not currently standardized by any standards organisation. C# 3.0 features LINQ (language-integrated query) LINQ is a new Microsoft-specific extensible, general-purpose query language for many kinds of data sources—including plain object collections, XML documents, databases, etc.—which is tightly integrated with other C# language facilities. The syntax is different from, but borrows from SQL. An example: int[] array = ; // Select squares of all odd numbers in the array sorted in descending order IEnumerable query = from x in array where x % 2 1 orderby x descending select ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
C Sharp (programming Language)
C# ( pronounced: C-sharp) ( ) is a general-purpose high-level programming language supporting multiple paradigms. C# encompasses static typing, strong typing, lexically scoped, imperative, declarative, functional, generic, object-oriented (class-based), and component-oriented programming disciplines. The principal inventors of the C# programming language were Anders Hejlsberg, Scott Wiltamuth, and Peter Golde from Microsoft. It was first widely distributed in July 2000 and was later approved as an international standard by Ecma (ECMA-334) in 2002 and ISO/ IEC (ISO/IEC 23270 and 20619) in 2003. Microsoft introduced C# along with .NET Framework and Microsoft Visual Studio, both of which are technically speaking, closed-source. At the time, Microsoft had no open-source products. Four years later, in 2004, a free and open-source project called Microsoft Mono began, providing a cross-platform compiler and runtime environment for the C# programming language. A decad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anonymous Type
Anonymous types are a feature of C# 3.0, Visual Basic .NET 9.0, Oxygene, Scala and Go that allows data types to encapsulate a set of properties into a single object without having to first explicitly define a type. This is an important feature for the SQL-like LINQ feature that is integrated into C# and VB.net. Since anonymous types do not have a named type, they must be stored in variables declared using the var keyword, telling the C# compiler to use type inference for the variable. The properties created are read-only in C#, however, they are read-write in VB.net. This feature should not be confused with dynamic typing In computer programming, a type system is a logical system comprising a set of rules that assigns a property called a ''type'' (for example, integer, floating point, string) to every '' term'' (a word, phrase, or other set of symbols). Usu .... While anonymous types allow programmers to define fields seemingly "on the fly," they are still static e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reflection (computer Science)
In computer science, reflective programming or reflection is the ability of a process to examine, introspect, and modify its own structure and behavior. Historical background The earliest computers were programmed in their native assembly languages, which were inherently reflective, as these original architectures could be programmed by defining instructions as data and using self-modifying code. As the bulk of programming moved to higher-level compiled languages such as ALGOL, COBOL, Fortran, Pascal, and C, this reflective ability largely disappeared until new programming languages with reflection built into their type systems appeared. Brian Cantwell Smith's 1982 doctoral dissertation introduced the notion of computational reflection in procedural programming languages and the notion of the meta-circular interpreter as a component of 3-Lisp. Uses Reflection helps programmers make generic software libraries to display data, process different formats of data, perform se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Expression Tree
A binary expression tree is a specific kind of a binary tree used to represent Expression (mathematics), expressions. Two common types of expressions that a binary expression tree can represent are algebraic and boolean algebra, boolean. These trees can represent expressions that contain both unary operation, unary and binary function, binary operators. Like any binary tree, each node of a binary expression tree has zero, one, or two children. This restricted structure simplifies the processing of expression trees. Construction of an expression tree Example The input in postfix notation is: a b + c d e + * * Since the first two symbols are operands, one-node trees are created and pointers to them are pushed onto a stack. For convenience the stack will grow from left to right. The next symbol is a '+'. It pops the two pointers to the trees, a new tree is formed, and a pointer to it is pushed onto the stack. Next, c, d, and e are read. A one-node tree is created for each ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abstract Syntax Tree
An abstract syntax tree (AST) is a data structure used in computer science to represent the structure of a program or code snippet. It is a tree representation of the abstract syntactic structure of text (often source code) written in a formal language. Each node of the tree denotes a construct occurring in the text. It is sometimes called just a syntax tree. The syntax is "abstract" in the sense that it does not represent every detail appearing in the real syntax, but rather just the structural or content-related details. For instance, grouping parentheses are implicit in the tree structure, so these do not have to be represented as separate nodes. Likewise, a syntactic construct like an if-condition-then statement may be denoted by means of a single node with three branches. This distinguishes abstract syntax trees from concrete syntax trees, traditionally designated parse trees. Parse trees are typically built by a parser during the source code translation and compiling pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Closure (computer Science)
In programming languages, a closure, also lexical closure or function closure, is a technique for implementing lexically scoped name binding in a language with first-class functions. Operationally, a closure is a record storing a function together with an environment. The environment is a mapping associating each free variable of the function (variables that are used locally, but defined in an enclosing scope) with the value or reference to which the name was bound when the closure was created. Unlike a plain function, a closure allows the function to access those ''captured variables'' through the closure's copies of their values or references, even when the function is invoked outside their scope. History and etymology The concept of closures was developed in the 1960s for the mechanical evaluation of expressions in the λ-calculus and was first fully implemented in 1970 as a language feature in the PAL programming language to support lexically scoped first-class func ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Microsoft
Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational corporation and technology company, technology conglomerate headquartered in Redmond, Washington. Founded in 1975, the company became influential in the History of personal computers#The early 1980s and home computers, rise of personal computers through software like Windows, and the company has since expanded to Internet services, cloud computing, video gaming and other fields. Microsoft is the List of the largest software companies, largest software maker, one of the Trillion-dollar company, most valuable public U.S. companies, and one of the List of most valuable brands, most valuable brands globally. Microsoft was founded by Bill Gates and Paul Allen to develop and sell BASIC interpreters for the Altair 8800. It rose to dominate the personal computer operating system market with MS-DOS in the mid-1980s, followed by Windows. During the 41 years from 1980 to 2021 Microsoft released 9 versions of MS-DOS with a median frequen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reference Type
In certain computer programming languages, data types are classified as either value types or reference types, where reference types are always implicitly accessed via references, whereas value type variables directly contain the values themselves. Properties of value types and reference types Even among languages that have this distinction, the exact properties of value and reference types vary from language to language, but typical properties include: * Primitive data types, such as Booleans, fixed-size integers, floating-point values, and characters, are value types. * Objects, in the sense of object-oriented programming, belong to reference types. * Assigning to a variable of reference type simply copies the reference, whereas assigning to a variable of value type copies the value. This applies to all kinds of variables, including local variables, fields of objects, and array elements. Likewise when calling a function: parameters of reference type are copies of the reference ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Syntactic Sugar
In computer science, syntactic sugar is syntax within a programming language that is designed to make things easier to read or to express. It makes the language "sweeter" for human use: things can be expressed more clearly, more concisely, or in an alternative style that some may prefer. Syntactic sugar is usually a shorthand for a common operation that could also be expressed in an alternate, more verbose, form: The programmer has a choice of whether to use the shorter form or the longer form, but will usually use the shorter form since it is shorter and easier to type and read. For example, many programming languages provide special syntax for referencing and updating array elements. Abstractly, an array reference is a procedure of two arguments: an array and a subscript vector, which could be expressed as get_array(Array, vector(i,j)). Instead, many languages provide syntax such as Array ,j/code>. Similarly an array element update is a procedure consisting of three arguments, fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NET Framework 3
NET may refer to: Broadcast media United States * National Educational Television, the predecessor of the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) in the United States * National Empowerment Television, a politically conservative cable TV network, now defunct, also known as "America's Voice" * Nebraska Educational Telecommunications, a state network of Television (PBS) and Radio Stations (NPR) in Nebraska, United States * New Evangelization Television, a Christian-oriented TV channel based in New York, United States Elsewhere * NET (telecommunications), a Brazilian cable television operator * MDTV (Indonesian TV network), an Indonesian television network formerly known as NET * NET (Maltese TV channel), a Maltese television station * NET 5, a Dutch television station * Net 25, a Philippine television station * New Hellenic Television, a Greek television network, currently known as ERT2 * Nihon Educational Television, former name of TV Asahi Science and technology * Noise- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Type Inference
Type inference, sometimes called type reconstruction, refers to the automatic detection of the type of an expression in a formal language. These include programming languages and mathematical type systems, but also natural languages in some branches of computer science and linguistics. Nontechnical explanation In a typed language, a term's type determines the ways it can and cannot be used in that language. For example, consider the English language and terms that could fill in the blank in the phrase "sing _." The term "a song" is of singable type, so it could be placed in the blank to form a meaningful phrase: "sing a song." On the other hand, the term "a friend" does not have the singable type, so "sing a friend" is nonsense. At best it might be metaphor; bending type rules is a feature of poetic language. A term's type can also affect the interpretation of operations involving that term. For instance, "a song" is of composable type, so we interpret it as the thing created ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LINQ
LinQ (pronounced "link") is a Japanese girl group. Their name stands for "Love in Qshu", in reference to their hometown of Fukuoka, on the island of Kyushu. Members The members were formerly divided into two groups, Qty and Lady. Current *Yuumi Takaki *Rana Kaizuki *Rei Kuroda *Minami Arimura *Sawa Morito *Akari Hanayama *Meku Tachibana *Rizu Orita *Yuu Moriyama Notable Former *Manami Sakura *Ayano Yamaki *Kana Fukuyama *MYU *Chisa Ando *Asaka Sakai *Maina Kohinata *Chiaki Yoshikawa *Sakura Araki *Riona Yoda *Miyu Kaneko *Riko Ozora Subunits LinQ Qty (LinQ Cutie) is a derived unit consisting of LinQ's teenage members. It was formed in April 2023. SRAM performs rock style songs. It was formed in November 2013. Timeline ImageSize = width:950 height:550 PlotArea = width:855 height:525 left:75 bottom:20 Alignbars = justify DateFormat = mm/dd/yyyy Period = from:04/17/2011 till:2025 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal format:yyyy Colors = id:a value:rgb(1,0,0) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
