|
C10k Problem
The C10k problem is the problem of optimizing network sockets to handle a large number of clients at the same time. The name C10k is a numeronym for concurrently handling ten thousand connections. Handling many concurrent connections is a different problem from handling many requests per second: the latter requires high throughput (processing them quickly), while the former does not have to be fast, but requires efficient scheduling of connections. The problem of socket server optimisation has been studied because a number of factors must be considered to allow a web server to support many clients. This can involve a combination of operating system constraints and web server software limitations. According to the scope of services to be made available and the capabilities of the operating system as well as hardware considerations such as multi-processing capabilities, a multi-threading model or a single threading model can be preferred. Concurrently with this aspect, which invol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Network Socket
A network socket is a software structure within a network node of a computer network that serves as an endpoint for sending and receiving data across the network. The structure and properties of a socket are defined by an application programming interface (API) for the networking architecture. Sockets are created only during the lifetime of a process of an application running in the node. Because of the standardization of the TCP/IP protocols in the development of the Internet, the term ''network socket'' is most commonly used in the context of the Internet protocol suite, and is therefore often also referred to as Internet socket. In this context, a socket is externally identified to other hosts by its socket address, which is the triad of transport protocol, IP address, and port number. The term ''socket'' is also used for the software endpoint of node-internal inter-process communication (IPC), which often uses the same API as a network socket. Use The use of the term ''so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Linux
Linux ( ) is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an kernel (operating system), operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991, by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically package manager, packaged as a Linux distribution (distro), which includes the kernel and supporting system software and library (computing), libraries—most of which are provided by third parties—to create a complete operating system, designed as a clone of Unix and released under the copyleft GPL license. List of Linux distributions, Thousands of Linux distributions exist, many based directly or indirectly on other distributions; popular Linux distributions include Debian, Fedora Linux, Linux Mint, Arch Linux, and Ubuntu, while commercial distributions include Red Hat Enterprise Linux, SUSE Linux Enterprise, and ChromeOS. Linux distributions are frequently used in server platforms. Many Linux distributions use the word "Linux" in their name, but the Free ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nginx
(pronounced "engine x" , stylized as NGINX or nginx) is a web server that can also be used as a reverse proxy, load balancer, mail proxy and HTTP cache. The software was created by Russian developer Igor Sysoev and publicly released in 2004. Nginx is free and open-source software, released under the terms of the 2-clause BSD license. A large fraction of web servers use Nginx, often as a load balancer. A company of the same name was founded in 2011 to provide support and ''NGINX Plus'' paid software. In March 2019, the company was acquired by F5 for $670 million. Popularity , W3Tech's web server count of all web sites ranked Nginx first with 33.8%. Apache was second at 26.4% and Cloudflare Server third at 23.4%. , Netcraft estimated that Nginx served 20.11% of the million busiest websites with Cloudflare a little ahead at 22.99%. Apache at 17.83% and Microsoft Internet Information Services at 4.16% rounded out the top four servers for the busiest websites. Some o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lulu
Lulu may refer to: Companies * LuLu, an early automobile manufacturer * Lulu.com, an online e-books and print self-publishing platform, distributor, and retailer * Lulu Hypermarket, a retail chain in Asia * Lululemon Athletica or simply Lulu, a Canadian athletic apparel company Places * Lulu, Florida, United States, an unincorporated community * Lulu City, Colorado, United States, a mining town abandoned in 1885, on the National Register of Historic Places * Lulu, Missouri, an unincorporated community * Lulu Bay, a bay on Navassa Island in the Caribbean * Lulu Town, a town on Navassa Island in the Caribbean * Lulu Island, an island which comprises most of Richmond, British Columbia, Canada * Al Lulu Island, also known as Lulu Island, a man-made island off the coast of Abu Dhabi island * Lulu Roundabout, in Manama, Bahrain Theatre, film, opera * The two plays by Frank Wedekind whose protagonist is named Lulu: ** Earth Spirit (play), ''Earth Spirit'' (play) (''Erdgeist'', 1895) ** ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reactor Pattern
The reactor software design pattern is an event handling strategy that can respond to many potential service requests concurrently. The pattern's key component is an event loop, running in a ''single'' thread or process, which demultiplexes incoming requests and dispatches them to the correct request handler. By relying on event-based mechanisms rather than blocking I/O or multi-threading, a reactor can handle many concurrent I/O bound requests with minimal delay. A reactor also allows for easily modifying or expanding specific request handler routines, though the pattern does have some drawbacks and limitations. With its balance of simplicity and scalability, the reactor has become a central architectural element in several server applications and software frameworks for networking. Derivations such as the multireactor and proactor also exist for special cases where even greater throughput, performance, or request complexity are necessary. Overview Practical considerati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Event-driven Programming
In computer programming, event-driven programming is a programming paradigm in which the Control flow, flow of the program is determined by external Event (computing), events. User interface, UI events from computer mouse, mice, computer keyboard, keyboards, touchpads and touchscreens, and external sensor inputs are common cases. Events may also be programmatically generated, such as from message passing, messages from other programs, notifications from other thread (computer science), threads, or other Computer network, network events. Event-driven programming is the dominant paradigm used in graphical user interfaces applications and network servers. In an event-driven application, there is generally an event loop that listens for events and then triggers a callback (computer programming), callback function when one of those events is detected. Event-driven programs can be written in any programming language, although the task is easier in languages that provide abstraction (co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Event-driven Architecture
Event-driven architecture (EDA) is a software architecture paradigm concerning the production and detection of Event (computing), events. Event-driven architectures are Continuous design, evolutionary in nature and provide a high degree of fault tolerance, performance, and scalability. However, they are complex and inherently challenging to Software testing, test. EDAs are good for complex and dynamic workloads. Overview An ''even'' can be defined as "a significant change in state (computer science), state". For example, when a consumer purchases a car, the car's state changes from "for sale" to "sold". A car dealer's system architecture may treat this state change as an event whose occurrence can be made known to other applications within the architecture. From a formal perspective, what is produced, published, propagated, detected or consumed is a (typically asynchronous) message called the event notification, and not the event itself, which is the state change that triggered the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Asynchronous I/O
In computer science, asynchronous I/O (also non-sequential I/O) is a form of input/output processing that permits other processing to continue before the I/O operation has finished. A name used for asynchronous I/O in the Windows API is '' overlapped I/O''. Input and output (I/O) operations on a computer can be extremely slow compared to the processing of data. An I/O device can incorporate mechanical devices that must physically move, such as a hard drive seeking a track to read or write; this is often orders of magnitude slower than the switching of electric current. For example, during a disk operation that takes ten milliseconds to perform, a processor that is clocked at one gigahertz The hertz (symbol: Hz) is the unit of frequency in the International System of Units (SI), often described as being equivalent to one event (or cycle) per second. The hertz is an SI derived unit whose formal expression in terms of SI base un ... could have performed ten million instruct ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Load Balancing (computing)
In computing, load balancing is the process of distributing a set of tasks over a set of resources (computing units), with the aim of making their overall processing more efficient. Load balancing can optimize response time and avoid unevenly overloading some compute nodes while other compute nodes are left idle. Load balancing is the subject of research in the field of parallel computers. Two main approaches exist: static algorithms, which do not take into account the state of the different machines, and dynamic algorithms, which are usually more general and more efficient but require exchanges of information between the different computing units, at the risk of a loss of efficiency. Problem overview A load-balancing algorithm always tries to answer a specific problem. Among other things, the nature of the tasks, the algorithmic complexity, the hardware architecture on which the algorithms will run as well as required error tolerance, must be taken into account. Therefore com ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Web Server
A web server is computer software and underlying Computer hardware, hardware that accepts requests via Hypertext Transfer Protocol, HTTP (the network protocol created to distribute web content) or its secure variant HTTPS. A user agent, commonly a web browser or web crawler, initiates communication by making a request for a web page or other Web Resource, resource using HTTP, and the server (computing), server responds with the content of that resource or an List of HTTP status codes, error message. A web server can also accept and store resources sent from the user agent if configured to do so. The hardware used to run a web server can vary according to the volume of requests that it needs to handle. At the low end of the range are embedded systems, such as a router (computing), router that runs a small web server as its configuration interface. A high-traffic Internet website might handle requests with hundreds of servers that run on racks of high-speed computers. A reso ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
FTP Server
An FTP server is computer software consisting of one or more programs that can execute commands given by remote client(s) such as receiving, sending, deleting files, creating or removing directories, etc. The software may run as a software component of a program, as a standalone program or even as one or more processes (in the background). An FTP server plays the role of a server in a client–server model using the FTP and/or the FTPS and/or the SFTP network protocol(s). An FTP server can also be intended as a computer that runs an FTP server program to host collections of files. Big FTP sites can be run by many computers in order to be able to serve the desired maximum number of clients connected to servers. A client program connects to an FTP server, then, unless anonymous access is enabled, it has to authenticate itself by sending username and password; after that it can retrieve and/or send files to the server along with other operations (depending on user's privile ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
