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CWC Mode
In cryptography, CWC Mode (Carter–Wegman + CTR mode) is an AEAD block cipher mode of operation that provides both encryption and built-in message integrity, similar to CCM and OCB modes. It combines the use of CTR mode for encryption with an efficient polynomial Carter–Wegman MAC and is designed by Tadayoshi Kohno, John Viega and Doug Whiting. CWC mode was submitted to NIST for standardization, but NIST opted for the similar GCM mode In cryptography, Galois/Counter Mode (GCM) is a mode of operation for symmetric-key cryptographic block ciphers which is widely adopted for its performance. GCM throughput rates for state-of-the-art, high-speed communication channels can be achiev ... instead. Although GCM has weaknesses compared to CWC, the GCM authors successfully argued for GCM.https://csrc.nist.gov/CSRC/media/Projects/Block-Cipher-Techniques/documents/BCM/Comments/CWC-GCM/gcm-update.pdf References External links CWC mode home pageCWC: A high-performance conventiona ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cryptography
Cryptography, or cryptology (from grc, , translit=kryptós "hidden, secret"; and ''graphein'', "to write", or ''-logia'', "study", respectively), is the practice and study of techniques for secure communication in the presence of adversarial behavior. More generally, cryptography is about constructing and analyzing protocols that prevent third parties or the public from reading private messages. Modern cryptography exists at the intersection of the disciplines of mathematics, computer science, information security, electrical engineering, digital signal processing, physics, and others. Core concepts related to information security ( data confidentiality, data integrity, authentication, and non-repudiation) are also central to cryptography. Practical applications of cryptography include electronic commerce, chip-based payment cards, digital currencies, computer passwords, and military communications. Cryptography prior to the modern age was effectively synonymo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Block Cipher Modes Of Operation
In cryptography, a block cipher mode of operation is an algorithm that uses a block cipher to provide information security such as confidentiality or authenticity. A block cipher by itself is only suitable for the secure cryptographic transformation (encryption or decryption) of one fixed-length group of bits called a block. A mode of operation describes how to repeatedly apply a cipher's single-block operation to securely transform amounts of data larger than a block. Most modes require a unique binary sequence, often called an initialization vector (IV), for each encryption operation. The IV has to be non-repeating and, for some modes, random as well. The initialization vector is used to ensure distinct ciphertexts are produced even when the same plaintext is encrypted multiple times independently with the same key. Block ciphers may be capable of operating on more than one block size, but during transformation the block size is always fixed. Block cipher modes operate on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
AEAD Block Cipher Modes Of Operation
Authenticated Encryption (AE) and Authenticated Encryption with Associated Data (AEAD) are forms of encryption which simultaneously assure the confidentiality and authenticity of data. Programming interface A typical programming interface for an AE implementation provides the following functions: * Encryption ** Input: ''plaintext'', ''key'', and optionally a ''header'' in plaintext that will not be encrypted, but will be covered by authenticity protection. ** Output: ''ciphertext'' and ''authentication tag'' (message authentication code or MAC). * Decryption ** Input: ''ciphertext'', ''key'', ''authentication tag'', and optionally a ''header'' (if used during the encryption). ** Output: ''plaintext'', or an error if the ''authentication tag'' does not match the supplied ''ciphertext'' or ''header''. The ''header'' part is intended to provide authenticity and integrity protection for networking or storage metadata for which confidentiality is unnecessary, but authenticity is d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tadayoshi Kohno
Tadayoshi (written: , , , , , or ) is a masculine Japanese given name A given name (also known as a forename or first name) is the part of a personal name quoted in that identifies a person, potentially with a middle name as well, and differentiates that person from the other members of a group (typically a fa .... Notable people with the name include: *, Japanese samurai *, Japanese equestrian *, Japanese ''kugyō'' *, Japanese politician *, Japanese politician *, Japanese ''daimyō'' *, Japanese ''daimyō'' *, Japanese ''daimyō'' *, Japanese idol, singer and actor *, Japanese general *, Japanese samurai and ''daimyō'' *, Japanese ''daimyō'' *, Japanese ''daimyō'' *, Japanese samurai *, Japanese volleyball player {{given name Japanese masculine given names ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Viega
John Viega (born February 22, 1974) is an American computer security author, researcher and professional. Early life He earned his BA from the University of Virginia. As an undergraduate, he worked in Randy Pausch's Stage 3 Research Group, as an early contributor to Alice. Viega earned an MS in Computer Science, also from the University of Virginia. Career John Viega co-authored the widely used GCM mode of operation for AES, along with David A. McGrew. He also co-designed its predecessor, CWC mode John Viega was also a pioneer in static analysis for security vulnerabilities. He was responsible for the first publicly available tool, ITS4., as well as the prominent open source Rough Auditing Tool for Security (RATS). He also founded Secure Software, the first commercial vendor for such tools, which was bought by Fortify Software. John Viega was also the original author of OWASP's CLASP, a lightweight process for relating software development to security. He is also a for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Doug Whiting
Doug is a male personal name (or, depending on which definition of "personal name" one uses, part of a personal name). It is sometimes a given name (or "first name"), but more often it is hypocorism (affectionate variation of a personal name) which takes the place of a given name, usually Douglas. Notable people with the name include: Douglas Grosch, ex. People A–C * Doug Allison (1846–1916), American baseball player * Doug Anderson (other), multiple people * Doug Applegate (other), multiple people * Doug Armstrong (born 1964), Canadian National Hockey League team general manager * Doug Armstrong (broadcaster) (1931–2015), New Zealand cricketer, television sports broadcaster and politician * Doug Baldwin (born 1988), American football player * Doug Baldwin (ice hockey) (1922–2007), Canadian ice hockey player * Doug Bennett (other), multiple people * Doug Bereuter (born 1939), American former politician * Doug Bing (born 1950/51), Canadian p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Institute Of Standards And Technology
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is an agency of the United States Department of Commerce whose mission is to promote American innovation and industrial competitiveness. NIST's activities are organized into physical science laboratory programs that include nanoscale science and technology, engineering, information technology, neutron research, material measurement, and physical measurement. From 1901 to 1988, the agency was named the National Bureau of Standards. History Background The Articles of Confederation, ratified by the colonies in 1781, provided: The United States in Congress assembled shall also have the sole and exclusive right and power of regulating the alloy and value of coin struck by their own authority, or by that of the respective states—fixing the standards of weights and measures throughout the United States. Article 1, section 8, of the Constitution of the United States, ratified in 1789, granted these powers to the new Congr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Galois/Counter Mode
In cryptography, Galois/Counter Mode (GCM) is a mode of operation for symmetric-key cryptographic block ciphers which is widely adopted for its performance. GCM throughput rates for state-of-the-art, high-speed communication channels can be achieved with inexpensive hardware resources. The operation is an authenticated encryption algorithm designed to provide both data authenticity (integrity) and confidentiality. GCM is defined for block ciphers with a block size of 128 bits. Galois Message Authentication Code (GMAC) is an authentication-only variant of the GCM which can form an incremental message authentication code. Both GCM and GMAC can accept initialization vectors of arbitrary length. Different block cipher modes of operation can have significantly different performance and efficiency characteristics, even when used with the same block cipher. GCM can take full advantage of parallel processing and implementing GCM can make efficient use of an instruction pipeline or a hard ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Advanced Encryption Standard
The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), also known by its original name Rijndael (), is a specification for the encryption of electronic data established by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in 2001. AES is a variant of the Rijndael block cipher developed by two Belgian cryptographers, Joan Daemen and Vincent Rijmen, who submitted a proposal to NIST during the AES selection process. Rijndael is a family of ciphers with different key and block sizes. For AES, NIST selected three members of the Rijndael family, each with a block size of 128 bits, but three different key lengths: 128, 192 and 256 bits. AES has been adopted by the U.S. government. It supersedes the Data Encryption Standard (DES), which was published in 1977. The algorithm described by AES is a symmetric-key algorithm, meaning the same key is used for both encrypting and decrypting the data. In the United States, AES was announced by the NIST as U.S. FIPS PUB 197 (FIPS 197) on Novemb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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