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CYP105 Family
Cytochrome P450, family 105, also known as CYP105, is a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase family in bacteria, predominantly found in the phylum Actinomycetota and the order Actinomycetales. The first three genes and subfamilys identified in this family is the herbicide-inducible P-450SU1 (CYP105A1, subfamily A) and P-450SU2 (CYP105B1, subfamily B) from '' Streptomyces griseolus'' and choP (CYP105C1, subfamily C) from '' Streptomyces sp''s cholesterol oxidase promoter region. Subfamily Application CYP105 enzymes is widely used in industry, such as the production of pravastatin Pravastatin, sold under the brand name Pravachol among others, is a statin medication, used for preventing cardiovascular disease in those at high risk and treating abnormal lipids. It should be used together with diet changes, exercise, and w .... References {{genetics-stub 105 Protein families ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CYP Gene Superfamily '', orchid genus
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CYP may refer to: * CYP, IATA airport code for Calbayog Airport in the Philippines * CYP, national railway code for Crystal Palace railway station in London, UK * CYP, ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 country code for Cyprus * CYP, ISO 4217 code for the Cypriot pound * Cyclophilin * Cytochrome P450, isoenzyme * ''Cypripedium ''Cypripedium'' is a genus of 58 species and nothospecies of hardy Orchidaceae, orchids; it is one of five genera that together compose the subfamily of lady's slipper orchids (Cypripedioideae). They are widespread across much of the Northern He ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vitamin D3 Dihydroxylase
Vitamin D3 dihydroxylase is a cytochrome P450 enzyme purified from the actinobacterium '' Streptomyces griseolus'', with EC number and CYP Symbol CYP105A1 ( Cytochrome P450, family 105, member A1), catalyses oxidation of cholecalciferol(vitamin D3) to calcitriol Calcitriol is the active form of vitamin D, normally made in the kidney. It is also known as 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol. It is a hormone which binds to and activates the vitamin D receptor in the nucleus of the cell, which then increases the .... References EC 1.14.15 105 {{Enzyme-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pravastatin
Pravastatin, sold under the brand name Pravachol among others, is a statin medication, used for preventing cardiovascular disease in those at high risk and treating abnormal lipids. It should be used together with diet changes, exercise, and weight loss. It is taken by mouth. Common side effects include joint pain, diarrhea, nausea, headaches, and muscle pains. Serious side effects may include rhabdomyolysis, liver problems, and diabetes. Use during pregnancy may harm the baby. Like all statins, pravastatin works by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme found in liver that plays a role in producing cholesterol. Pravastatin was patented in 1980 and approved for medical use in 1989. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It is available as a generic medication. In 2020, it was the 34th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 17million prescriptions. Medical uses Pravastatin is primarily used for the treatment o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhodococcus Fascians
''Rhodococcus fascians'' (known as ''Corynebacterium fascians'' until 1984) is a Gram positive bacterial phytopathogen that causes leafy gall disease. ''R. fascians'' is the only phytopathogenic member of the genus ''Rhodococcus''; its host range includes both dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous hosts. Because it commonly afflicts tobacco (''Nicotiana'') plants, it is an agriculturally significant pathogen. Physiology and morphology ''R. fascians'' is an aerobic, pleiomorphic, actinomycete that is nonmotile and does not form spores. When grown on the surface of an agar plate, colonies are orange in color and appear both smooth or rough. Virulence ''R. fascians'' can be a pathogen of plants, both angiosperm or gymnosperm. Infected plants show typical symptoms, such as leaf deformation, witches broom and leaf gall, which development depends on the plant's cultivar, plant's age, and the bacterial strain. Leaf deformation consists of widening of parenchyma and growth of vas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Streptomyces Griseus
''Streptomyces griseus'' is a species of bacteria in the genus ''Streptomyces'' commonly found in soil. A few strains have been also reported from deep-sea sediments. It is a Gram-positive bacterium with high GC content. Along with most other streptomycetes, ''S. griseus'' strains are well known producers of antibiotics and other such commercially significant secondary metabolites. These strains are known to be producers of 32 different structural types of bioactive compounds. Streptomycin, the first antibiotic ever reported from a bacterium, comes from strains of ''S. griseus''. Recently, the whole genome sequence of one of its strains had been completed. The taxonomic history of ''S. griseus'' and its phylogenetically related strains has been turbulent. ''S. griseus'' was first described in 1914 by Krainsky, who called the species ''Actinomyces griseus''. The name was changed in 1948 by Waksman and Henrici to ''Streptomyces griseus''. The interest in these strains stems from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Promoter Region
In genetics, a promoter is a sequence of DNA to which proteins bind to initiate transcription of a single RNA transcript from the DNA downstream of the promoter. The RNA transcript may encode a protein (mRNA), or can have a function in and of itself, such as tRNA or rRNA. Promoters are located near the transcription start sites of genes, upstream on the DNA (towards the 5' region of the sense strand). Promoters can be about 100–1000 base pairs long, the sequence of which is highly dependent on the gene and product of transcription, type or class of RNA polymerase recruited to the site, and species of organism. Promoters control gene expression in bacteria and eukaryotes. RNA polymerase must attach to DNA near a gene for transcription to occur. Promoter DNA sequences provide an enzyme binding site. The -10 sequence is TATAAT. -35 sequences are conserved on average, but not in most promoters. Artificial promoters with conserved -10 and -35 elements transcribe more slowly. All D ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cholesterol Oxidase
In enzymology, a cholesterol oxidase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction :cholesterol + O2 \rightleftharpoons cholest-4-en-3-one + H2O2 Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are cholesterol and O2, whereas its two products are cholest-4-en-3-one and H2O2. This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-OH group of donor with oxygen as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is cholesterol:oxygen oxidoreductase. Other names in common use include cholesterol- O2 oxidoreductase, 3beta-hydroxy steroid oxidoreductase, and 3beta-hydroxysteroid:oxygen oxidoreductase. This enzyme participates in bile acid biosynthesis. The substrate-binding domain found in some bacterial cholesterol oxidases is composed of an eight-stranded mixed beta-pleated sheet and six alpha-helices. This domain is positioned over the isoalloxazine ring system of the FAD cofactor bound by the FAD-binding domain and forms the roof of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Streptomyces Sp
''Streptomyces'' is the largest genus of Actinomycetota and the type genus of the family Streptomycetaceae. Over 500 species of ''Streptomyces'' bacteria have been described. As with the other Actinomycetota, streptomycetes are gram-positive, and have genomes with high GC content. Found predominantly in soil and decaying vegetation, most streptomycetes produce spores, and are noted for their distinct "earthy" odor that results from production of a volatile metabolite, geosmin. Streptomycetes are characterised by a complex secondary metabolism. They produce over two-thirds of the clinically useful antibiotics of natural origin (e.g., neomycin, streptomycin, cypemycin, grisemycin, bottromycins and chloramphenicol). The antibiotic streptomycin takes its name directly from ''Streptomyces''. Streptomycetes are infrequent pathogens, though infections in humans, such as mycetoma, can be caused by '' S. somaliensis'' and '' S. sudanensis'', and in plants can be caused by '' S. cavis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Streptomyces Griseolus
''Streptomyces halstedii'' is a bacterium species from the genus of ''Streptomyces'' which has been isolated from deeper soil layers. ''Streptomyces halstedii'' produces magnamycin B, vicenistatin deltamycin A2, deltamycin A3, bafilomycin B1 and bafilomycin C1. ''Streptomyces halstedii'' also produces complex antifungal antibiotics like oligomycins (oligomycin A, oligomycin B, oligomycin C) and the antibiotics anisomycin and sinefungin. Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * See also * List of Streptomyces species A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lists may also refer to: People * List (surname) Organizations * List College, an undergraduate division of the Jewish Theological Seminary of America * SC Germania List, German rugby union ... References External linksType strain of ''Streptomyces halstedii'' at Bac''Dive'' - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase halstedii Bacteria described in 1948 {{Streptomyces-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Herbicide
Herbicides (, ), also commonly known as weedkillers, are substances used to control undesired plants, also known as weeds.EPA. February 201Pesticides Industry. Sales and Usage 2006 and 2007: Market Estimates. Summary in press releasMain page for EPA reports on pesticide use ihere Selective herbicides control specific weed species, while leaving the desired crop relatively unharmed, while non-selective herbicides (sometimes called total weedkillers in commercial products) can be used to clear waste ground, industrial and construction sites, railways and railway embankments as they kill all plant material with which they come into contact. Apart from selective/non-selective, other important distinctions include ''persistence'' (also known as ''residual action'': how long the product stays in place and remains active), ''means of uptake'' (whether it is absorbed by above-ground foliage only, through the roots, or by other means), and ''mechanism of action'' (how it works). Historica ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cytochrome P450
Cytochromes P450 (CYPs) are a Protein superfamily, superfamily of enzymes containing heme as a cofactor (biochemistry), cofactor that functions as monooxygenases. In mammals, these proteins oxidize steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics, and are important for the clearance (pharmacology), clearance of various compounds, as well as for hormone synthesis and breakdown. In 1963, Ronald W. Estabrook, Estabrook, David Y. Cooper, Cooper, and Otto Rosenthal, Rosenthal described the role of CYP as a catalyst in steroid hormone synthesis and drug metabolism. In plants, these proteins are important for the biosynthesis of secondary metabolite, defensive compounds, fatty acids, and hormones. CYP enzymes have been identified in all kingdom (biology), kingdoms of life: animals, plants, fungus, fungi, protists, bacteria, and archaea, as well as in viruses. However, they are not omnipresent; for example, they have not been found in ''Escherichia coli''. , more than 300,000 distinct CYP proteins ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Actinomycetales
The Actinomycetales is an order of Actinomycetota. A member of the order is often called an actinomycete. Actinomycetales are generally gram-positive and anaerobic and have mycelia in a filamentous and branching growth pattern. Some actinomycetes can form rod- or coccoid-shaped forms, while others can form spores on aerial hyphae. Actinomycetales bacteria can be infected by bacteriophages, which are called actinophages. Actinomycetales can range from harmless bacteria to pathogens with resistance to antibiotics. Reproduction Actinomycetales have 2 main forms of reproduction: spore formation and hyphae fragmentation. During reproduction, Actinomycetales can form conidiophores, sporangiospores, and oidiospores. In reproducing through hyphae fragmentation, the hyphae formed by Actinomycetales can be a fifth to half the size of fungal hyphae, and bear long spore chains. Presence and associations Actinomycetales can be found mostly in soil and decaying organic matter, as well as in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
