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1629 In Science
The year 1629 in science and technology involved some significant events. Botany * In London, John Parkinson publishes '. Chemistry * English alchemist Arthur Dee, court physician to Michael I of Russia, compiles ''Fasciculus Chemicus, Chymical Collections. Expressing the Ingress, Progress, and Egress, of the Secret Hermetick Science out of the choicest and most famous authors''. Medicine * Plague breaks out in Mantua and spreads to Milan. * In Toulouse, Niall Ó Glacáin publishes ''Tractatus de Peste''. Technology * In Rome, Giovanni Branca publishes '. Births * April 14 – Christiaan Huygens, Dutch mathematician and physicist (died 1695) * Laurent Cassegrain, French priest and physicist (died 1693) * Jan Commelijn, Dutch botanist (died 1692) * Christophe Glaser, Swiss pharmacian (died 1672) * Johann Glaser, Swiss anatomist (died 1675) * Agnes Block, Dutch horticulturalist (died 1704) Deaths * July 13 – Caspar Bartholin the Elder, Danish polymath, physician and the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Science
Science is a systematic endeavor that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe. Science may be as old as the human species, and some of the earliest archeological evidence for scientific reasoning is tens of thousands of years old. The earliest written records in the history of science come from Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia in around 3000 to 1200 BCE. Their contributions to mathematics, astronomy, and medicine entered and shaped Greek natural philosophy of classical antiquity, whereby formal attempts were made to provide explanations of events in the physical world based on natural causes. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, knowledge of Greek conceptions of the world deteriorated in Western Europe during the early centuries (400 to 1000 CE) of the Middle Ages, but was preserved in the Muslim world during the Islamic Golden Age and later by the efforts of Byzantine Greek scholars who brought Greek ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rome
, established_title = Founded , established_date = 753 BC , founder = King Romulus (legendary) , image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg , map_caption = The territory of the ''comune'' (''Roma Capitale'', in red) inside the Metropolitan City of Rome (''Città Metropolitana di Roma'', in yellow). The white spot in the centre is Vatican City. , pushpin_map = Italy#Europe , pushpin_map_caption = Location within Italy##Location within Europe , pushpin_relief = yes , coordinates = , coor_pinpoint = , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = Italy , subdivision_type2 = Region , subdivision_name2 = Lazio , subdivision_type3 = Metropolitan city , subdivision_name3 = Rome Capital , government_footnotes= , government_type = Strong Mayor–Council , leader_title2 = Legislature , leader_name2 = Capitoline Assemb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1704 In Science
The year 1704 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy * ''approx. date'' – The first modern orrery is built by George Graham and Thomas Tompion. Earth sciences * An earthquake strikes Gondar in Ethiopia. Meteorology * Daniel Defoe documents the Great Storm of 1703 with eyewitness testimonies in '' The Storm'' (London). Physics * Isaac Newton releases a record of experiments and the deductions made from them in ''Opticks'', a major contribution in study of optics and refraction of light. * Pierre Varignon invents the U-tube manometer, a device capable of measuring rarefaction in gases. Technology * The second electric machine is invented by British engineer Francis Hauksbee the elder ( 1660–1713): it is a sphere of glass rotated by a wheel. * For watch movements, Peter Debaufre invents the Debaufre escapement, the first frictional rest watch escapement produced: the escapement consists of two saw-tooth escape wheels of the same count. * Fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agnes Block
Agnes, or Agneta Block (29 October 1629, Emmerich am Rhein – 20 April 1704, Amsterdam) was a Dutch Mennonite art collector and horticulturalist. She is most remembered as the compiler of an album of flower and insect paintings. Life Agneta Block was the daughter of a successful Mennonite textile merchant. She first married Hans de Wolff (1613–1670), a silk merchant, in Amsterdam in 1649, and after he died, in 1674 she remarried in Amsterdam Sijbrand de Flines (1623–1697). In Amsterdam, she lived on the Herengracht close to Joost van den Vondel, who became a regular visitor at her house. Vondel had married Mayken de Wolff, who was the sister of Agnes's first husband's father. This elderly uncle ate at her house on Fridays, and is probably one of her greatest influences. Vijverhof After the death of her first husband, Agneta bought a country estate on the Vecht river in Loenen, which she proceeded to decorate with a large collection of curiosities, including the gardens, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1675 In Science
The year 1675 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy * March 4 – John Flamsteed appointed as "astronomical observator", in effect, the first Astronomer Royal of England. * Giovanni Cassini discovers Saturn's Cassini Division. Exploration * The Antarctic Convergence is first crossed by Anthony de la Roché, who lands on South Georgia. Mathematics * November 11 – German polymath Gottfried Leibniz uses infinitesimal calculus for the first time to find the area under the graph of the function ''y=f(x)''. Births * February 28 – Guillaume Delisle, French cartographer (died 1726) Deaths * October – James Gregory, Scottish mathematician and astronomer (born 1638) * October 27 – Gilles de Roberval, French mathematician (born 1602) * November 11 – Thomas Willis, English physician (born 1621) * ''approx. date'' – John Jonston, Polish naturalist and physician (born 1603 Events January–June * February 25 – Dutch–Portug ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johann Glaser
Johann Heinrich Glaser (6 October 1629 – 5 February 1675) was a Swiss anatomist. Known for his anatomical dissections on animals and humans, the Glaserian fissure is named for him. Glaser was born in Basel, Switzerland where his father was a well-known painter and engraver. He studied locally and went to Geneva where he studied medicine. He then moved to Paris and became interested in botany at the Museum d’Histoire Naturelle. In 1650 he wrote his dissertation ''De dolore colico.'' In 1661 he received a doctorate and because of his knowledge of Greek he was appointed professor at 1665 at the Faculté de Médecine, Basel. He moved to the chair of anatomy and botany in 1667. In his ''Tractatus de cerebro'' which was published posthumously in 1680 he described a fissure which is named after him as Fissura Glaseri. Glaser gave a funeral oration on the death of Hieronymus Bauhin (1637-1667), son of Caspar Bauhin Gaspard Bauhin or Caspar Bauhin ( la, Casparus Bauhinus; 17 Januar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1672 In Science
The year 1672 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy * John Flamsteed determines the solar parallax from observations of Mars. * Giovanni Cassini discovers Rhea, a satellite of Saturn. * Sir Isaac Newton reads his first ''Optiks'' paper before the Royal Society of London. Botany * Robert Morison publishes ''Plantarum Umbelliferarum Distributio Nova, per Tabulas Cognationis et Affinitatis, ex Libra Naturae observata et detecta'', the first monograph devoted to a specific group of plants, the ''Umbelliferae''. Mathematics * Georg Mohr publishes the Mohr–Mascheroni theorem, that any geometric construction that can be performed by a compass and straightedge can be performed by a compass alone. Medicine * Paul Barbette publishes ''Opera omnia medica et chirurgica''. * Richard Lower publishes ''De Catarrhis'', the first scholarly attempt by an English physician to take a classical doctrine (the theory that nasal catarrh is caused by secretions oversp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christophe Glaser
Christopher Glaser (1615 – between 1670 and 1678), a pharmaceutical chemist of the 17th century. Life He was born in Basel. He became demonstrator of chemistry, as successor of Lefebvre, at the Jardin du Roi in Paris, and apothecary to Louis XIV and to the Duke of Orléans. He is best known through his ''Traité de la chymie'' (Paris, 1663), which went through some ten editions in about twenty-five years, and was translated into both German and English. It has been alleged that he was an accomplice in the notorious poisonings carried out by Madame de Brinvilliers, but the extent of his complicity in providing Godin de Sainte-Croix poison in the ''Affair of the Poisons'' is doubtful. He appears to have died before 1676. The ''sal polychrestum Glaseri'' is normal potassium sulfate which Glaser prepared and used medicinally. The mineral K3Na(SO4) 2 (Glaserite Potassium sulfate (US) or potassium sulphate (UK), also called sulphate of potash (SOP), arcanite, or archaically potas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1692 In Science
The year 1692 in science and technology: Events * In the American colonies, the Salem witch trials develop, following 250 years of witch-hunts in Europe. Mathematics * The tractrix, sometimes called a tractory or equitangential curve, is first studied by Christiaan Huygens, who gives it its name. * John Arbuthnot publishes ''Of the Laws of Chance'' (translated from Huygens' ''De ratiociniis in ludo aleae''), the first work on probability theory in English. Medicine * Thomas Sydenham's ''Processus integri'' ("The Process of Healing") is published posthumously. Births * April 22 – James Stirling, Scottish mathematician (died 1770) Deaths * May – John Banister, English missionary and botanist, accidentally shot (born 1654 Events January–March * January 6– In India, Jaswant Singh of Marwar (in what is now the state of Rajasthan) is elevated to the title of Maharaja by Emperor Shah Jahan. * January 11– In the Battle of Río Bueno in sout ...) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jan Commelijn
Jan Commelin (23 April 1629 – 19 January 1692), also known as Jan Commelijn, Johannes Commelin or Johannes Commelinus, was a botanist, and was the son of historian Isaac Commelin; his brother Casparus was a bookseller and newspaper publisher. Jan became a professor of botany when many plants were imported from the Cape and Ceylon and a new system had to be developed. As alderman of the city, together with burgomaster Johan Huydecoper van Maarsseveen he led the arrangement of the new botanic garden Hortus Medicus, later becoming Hortus Botanicus. He cultivated exotic plants on his farm 'Zuyderhout' near Haarlem. Commelin amassed a fortune by selling herbs and drugs to apothecaries and hospitals in Amsterdam and other Dutch cities. Commelin did a great deal of the work in publishing ''Hortus malabaricus'' of Rheede, and ''Nederlandse Flora'' published in 1683 as well as contributing commentaries to the second and third volumes. He also prepared for publication "Horti Medici Am ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1693 In Science
The year 1693 in science and technology involved some significant events. Actuarial science * Edmond Halley publishes an article in ''Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society'' on life annuities featuring a life table constructed on the basis of statistics from Breslau provided by Caspar Neumann. Botany * Publication of Charles Plumier's first work, ''Description des plantes de l'Amérique'', in Paris, principally devoted to ferns. Mathematics * Bernard Frénicle de Bessy's , a treatise on magic squares, is published posthumously, describing all 880 essentially different normal magic squares of order 4. Physiology and medicine * Flemish anatomist Philip Verheyen, in his widely used text ''Corporis Humani Anatomia'', is the first to record the name of the Achilles tendon. Births * March – James Bradley, Astronomer Royal (died 1762) Deaths * February 18 – Elias Tillandz, Swedish physician and botanist in Finland (born 1640) * October 4 – Sir Thomas Clayton, Engli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laurent Cassegrain
Laurent Cassegrain (; – 1 September 1693) was a Catholic priest who is notable as the probable inventor of the Cassegrain reflector, a folded two-mirror reflecting telescope design. Biography Laurent Cassegrain was born in the region of Chartres around 1629 and was the son of Mathurin Cassegrain and Jehanne Marquet. It is unknown what his education was but he was a priest and professor by 1654. He may have been interested in acoustics, optics and mechanics. At the time of his death he was working as a teacher giving science classes at the Collège de Chartres, a French lycée, i.e., a high-school like institution. He died at Chaudon (Eure-et-Loir) on 1 September 1693. Connection with the Cassegrain reflector The Cassegrain reflector is a reflecting telescope design that solved the problem of viewing an image without obstructing the primary mirror by using a convex secondary mirror on the optical axis to bounce the light back through a hole in the primary mirror thus permit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
