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Blaira
''Blaira'' is a small genus of true toads endemic to the southern Western Ghats, India. The genus was erected in 2021 as a valid substitute name for ''Ghatophryne'' which was created in 2009 for '' Ansonia ornata'' which was found to be distinct enough to warrant its own genus. This was however considered an invalid description as it was published in an only a digital medium (before 2012, the ICZN rules were subsquently modified); '' Ansonia rubigina'' was moved based on its morphological similarity and distribution. Description ''Blaira'' are small-sized toads with adult males measuring up to and females up to in snout–vent length. The dorsum is reddish brown; ventrum is dark brownish black with prominent yellowish-orange spots. They do not possess parotoid glands. Fingers are free of webbing whereas the toes are medium webbed. Skin on dorsum has sparsely granular projections, especially on anterior half of the body. Eggs are non-pigmented. Tadpoles have a suctorial di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blaira
''Blaira'' is a small genus of true toads endemic to the southern Western Ghats, India. The genus was erected in 2021 as a valid substitute name for ''Ghatophryne'' which was created in 2009 for '' Ansonia ornata'' which was found to be distinct enough to warrant its own genus. This was however considered an invalid description as it was published in an only a digital medium (before 2012, the ICZN rules were subsquently modified); '' Ansonia rubigina'' was moved based on its morphological similarity and distribution. Description ''Blaira'' are small-sized toads with adult males measuring up to and females up to in snout–vent length. The dorsum is reddish brown; ventrum is dark brownish black with prominent yellowish-orange spots. They do not possess parotoid glands. Fingers are free of webbing whereas the toes are medium webbed. Skin on dorsum has sparsely granular projections, especially on anterior half of the body. Eggs are non-pigmented. Tadpoles have a suctorial di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blaira Ornata
''Blaira ornata'', known with common names ornate toad, Malabar torrent toad or black torrent toad, is a rare and endangered species of toad endemic to the Western Ghats. In 2009, this species along with ''A. rubigina'' was shifted from '' Ansonia'' to the genus ''Ghatophryne''. The publication of the new genus however did not meet ICZN requirements and a new genus ''Blaira'' was created in 2021. Description Habit slender. Crown without bony ridges; snout short, obliquely truncated, with angular canthus rostralis and vertical loreal region ; interorbital space a little broader than the upper eyelid; tympanum distinct, about half the size of the eye. ringers rather slender, first much shorter than second; toes short, nearly entirely webbed; subarticular tubercles single, not very prominent ; tips of fingers and toes slightly swollen; metatarsal tubercles two, not very prominent; no tarsal fold. The hind limb being carried forwards along the body, the tibio-tarsal articulation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ghatophryne Ornata
''Blaira ornata'', known with common names ornate toad, Malabar torrent toad or black torrent toad, is a rare and endangered species of toad endemic to the Western Ghats. In 2009, this species along with ''A. rubigina'' was shifted from '' Ansonia'' to the genus '' Ghatophryne''. The publication of the new genus however did not meet ICZN requirements and a new genus ''Blaira'' was created in 2021. Description Habit slender. Crown without bony ridges; snout short, obliquely truncated, with angular canthus rostralis and vertical loreal region ; interorbital space a little broader than the upper eyelid; tympanum distinct, about half the size of the eye. ringers rather slender, first much shorter than second; toes short, nearly entirely webbed; subarticular tubercles single, not very prominent ; tips of fingers and toes slightly swollen; metatarsal tubercles two, not very prominent; no tarsal fold. The hind limb being carried forwards along the body, the tibio-tarsal articulatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ghatophryne Rubigina
''Blaira rubigina'' is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to the southern Western Ghats, India, and is known from Silent Valley and Wynaad, both in Kerala. Its common names include Kerala stream toad, Silent Valley torrent toad, and red torrent toad. Description These small-sized toads measure in snout–vent length. No cranial ridges nor parotoid glands are present. The tympanum is distinct and smooth. The limbs are slender. The fingers have no webbing but have swollen tips. The toes are almost fully webbed, and the toe tips are swollen. Dorsal skin, flanks, and upper side of limbs are distinctly tuberculated; ventral skin is rough and bears spine-tipped tubercles on throat and chest and flattened tubercles on belly and underside of limbs. The dorsum is brick-red. The venter is brownish-black with vermiculations. The throat is bright orange, and there are spots of the same colour on chest, belly and underside of thighs. The flanks are brownish. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blaira Rubigina
''Blaira rubigina'' is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to the southern Western Ghats, India, and is known from Silent Valley and Wynaad, both in Kerala. Its common names include Kerala stream toad, Silent Valley torrent toad, and red torrent toad. Description These small-sized toads measure in snout–vent length. No cranial ridges nor parotoid glands are present. The tympanum is distinct and smooth. The limbs are slender. The fingers have no webbing but have swollen tips. The toes are almost fully webbed, and the toe tips are swollen. Dorsal skin, flanks, and upper side of limbs are distinctly tuberculated; ventral skin is rough and bears spine-tipped tubercles on throat and chest and flattened tubercles on belly and underside of limbs. The dorsum is brick-red. The venter is brownish-black with vermiculations. The throat is bright orange, and there are spots of the same colour on chest, belly and underside of thighs. The flanks are brownish. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. Other ways of defining species include their karyotype, DNA sequence, morphology, behaviour or ecological niche. In addition, paleontologists use the concept of the chronospecies since fossil reproduction cannot be examined. The most recent rigorous estimate for the total number of species of eukaryotes is between 8 and 8.7 million. However, only about 14% of these had been described by 2011. All species (except viruses) are given a two-part name, a "binomial". The first part of a binomial is the genus to which the species belongs. The second part is called the specific name or the specific epithet (in botanical nomenclature, also sometimes i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bufonidae
{{Cat main, Toad This category contains both species commonly called toads, and the true toads from the family Bufonidae {{Cat main, Toad This category contains both species commonly called toads, and the true toads from the family Bufonidae {{Cat main, Toad This category Category, plural categories, may refer to: Philosophy and general uses *Categorization, cat .... Animals by common name Frogs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dorsum (anatomy)
Standard anatomical terms of location are used to unambiguously describe the anatomy of animals, including humans. The terms, typically derived from Latin or Greek roots, describe something in its standard anatomical position. This position provides a definition of what is at the front ("anterior"), behind ("posterior") and so on. As part of defining and describing terms, the body is described through the use of anatomical planes and anatomical axes. The meaning of terms that are used can change depending on whether an organism is bipedal or quadrupedal. Additionally, for some animals such as invertebrates, some terms may not have any meaning at all; for example, an animal that is radially symmetrical will have no anterior surface, but can still have a description that a part is close to the middle ("proximal") or further from the middle ("distal"). International organisations have determined vocabularies that are often used as standard vocabularies for subdisciplines of anatom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parotoid Gland
The parotoid gland (alternatively, paratoid gland) is an external skin gland on the back, neck, and shoulder of toads and some frogs and salamanders. It can secrete a number of milky alkaloid substances (depending on the species) known collectively as bufotoxins, which act as neurotoxins to deter predation. These cutaneous glands are called parotoid as they are somewhat similarly positioned to mammalian parotid gland, although the latter have a different function, excreting saliva within the mouth rather than externally excreted defensive chemicals. A study of the parotoid glands of the Colorado River toad in 1976 found that the parotoid glands were "composed of numerous lobules", each of which is a separate unit with a lumen surrounded by a double cell layer. The cell layers have interlocking microvilli. The study found that the outer cell layer resembled smooth muscle cells, with some organelles hypothesised to "function in some aspects of venom synthesis, active cellular trans ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tadpole
A tadpole is the larval stage in the biological life cycle of an amphibian. Most tadpoles are fully aquatic, though some species of amphibians have tadpoles that are terrestrial. Tadpoles have some fish-like features that may not be found in adult amphibians such as a lateral line, gills and swimming tails. As they undergo metamorphosis, they start to develop functional lungs for breathing air, and the diet of tadpoles changes drastically. A few amphibians, such as some members of the frog family Brevicipitidae, undergo direct development i.e., they do not undergo a free-living larval stage as tadpoles instead emerging from eggs as fully formed "froglet" miniatures of the adult morphology. Some other species hatch into tadpoles underneath the skin of the female adult or are kept in a pouch until after metamorphosis. Having no hard skeletons, it might be expected that tadpole fossils would not exist. However, traces of biofilms have been preserved and fossil tadpoles have ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amphibians Of Asia
Lists of amphibians by region are lists of amphibians in a given continent, country or smaller region. Africa *Democratic Republic of the Congo *Ghana *Guinea-Bissau *Ivory Coast **Daloa *Madagascar *Seychelles Asia *Bhutan *China **Hong Kong *India **Northeast India **Sikkim *Indonesia **Java **Sumatra *Korea *Malaysia *Nepal *Pakistan *Philippines **Cebu **Panay *Singapore *Taiwan *Thailand *Vietnam **Hoàng Liên National Park Australasia *Australia **South Australia **Western Australia **Tasmania *New Zealand Europe *Europe *Bulgaria *Cyprus *France *Gibraltar *Great Britain *Ireland *Italy *Norway *Sweden North America *North America *Canada *Mexico *United States States of the United States *Alabama *California *Colorado *Idaho *Indiana **Indiana Dunes *Iowa *Massachusetts *Michigan *Minnesota *Montana *New Mexico *New Jersey *North Carolina *Texas *Virginia **Shenandoah National Park *Washington *West Virginia *Wyoming **Yellowstone National Park Caribbean ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
