|
Bakhars
''Bakhar'' is a form of historical narrative written in Marathi prose. are one of the earliest genres of medieval Marathi literature. More than 200 bakhars were written in the seventeenth to nineteenth centuries, the most important of them chronicling the deeds of the Maratha ruler Shivaji. Bakhars are considered valuable resources depicting the Maratha view of history . Etymology Most scholars believe that the word is a metathesis of the Arabic-origin word ''khabar'' ("information"). S. N. Joshi argues that the word is derived from the Persian word ''khair'' or ''bakhair'' ("all is well", the end salutation in a letter), since it appears at the end of most texts. Bapuji Sankpal argued that the word is derived from the Sanskrit-origin word ''akhyayika'' ("story") or it could be bhyaakh ( bhiyakhya). Style The principal characteristics of are that they were written in prose, had a forceful style of writing, were of political historical nature which appealed to Maratha patrioti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chitnis Bakhar
''Shakakarte Chhatrapati Shri Shivaji Maharaj yanche Saptaprakaranatmak Charitra'', better known as ''Chitnis Bakhar'', is a Marathi language biography of Shivaji, the founder of the Maratha Empire. It was written by Malhar Ram Rao Chitnis, whose ancestor Balaji Avaji held the position of ''Chitnis'' (head clerk) under Shivaji. The biography had been ordered to be written by king Shahu II of Satara, but the work was completed after his death in 1808, during 1810–1811. The author wrote seven bakhars (chronicles) in total, including six biographies of the Maratha kings (''chhatrapatis''), and a treatise on political diplomacy. ''Chitnis Bakhar'' is not arranged chronologically, and does not cite any sources. The text glorifies Shivaji with narratives of his early life, but these narratives are not substantiated by other sources. Historian Jadunath Sarkar dismissed it as unreliable for the purposes of history, stating that "the book is incorrect, rambling or pure guess work in many ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shivaji
Shivaji I (Shivaji Shahaji Bhonsale, ; 19 February 1630 – 3 April 1680) was an Indian ruler and a member of the Bhonsle dynasty. Shivaji carved out his own independent kingdom from the Sultanate of Bijapur that formed the genesis of the Maratha Empire. In 1674, he was formally crowned the ''Chhatrapati'' of his realm at Raigad Fort. Shivaji offered passage and his service to the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb to invade the declining Sultanate of Bijapur. After Aurangzeb's departure for the north due to a war of succession, Shivaji conquered territories ceded by Bijapur in the name of the Mughals. Following his defeat at the hands of Jai Singh I, the senior most general ("Mirza (noble), Mirza Raja") of the Mughal Empire, in the Battle of Purandar, Shivaji entered into vassalage with the Mughal empire, assuming the role of a Mughal chief and was conferred with the title of ''Raja (title), Raja'' by Aurangzeb. He undertook military expeditions on behalf of the Mughal Empire for a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sabhasad Bakhar
''Shri-Shiva-Prabhuche-Charitra'' (IAST: ''Śrī-Śiva-Prabhuce-Caritra''), better known as ''Sabhasad Bakhar'', is a Marathi language biography of Shivaji, the founder of the Maratha Empire The Maratha Empire, also referred to as the Maratha Confederacy, was an early modern India, early modern polity in the Indian subcontinent. It comprised the realms of the Peshwa and four major independent List of Maratha dynasties and states, Ma .... It was written by Krishnaji Anant Sabhasad at Jinji, at the court of Shivaji's son Rajaram in 1697. The text describes several notable events in Shivaji's life, including Shivaji's killing of Afzal Khan, his visit to and escape from the Mughal court, his coronation, and his meeting with Venkoji. Since the author was a contemporary of Shivaji, it is considered the most reliable bakhar about the king's life. ThSiva Chhatrapati volumeis the English translation of the Sabhasad Bakhar. References 1697 non-fiction books 17th-century ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
91 Kalami Bakhar
''Shri Shiva Chhatrapatichi 91 Kalmi Bakhar'', better known as ''91-Kalami Bakhar'', is a Marathi language biography of Shivaji, the founder of the Maratha Empire. Its name is also transliterated as , and . Organized into 91 sections (), it is an important source of information about Shivaji's life for modern historians. The original text was composed by Shivaji's courtier Dattaji Trimal, but is now Lost literary work, lost: its extracts survive in later recensions. Although the original text was the earliest bakhar about Shivaji's life, the interpolations in these recensions have rendered the surviving text unreliable. Original text According to tradition, the was written by Shivaji's courtier Dattaji Trimbak (or Trimal) Wakenavis (or Waknis), who was a member of his Ashta Pradhan council of ministers, and accompanied him to the Mughal court in Agra. Internal evidence suggests that the original text was written before 1713, probably as early as before 1685. Later recension ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bhausahebanchi Bakhar
Bhausahebanchi Bakhar is a narrative of the Third Battle of Panipat fought in 1761 between the Maratha Empire and the Durrani Empire of Ahmad Shah Durrani. It is written in the Marathi language. According to some historians, the author of the book was anonymous, but other historians have named one Krishnaji Shamrao as the author. Given the vivid descriptions, it is believed that Shamrao may have witnessed the battle. According to K. N. Sane, the angle and favorable remarks towards some characters in the narrative is suggestive of Shamrao being an official of the Scindia House of Scindia or earlier known as the Sendrak was a Hindu Maratha Royal House that ruled the erstwhile Gwalior State in central India. Ranoji Scindia rose as a prominent military commander under Peshwa Bajirao I. Ranoji and his descendants .... References {{reflist History books about India Panipat Maratha Empire Durrani Empire Bakhars ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shahu II
Shahu II (; 1763 – 3 May 1808) was the seventh Chhatrapati of the Maratha Confederacy. During his reign, the Marathas won the First Anglo-Maratha War, but lost the Second Anglo-Maratha War. Mahadaji Shinde and the Peshwa The Peshwa was the second highest office in the Maratha Empire, next in rank and prestige only to that of the Chhatrapati. Initially serving as the appointed prime minister in the Maratha Kingdom, the office became hereditary when Shahu gave t ... were his closest counterparts. He died on 3 May 1809. References Maratha kings Rajas of Satara 1763 births 1808 deaths {{India-royal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maratha Empire
The Maratha Empire, also referred to as the Maratha Confederacy, was an early modern India, early modern polity in the Indian subcontinent. It comprised the realms of the Peshwa and four major independent List of Maratha dynasties and states, Maratha states under the nominal leadership of the former. The Marathas were a Marathi language, Marathi-speaking peasantry group from the western Deccan Plateau (present-day Maharashtra) that rose to prominence under leadership of Shivaji (17th century), who revolted against the Bijapur Sultanate and the Mughal Empire for establishing "Hindavi Swarajya" (). The religious attitude of Aurangzeb, Emperor Aurangzeb estranged Kafir, non-Muslims, and the Deccan wars, Maratha insurgency came at a great cost for his men and treasury. The Maratha government also included warriors, administrators, and other nobles from other Marathi people, Marathi groups. Shivaji's monarchy, referred to as the Maratha Kingdom, expanded into a large realm in the 18th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jadunath Sarkar
Sir Jadunath Sarkar, (10 December 1870 – 19 May 1958) was a prominent Indian historian and a specialist on the Mughal dynasty. Sarkar was educated in English literature and worked as a teacher for some time but later shifted his focus to history research writing. He had vast knowledge of Persian language and all his books he wrote in English. He was vice-chancellor (VC) of University of Calcutta from 1926 to 1928 and a member of Bengal Legislative Council between 1929 and 1932. In 1929 the British knighted him. Early life and education Sarkar was born on 10 December 1870 to a kayastha family in the village of Karachmaria in Chhatardighi, Singra, Rajshahi district, Bengal Presidency (now in Natore District, Bangladesh). His father, Rajkumar Sarkar, was a local zamindar and owned a large library. His mother Harisundari Devi had seven sons and three daughters, with Jadunath being the fifth child and third son. In 1891, he graduated in English from Presidency College, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vishwanath Kashinath Rajwade
Vishwanath Kashinath Rajwade (24 July 1863 – 31 December 1926) was an Indian historian, known for his work on the history of the Maratha Empire. He pioneered research into the Empire by visiting hundreds of villages across India and gathering thousands of historical documents, especially family records. He also founded the Bharat Itihas Sanshodhak Mandal, a research institute, at Pune in 1910. His students include historians like Datto Vaman Potdar, Vasudeo Sitaram Bendrey and G. H. Khare. The historian, Ram Sharan Sharma says: "With his unadulterated passion for research, V.K. Rajwade went from village to village in Maharashtra in search of Sanskrit manuscripts and sources of Maratha history; which were published in twenty-two volumes." The Indian History Congress created the Vishwanath Kashinath Rajwade Award for lifelong service and contribution to Indian history. Early life Rajwade was born on 24 July 1863 at Varsai, Raigad district, Bombay Presidency, at a Chitpavan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
James Grant Duff
James Grant Duff (8 July 1789 – 23 September 1858) was a British soldier and historian from Scotland, who was active in British India. Early life Born James Grant Duff was the eldest son of John Grant of Kincardine O'Neil and Margaret Miln Duff of Eden, who died 20 August 1824. When his father died about 1799, his mother moved to Aberdeen, where he went to school, and then onto the Marischal College. Military career Grant Duff was to become a civil servant of the East India Company, but being impatient at the prospect of delay in obtaining a post he accepted a cadetship in 1805 and sailed for Bombay. After completing the cadet training in Bombay, he joined the Bombay Grenadiers. In 1808 Duff participated as an ensign in the storming of Maliah, a fortified stronghold of freebooters, where he displayed bravery. At an unusually early age he became adjutant to his regiment and Persian interpreter, and was even more influential in it than this position indicated. While stil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Panipat (1761)
The Third Battle of Panipat took place on 14 January 1761 between the Maratha Empire and the invading army of the Durrani Empire. The battle took place in and around the city of Panipat, approximately north of Delhi. The Afghans were supported by three key allies in India: Najib ud-Daula who persuaded the support of the Rohilla chiefs, elements of the declining Mughal Empire, and most prized the Oudh State under Shuja-ud-Daula. Several high ranking nobles of the Mughal Empire were able to persuade Maharaja Deep Chand of the Kingdom of Kumaon, an old Himalayan ally of the Mughal Empire, to support the Afghan side in the battle. The Maratha army was led by Sadashivrao Bhau, who was third-highest authority of the Maratha Confederacy after the Chhatrapati and the Peshwa. The bulk of the Maratha army was stationed in the Deccan Plateau with the Peshwa. Militarily, the battle pitted the artillery, musketry, and cavalry of the Marathas against the heavy cavalry, musketry ('' jez ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scindia
House of Scindia or earlier known as the Sendrak was a Hindu Maratha Royal House that ruled the erstwhile Gwalior State in central India. Ranoji Scindia rose as a prominent military commander under Peshwa Bajirao I. Ranoji and his descendants, along with Holkars, played a leading role during the Maratha ascendancy in northern India in the 18th century. The Gwalior State became a princely state during the British Raj in the 19th and the 20th centuries. After India's independence in 1947 and the abolition of princely states, several members of the Scindia Dynasty went on to enter Indian politics. Foundation The Scindia dynasty was founded by Ranoji Scindia, a personal servant and soldier of Peshwa Bajirao I. Ranoji prospered early under Bajirao because of the favorable circumstances created by the appointment of Bajirao as the Peshwa at the age of twenty. This had evoked jealousy from senior officials like Anant Ram Sumant, Shripatrao Pant Pratinidhi, Khanderao Dabhade ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
