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1663 In Science
The year 1663 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy * Scottish mathematician James Gregory publishes ''Optica Promota'', describing theoretically the Gregorian telescope. Exploration * March 4 – The Prince Edward Islands in the sub-antarctic Indian Ocean are discovered by Barent Barentszoon Lam of the Dutch ship ''Maerseveen'' and named ''Dina'' (Prince Edward) and ''Maerseveen'' (Marion). Mathematics * The first book about games of chance, Girolamo Cardano's ''Liber de ludo aleae'' ("On Casting the Die"), written in the 1560s, is published. Meteorology * October 7 – Robert Hooke presents his "Method for making a history of the weather" to the Royal Society of London. Technology * The earliest known surviving clock with an anchor escapement is made by William Clement in England.The clock is in the Irish Museum of Time. Publications * Robert Boyle publishes ''Considerations touching the Usefulness of Experimental Natural Philosophy'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anchor Escapement
In horology, the anchor escapement is a type of escapement used in pendulum clocks. The escapement is a mechanism in a mechanical clock that maintains the swing of the pendulum by giving it a small push each swing, and allows the clock's wheels to advance a fixed amount with each swing, moving the clock's hands forward. The anchor escapement was so named because one of its principal parts is shaped vaguely like a ship's anchor. The anchor escapement was invented by clockmaker William Clement, who popularized the anchor in his invention of the longcase or grandfather clock around 1680. Clement's invention was a substantial improvement on Robert Hooke's constant force escapement of 1671. The oldest known anchor clock is Wadham College Clock, a tower clock built at Wadham College, Oxford, in 1670, probably by clockmaker Joseph Knibb. The anchor became the standard escapement used in almost all pendulum clocks. A more accurate variation without recoil called the deadbeat escapem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1663 In Science
The year 1663 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy * Scottish mathematician James Gregory publishes ''Optica Promota'', describing theoretically the Gregorian telescope. Exploration * March 4 – The Prince Edward Islands in the sub-antarctic Indian Ocean are discovered by Barent Barentszoon Lam of the Dutch ship ''Maerseveen'' and named ''Dina'' (Prince Edward) and ''Maerseveen'' (Marion). Mathematics * The first book about games of chance, Girolamo Cardano's ''Liber de ludo aleae'' ("On Casting the Die"), written in the 1560s, is published. Meteorology * October 7 – Robert Hooke presents his "Method for making a history of the weather" to the Royal Society of London. Technology * The earliest known surviving clock with an anchor escapement is made by William Clement in England.The clock is in the Irish Museum of Time. Publications * Robert Boyle publishes ''Considerations touching the Usefulness of Experimental Natural Philosophy'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1618 In Science
The year 1618 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy * March 8 – May 15 – Johannes Kepler formulates the third law of planetary motion. * July 21 – Pluto (not known at this time) reaches an aphelion. It next comes to aphelion in 1866. * Johann Baptist Cysat, Swiss Jesuit geometer and astronomer and one of Christoph Scheiner's pupils, becomes the first to study a comet through the telescope and gives the first description of the nucleus and coma of a comet. * September 6–25 – The Great Comet of 1618 is visible to the naked eye. James I described it as "Venus with a firebrand in her arse". Biology * Fortunio Liceti's ''De spontaneo Viventium Ortu'' supports the theory of spontaneous generation of organisms. Medicine * The College of Physicians of London publishes the ''Pharmacopœia Londinensis''. ''See:'' Births * April 2 – Francesco Maria Grimaldi, Italian physicist, discoverer of the diffraction of light (died 1663) * Jerem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Francesco Maria Grimaldi
Francesco Maria Grimaldi (2 April 1618 – 28 December 1663) was an Italian Jesuit priest, mathematician and physicist who taught at the Jesuit college in Bologna. He was born in Bologna to Paride Grimaldi and Anna Cattani. Work Between 1640 and 1650, working with Riccioli, he investigated the free fall of objects, confirming that the distance of fall was proportional to the square of the time taken. Grimaldi and Riccioli also made a calculation of gravity at the Earth's surface by recording the oscillations of an accurate pendulum. In astronomy, he built and used instruments to measure lunar mountains as well as the height of clouds, and drew an accurate map or, '' selenograph'', which was published by Riccioli and now adorns the entrance to the National Air and Space Museum in Washington D.C. He discovered and was the first to make accurate observations on the diffraction of light and coined the word 'diffraction'. In his book ''Physico-Mathesis de Lumine, Colori ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1705 In Science
The year 1705 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy * Edmond Halley, in his ''Synopsis Astronomia Cometicae'', states that comets seen in 1456, 1531, 1607, and 1682 were actually a single comet and correctly predicts that it will return in 1758. Life sciences * Dutch lepidopterist Maria Merian publishes ''Metamorphosis insectorum Surinamensium''. * French anatomist Raymond Vieussens publishes ''Novum vasorum corporis humani systema'', considered an early classic work on cardiology. * French surgeon Jean Louis Petit publishes ''L'Art de guerir les maladies des os'', the first significant work on bone disease. Other events * April 16 – Isaac Newton is knighted by Anne, Queen of Great Britain, at Trinity College, Cambridge. Births * February 22 – Peter Artedi, Swedish naturalist (died 1735) * April 11 – William Cookworthy, English chemist (died 1780) * June 21 – David Hartley, English physician and psychologist (died 1757) * ''un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Physicist
A physicist is a scientist who specializes in the field of physics, which encompasses the interactions of matter and energy at all length and time scales in the physical universe. Physicists generally are interested in the root or ultimate causes of Phenomenon, phenomena, and usually frame their understanding in mathematical terms. They work across a wide range of Physics#Research fields, research fields, spanning all length scales: from atom, sub-atomic and particle physics, through biological physics, to physical cosmology, cosmological length scales encompassing the universe as a whole. The field generally includes two types of physicists: Experimental physics, experimental physicists who specialize in the observation of natural phenomena and the development and analysis of experiments, and Theoretical physics, theoretical physicists who specialize in mathematical modeling of physical systems to rationalize, explain and predict natural phenomena. Physicists can apply their k ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guillaume Amontons
Guillaume Amontons (31 August 1663 – 11 October 1705) was a French scientific instrument inventor and physicist. He was one of the pioneers in studying the problem of friction, which is the resistance to motion when bodies make contact. He is also known for his work on thermodynamics, the concept of absolute zero, and early engine design. Life Guillaume was born in Paris, France. His father was a lawyer from Normandy who had moved to the French capital. While still young, Guillaume lost his hearing and became mostly deaf. According to one biographer, Fontenelle, while studying perpetual motion, he became convinced of the importance of studying machines from a mathematical perspective. He never attended a university, but was able to study mathematics, the physical sciences, and celestial mechanics. He also spent time studying the skills of drawing, surveying, and architecture. He died in Paris, France. Work He was supported in his research career by the government, and was e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robert Boyle
Robert Boyle (; 25 January 1627 – 31 December 1691) was an Anglo-Irish natural philosopher, chemist, physicist, Alchemy, alchemist and inventor. Boyle is largely regarded today as the first modern chemist, and therefore one of the founders of modern chemistry, and one of the pioneers of modern experimental scientific method. He is best known for Boyle's law, which describes the inversely proportional relationship between the absolute pressure and volume of a gas, if the temperature is kept constant within a closed system. Among his works, ''The Sceptical Chymist'' is seen as a cornerstone book in the field of chemistry. He was a devout and pious Anglican and is noted for his works in theology. Biography Early years Boyle was born at Lismore Castle in County Waterford, in the far south of Ireland, the seventh son and fourteenth child of Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork, the 1st Earl of Cork ("the Great Earl of Cork") and Catherine Fenton Boyle, Catherine Fenton. Lord Cor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Irish Museum Of Time
The Irish Museum of Time is a horological museum in Waterford, the Republic of Ireland. It is situated in the Waterford Viking Triangle, an area with various historical sites and museums. It opened on 14 June 2021 and owns about 600 timepieces. It is a part of the Waterford Treasures, along with five other museums. History Colman Curran and his wife Elizabeth Clooney decided to donate their collection of clocks, worth over 600,000 euros, to the Republic of Ireland, and Curran met Eamonn McEneaney, director of the Waterford Treasures, in 2015. They searched for the right place to house the collection for two years, and found a disused Methodist church at Greyfriars Street in the Waterford Viking Triangle, Viking Triangle. In 2018, another horologist, David Boles, also decided to donate his collection to this project. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, it took longer to refurbish the building and the official opening of the museum was delayed. On 14 June 2021, the Irish Museum of Time ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
