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CNNA Aircraft
Companhia Nacional de Navegação Aérea ("National Aerial Navigation Company", usually known as CNNA) was a Brazilian aircraft manufacturer of the 1940s. History It produced Antônio Muniz designs under licence, as well as prototypes for a wide range of civil aircraft. Its greatest successes were the HL-1 and HL-6, which were purchased in number by the Brazilian government for the country's aeroclubs as part of a pilot training initiative. Business ceased in 1951. Aircraft References * São Paulo Technical Museum website* Defunct aircraft manufacturers of Brazil Manufacturing companies based in Rio de Janeiro (city) {{Brazil-company-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Privately Held Company
A privately held company (or simply a private company) is a company whose shares and related rights or obligations are not offered for public subscription or publicly negotiated in the respective listed markets, but rather the company's stock is offered, owned, traded, exchanged privately, or Over-the-counter (finance), over-the-counter. In the case of a closed corporation, there are a relatively small number of shareholders or company members. Related terms are closely-held corporation, unquoted company, and unlisted company. Though less visible than their public company, publicly traded counterparts, private companies have major importance in the world's economy. In 2008, the 441 list of largest private non-governmental companies by revenue, largest private companies in the United States accounted for ($1.8 trillion) in revenues and employed 6.2 million people, according to ''Forbes''. In 2005, using a substantially smaller pool size (22.7%) for comparison, the 339 companies on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trainer Aircraft
A trainer is a class of aircraft designed specifically to facilitate flight training of pilots and aircrews. The use of a dedicated trainer aircraft with additional safety features—such as tandem flight controls, forgiving flight characteristics and a simplified cockpit arrangement—allows pilots-in-training to safely advance their skills in a more forgiving aircraft. Civilian pilots are normally trained in a light aircraft, with two or more seats to allow for a student and instructor. Tandem and side by side The two seating configurations for trainer aircraft are: pilot and instructor side by side, or in tandem, usually with the pilot in front and the instructor behind. The side-by-side seating configuration has the advantage that pilot and instructor can see each other's actions, allowing the pilot to learn from the instructor and the instructor to correct the student pilot. The tandem configuration has the advantage of being closer to the normal working environment that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CNNA HL-14
__NOTOC__ The CNNA HL-14 was a civil trainer aircraft developed in Brazil during the 1940s at CNNA. It was a single-engine two-seat airplane. Only one prototype A prototype is an early sample, model, or release of a product built to test a concept or process. It is a term used in a variety of contexts, including semantics, design, electronics, and Software prototyping, software programming. A prototyp ... was constructed. It did not enter production. ReferencesSǎo Paulo Technical Museum website (in Portuguese) HL-14 [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CNNA HL-8
__NOTOC__ The CNNA HL-8 was a civil transport/utility aircraft developed in Brazil in 1943. Development The HL-8 was a low-wing cantilever monoplane with enclosed flight deck and passenger/cargo cabin. It had three engines of 97 kW (130 hp) each, driving fixed-pitch two-blade propellers. One engine was mounted on the leading edge of each wing and the third engine was mounted in the fuselage nose ahead of the cockpit. The landing gear was fixed and was of tailwheel configuration. The engines were horizontally opposed four-cylinder air-cooled piston engines. The design was robust, designed to operate from unprepared surfaces. Its payload was over one ton. History Only one HL-8 was constructed. The prototype A prototype is an early sample, model, or release of a product built to test a concept or process. It is a term used in a variety of contexts, including semantics, design, electronics, and Software prototyping, software programming. A prototyp ... made its first fli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CNNA HL-3
The CNNA HL-3 was a civil trainer aircraft developed in Brazil in 1941. Development CNNA had already benefited from the Brazilian government's decision to invest in a pilot training campaign and hoped that a dedicated trainer aircraft would attract even more sales. To that end, the HL-3 was proposed, and one prototype was constructed and flown. Unfortunately for the firm, this was not to be the case, and no official interest was shown. The HL-3 was a two-place light aircraft powered by a horizontally-opposed four-cylinder piston engine A reciprocating engine, also often known as a piston engine, is typically a heat engine that uses one or more reciprocating pistons to convert high temperature and high pressure into a rotating motion. This article describes the common featu .... An improved version with a more powerful engine was designated the CNNA HL-4, but this didn't sell either. References Further reading * External links * {{CNNA Aircraft HL-3 1940s Br ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monoplane
A monoplane is a fixed-wing aircraft configuration with a single mainplane, in contrast to a biplane or other types of multiplanes, which have multiple planes. A monoplane has inherently the highest efficiency and lowest drag of any wing configuration and is the simplest to build. However, during the early years of flight, these advantages were offset by its greater weight and lower manoeuvrability, making it relatively rare until the 1930s. Since then, the monoplane has been the most common form for a fixed-wing aircraft. Characteristics Support and weight The inherent efficiency of the monoplane is best achieved in the cantilever wing, which carries all structural forces internally. However, to fly at practical speeds the wing must be made thin, which requires a heavy structure to make it strong and stiff enough. External bracing can be used to improve structural efficiency, reducing weight and cost. For a wing of a given size, the weight reduction allows it to fly slower a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CNNA HL-2
The CNNA HL-2 was a utility aircraft designed in Brazil in 1940. It was a low-wing twin-engine monoplane intended to seat six people or for airmail use. Of wooden construction, an emphasis was placed on the use of native timbers to build the aircraft. Before the prototype A prototype is an early sample, model, or release of a product built to test a concept or process. It is a term used in a variety of contexts, including semantics, design, electronics, and Software prototyping, software programming. A prototyp ... was complete, however, the project was abandoned. References * São Paulo Technical Museum website Abandoned civil aircraft projects HL-2 1940s Brazilian civil utility aircraft {{Brazil-transport-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Utility Aircraft
A utility aircraft is a general-purpose light aircraft, light airplane or helicopter, usually used for transporting people, freight or other supplies, but is also used for other duties when more specialized aircraft are not required or available. The term can also refer to an aircraft type certificated under American, Canadian, European or Australian regulations as a ''Utility Category Aircraft'', which indicates that it is permitted to conduct limited aerobatics. The approved maneuvers include chandelles, Aerobatic maneuver, lazy eights, Spin (aerodynamics), spins and Steep turn (aviation), steep turns over 60° of bank.Crane, Dale: ''Dictionary of Aeronautical Terms, third edition'', page 535. Aviation Supplies & Academics, 1997. In the United States, military utility aircraft are given the prefix U in their United States Department of Defense aerospace vehicle designation, designations. See also * Federal Aviation Regulations#Part 23, FAR Part 23 (refers to "utility category ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muniz M-9
The Muniz M-9 was a two-seat training biplane with tandem open cockpit and powered by a 200 hp (149 kW) 130 hp (197 kW) de Havilland Gipsy Six engine. Designed by Lieutenant-Colonel Antônio Muniz, a serving officer in the Brazilian Air Force, as an advanced trainer and was very similar to his earlier M-7 primary trainer. It was first flown in 1937 and a small production run was built for the air force by Companhia Nacional de Navegação Nacional. Operators ; *Argentine Air Force ; *Brazilian Air Force ; *Paraguayan Air Force The Armed forces of Paraguay ( es, Fuerzas Armadas de Paraguay) consist of the Paraguayan army, navy (including naval aviation and marine corps) and air force. The constitution of Paraguay establishes the president of Paraguay as the commander- ... Specifications (M-9) See also References * * * * {{Muniz aircraft Muniz aircraft 1930s Brazilian civil trainer aircraft 1930s Brazilian military trainer aircraft Worl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CNNA HL-6
The CNNA HL-6 was a civil trainer aircraft developed in Brazil in 1943. Development The HL-6 was a low-wing cantilever monoplane A monoplane is a fixed-wing aircraft configuration with a single mainplane, in contrast to a biplane or other types of multiplanes, which have multiple planes. A monoplane has inherently the highest efficiency and lowest drag of any wing confi ... of conventional configuration. It employed a fixed tailskid undercarriage. The student and instructor sat in tandem, in open cockpits. Variants *HL-6 - prototype. One built *HL-6A - similar to prototype but with more powerful engine. Five units were constructed in 1943. *HL-6B Cauré - Similar to HL-6A but with more powerful engine Lycoming O-290C, and optional enclosed cabin. 39 units were constructed in 1944. Specifications (HL-6B Cauré trainer) References Further reading * External links São Paulo Technical Museum website{{CNNA Aircraft HL-6 1940s Brazilian civil trainer aircraft ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rio De Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro ( , , ; literally 'River of January'), or simply Rio, is the capital of the state of the same name, Brazil's third-most populous state, and the second-most populous city in Brazil, after São Paulo. Listed by the GaWC as a beta global city, Rio de Janeiro is the sixth-most populous city in the Americas. Part of the city has been designated as a World Heritage Site, named "Rio de Janeiro: Carioca Landscapes between the Mountain and the Sea", on 1 July 2012 as a Cultural Landscape. Founded in 1565 by the Portuguese, the city was initially the seat of the Captaincy of Rio de Janeiro, a domain of the Portuguese Empire. In 1763, it became the capital of the State of Brazil, a state of the Portuguese Empire. In 1808, when the Portuguese Royal Court moved to Brazil, Rio de Janeiro became the seat of the court of Queen Maria I of Portugal. She subsequently, under the leadership of her son the prince regent João VI of Portugal, raised Brazil to the dignity of a k ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CNNA HL-1
The CNNA HL-1 was a light utility aircraft developed in Brazil in 1940. It was a high-wing strut-braced monoplane with fixed tailskid undercarriage and seating for two persons in tandem. Development The design was developed by Henrique Lage as a two-seat cabin monoplane, bearing a strong resemblance to the contemporary Piper Cub The Piper J-3 Cub is an American light aircraft that was built between 1938 and 1947 by Piper Aircraft. The aircraft has a simple, lightweight design which gives it good low-speed handling properties and short-field performance. The Cub is Pi .... It was produced by the ''Cia Nacionale de Navegaçao Aéreo'' (CNNA) as the HL-1. Most of the aircraft were purchased by Brazilian aeroclubs, funded by the government's National Aviation Campaign (''Campanha Nacional de Aviação'') to train pilots for military service. Production continued until 1950 and a small number were exported to neighbouring countries. Variants ;HL-1A :Eight were built. ;HL-1B :M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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