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CIVITAS (European Union)
CIVITAS is an initiative of the European Union to implement sustainable, clean and (energy) efficient urban transport measures. The initiative is co-ordinated by cities. Etymology CIVITAS is an acronym of CIty-VITAlity-Sustainability. (CIVITAS' official site) Chronology * CIVITAS I started in early 2002 (within the Fifth European Community Framework Programme), with 19 cities clustered in 4 demonstration projects. * CIVITAS II started in early 2005 (within the Sixth Framework Programme), consisting of 17 cities in 4 demonstration projects. * CIVITAS PLUS started in late 2008 (within the Seventh Framework Programme), with 25 cities in 5 demonstration projects. * CIVITAS PLUS II started in 2012, with 8 cities in 2 demonstration projects (lab projects). * CIVITAS 2020 started in 2016, with 17 cities in ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Union
The European Union (EU) is a supranational political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe. The union has a total area of and an estimated total population of about 447million. The EU has often been described as a '' sui generis'' political entity (without precedent or comparison) combining the characteristics of both a federation and a confederation. Containing 5.8per cent of the world population in 2020, the EU generated a nominal gross domestic product (GDP) of around trillion in 2021, constituting approximately 18per cent of global nominal GDP. Additionally, all EU states but Bulgaria have a very high Human Development Index according to the United Nations Development Programme. Its cornerstone, the Customs Union, paved the way to establishing an internal single market based on standardised legal framework and legislation that applies in all member states in those matters, and only those matters, where the states have agreed to act ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Transport
Transport (in British English), or transportation (in American English), is the intentional movement of humans, animals, and goods from one location to another. Modes of transport include air, land (rail and road), water, cable, pipeline, and space. The field can be divided into infrastructure, vehicles, and operations. Transport enables human trade, which is essential for the development of civilizations. Transport infrastructure consists of both fixed installations, including roads, railways, airways, waterways, canals, and pipelines, and terminals such as airports, railway stations, bus stations, warehouses, trucking terminals, refueling depots (including fueling docks and fuel stations), and seaports. Terminals may be used both for interchange of passengers and cargo and for maintenance. Means of transport are any of the different kinds of transport facilities used to carry people or cargo. They may include vehicles, riding animals, and pack animals. Vehicles may incl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fifth European Community Framework Programme
The Framework Programmes for Research and Technological Development, also called Framework Programmes or abbreviated FP1 to FP9, are funding programmes created by the European Union/European Commission to support and foster research in the European Research Area (ERA). Starting in 2014, the funding programmes were named Horizon. The funding programmes began in 1984 and continue to the present day. The most recent programme, Horizon Europe, has a budget of 95.5 billion Euros to be distributed over 7 years. The specific objectives and actions vary between funding periods. In FP6 and FP7, focus was on technological research. In Horizon 2020, the focus was on innovation, delivering economic growth faster, and delivering solutions to end users that are often governmental agencies. Background Conducting European research policies and implementing European research programmes is an obligation under the Amsterdam Treaty, which includes a chapter on research and technological development. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sixth Framework Programme
The Framework Programmes for Research and Technological Development, also called Framework Programmes or abbreviated FP1 to FP9, are funding programmes created by the European Union/European Commission to support and foster research in the European Research Area (ERA). Starting in 2014, the funding programmes were named Horizon. The funding programmes began in 1984 and continue to the present day. The most recent programme, Horizon Europe, has a budget of 95.5 billion Euros to be distributed over 7 years. The specific objectives and actions vary between funding periods. In FP6 and FP7, focus was on technological research. In Horizon 2020, the focus was on innovation, delivering economic growth faster, and delivering solutions to end users that are often governmental agencies. Background Conducting European research policies and implementing European research programmes is an obligation under the Amsterdam Treaty, which includes a chapter on research and technological development. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seventh Framework Programme
The Framework Programmes for Research and Technological Development, also called Framework Programmes or abbreviated FP1 to FP9, are funding programmes created by the European Union/European Commission to support and foster research in the European Research Area (ERA). Starting in 2014, the funding programmes were named Horizon. The funding programmes began in 1984 and continue to the present day. The most recent programme, Horizon Europe, has a budget of 95.5 billion Euros to be distributed over 7 years. The specific objectives and actions vary between funding periods. In FP6 and FP7, focus was on technological research. In Horizon 2020, the focus was on innovation, delivering economic growth faster, and delivering solutions to end users that are often governmental agencies. Background Conducting European research policies and implementing European research programmes is an obligation under the Amsterdam Treaty, which includes a chapter on research and technological development. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crossing Guard
A crossing guard (North American English), lollipop man/lady (British, Irish, and Australian English), crosswalk attendant (also Australian English), or school road patrol (New Zealand English) is a traffic management personnel who is normally stationed on busy roadways to aid pedestrians. Often associated with elementary school children, crossing guards stop the flow of traffic so pedestrians may cross an intersection. Crossing guards are known by a variety of names, the most widely used in the United Kingdom, Ireland and Australia being "lollipop lady/man", a reference to the large signs used that resemble lollipops. The verb is lollipopping, which can also be used for road works. Australia and the United Kingdom In Australia and the United Kingdom, a school crossing supervisor or school crossing patrol officer is commonly known as a lollipop man or lollipop lady, because of the modified circular stop sign they carry, which resembles a large lollipop. The term was coined i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Walk Safely To School Day
Walk Safely to School Day is an annual, national event in Australia in which primary school children are encouraged to walk or commute safely to school, an initiative of the Pedestrian Council of Australia. It is held annually in May on a varying date. Originally only held in New South Wales from 1999 to 2003, the event began nationally on 2 April 2004. The event is sponsored by the Department of Health and Ageing, and is supported by all state, territory and local governments, the Heart Foundation, the Cancer Council, Planet Ark, Diabetes Australia, Beyond Blue, and the Australian Conservation Foundation. The 2017 date was 19 May. See also *Crossing guard *Pedestrian crossing *Walkability *Walk to school campaign *Walk to Work Day *Walking bus A walking bus (crocodile, walking school bus) is a form of student transport for schoolchildren who, chaperoned typically by two adults (a "driver" leads and a "conductor" follows), walk to school along a set route, with some ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Walk To School Campaign
The Walk to School Campaign is a British campaign promoting the benefits of walking to school as student transport. It is a founder member of the IWALK (International Walk to School) organisation. The campaign is run by the charity Living Streets and receives funding from the Department for Transport and Department for Health. Activities The Walk to School campaign coordinates National Walk to School week, at the end of May, and International Walk to School Month (October) in the UK. Each year, around 2 million primary school pupils take part. Local events are organised by school travel advisors and road safety departments, while the campaign organises the national publicity and stunts. The campaign also developed, in conjunction with Transport for London, the WoW scheme which rewards children who walk to school regularly with a collectable enamel badge. WoW originally stood for "Walk on Wednesdays", but it developed into "Walk once a Week", and then "WoW". In 2006, the campa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Walk To Work Day
Walk to Work Day is an annual, national event in Australia encouraging people to walk to work. The event is an initiative of the Pedestrian Council of Australia, and supported by the Australian Government. In 2015, it was held on Friday 13 November. Event details and history Through Walk to Work Day, the Pedestrian Council of Australia draw attention to the health and wellbeing benefits of walking. Since 2000 Walk to Work Day has been a national event supported by the Australian Government. 2003 was the first time the event was held on the same date across all Australian states and territories. Several non-government organisations also promote the day, including the Australian Medical Association and the Health Services Union. Herb Elliott led a celebrity walk across Sydney Harbour Bridgt for the event in 1999. In 2001, distance swimmer Grant Hackett backed the event in national media, including in ''The Sunday Telegraph''. In 2003, Prime Minister John Howard featured in nation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Walking Bus
A walking bus (crocodile, walking school bus) is a form of student transport for schoolchildren who, chaperoned typically by two adults (a "driver" leads and a "conductor" follows), walk to school along a set route, with some similarities to a school bus route. Like a real bus, walking buses have a fixed route with designated "bus stops" and "pick up times" at which they pick up and "drop off" children. History The concept of the walking bus was first invented in Japan Australian transport activist David Engwicht is often given credit for inventing the WSB system in the 1990s. It was introduced in the United Kingdom in 1998 by Hertfordshire County Council. It was first used by pupils of Wheatfields Junior School in St Albans, the United Kingdom in 1998 Walking Buses have remained popular in the United Kingdom and have recently gained a level of popularity elsewhere in Europe, North America and New Zealand. Proponents of walking buses say that its aims are to: *Encourage p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2002 In The European Union
Events from the year 2002 in the European Union. Incumbents * Commission President — Romano Prodi * Council Presidency — Spain (January–June), Denmark (July–December) * Parliament President — Nicole Fontaine (until 15 January), Pat Cox * High Representative — Javier Solana Events * 1 January - **Spain takes over the Presidency of the European Union. **Euro notes and coins issued are in Austria, Belgium, France, Finland, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal and Spain. * 15 January - Irish MEP Pat Cox is elected President of the European Parliament. * 28 February - The Euro becomes the sole legal tender in all 12 Eurozone countries. * 31 May - All 15 member nations of the European Union ratify the Kyoto Protocol, committing to an 8% cut in carbon dioxide emissions between 2008 and 2012 compared to 1990 levels. * 1 July - Denmark takes over the Presidency of the European Union. * 19 October - In a second referendum, the electorate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
