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Buxbaumia Viridis
''Buxbaumia viridis'', also known as the green shield-moss, is a rare bryophyte found sporadically throughout the northern hemisphere. The gametophyte of this moss is not macroscopically visible; the large, distinct sporophyte of ''B. viridis'' is the only identifying structure of this moss. This moss can be found singularly or in small groups on decaying wood, mostly in humid, sub-alpine to alpine '' Picea abies'', '' Abies alba'', or mixed tree forests. This moss is rare and conservation efforts are being made in most countries ''B. viridis'' is found in. Characteristics Gametophyte The gametophyte of ''Buxbaumia viridis'' is microscopic, existing mostly as non-competitive, slow-growing protonema. It is not desiccation-tolerant. ''B. viridis'' is dioicus, with its antheridia and archegonia forming on small, singular leaves borne on the ends of the protonema. The leaves that contain the archegonia are not present long as they quickly develop into sporophytes. Fertilization ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bryophyte
The Bryophyta s.l. are a proposed taxonomic division containing three groups of non-vascular land plants (embryophytes): the liverworts, hornworts and mosses. Bryophyta s.s. consists of the mosses only. They are characteristically limited in size and prefer moist habitats although they can survive in drier environments. The bryophytes consist of about 20,000 plant species. Bryophytes produce enclosed reproductive structures (gametangia and sporangia), but they do not produce flowers or seeds. They reproduce sexually by spores and asexually by fragmentation or the production of gemmae. Though bryophytes were considered a paraphyletic group in recent years, almost all of the most recent phylogenetic evidence supports the monophyly of this group, as originally classified by Wilhelm Schimper in 1879. The term ''bryophyte'' comes . Terminology The term "Bryophyta" was first suggested by Braun in 1864. G.M. Smith placed this group between Algae and Pteridophyta. Features The d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Operculum (botany)
In botany, an operculum () or calyptra () is a cap-like structure in some flowering plants, mosses, and fungus, fungi. It is a covering, hood or lid, describing a feature in plant morphology. Flowering plants In flowering plants, the operculum, also known as a calyptra, is the cap-like covering or "lid" of the flower or fruit that detaches at maturity. The operculum is formed by the fusion of sepals and/or petals and is usually shed as a single structure as the flower or fruit matures. The name is also used for the capping tissue of roots, the root cap. In eucalypts, (including ''Eucalyptus'' and ''Corymbia'' but not ''Angophora'') there may be two opercula - an outer operculum formed by the fusion of the united sepals and an inner operculum formed by the fusion of the sepals. In that case, the outer operculum is shed early in the development of the bud leaving a scar around the bud. In those species that lack an outer operculum, there is no bud scar. The inner operculum is sh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Forest Management
Forest management is a branch of forestry concerned with overall administrative, legal, economic, and social aspects, as well as scientific and technical aspects, such as silviculture, protection, and forest regulation. This includes management for timber, aesthetics, recreation, urban values, water, wildlife, inland and nearshore fisheries, wood products, plant genetic resources, and other forest resource values. Management objectives can be for conservation, utilisation, or a mixture of the two. Techniques include timber extraction, planting and replanting of different species, building and maintenance of roads and pathways through forests, and preventing fire. Definition The forest is a natural system that can supply different products and services. Forests supply water, mitigate climate change, provide habitats for wildlife including many pollinators which are essential for sustainable food production, provide timber and fuelwood, serve as a source of non-wood forest products ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Europe
Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a Continent#Subcontinents, subcontinent of Eurasia and it is located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. Comprising the westernmost peninsulas of Eurasia, it shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with both Africa and Asia. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south and Asia to the east. Europe is commonly considered to be Boundaries between the continents of Earth#Asia and Europe, separated from Asia by the drainage divide, watershed of the Ural Mountains, the Ural (river), Ural River, the Caspian Sea, the Greater Caucasus, the Black Sea and the waterways of the Turkish Straits. "Europe" (pp. 68–69); "Asia" (pp. 90–91): "A commonly accepted division between Asia and E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arion (gastropod)
''Arion'' is a genus of air-breathing land slugs in the family Arionidae, the roundback slugs. Most species of this Palearctic genus are native to the Iberian Peninsula. Species can be difficult to distinguish from one another upon cursory examination, because individuals of a species can vary in color and there are few obvious differences between taxa. The color of an individual can be influenced by its diet.Jordaens, K., et al. (2001)Food-induced body pigmentation questions the taxonomic value of colour in the self-fertilizing slug ''Carinarion'' spp.''Journal of Molluscan Studies'' 67(2), 161-67. Some ''Arion'' are known as pests, such as ''A. lusitanicus'' auct. non Mabille (= ''A. vulgaris''), which damages agricultural crops and ornamental plants, and ''A. rufus'', a familiar garden pest. ''Arion'' slugs are often transported internationally in shipments of plant products and mushrooms. ''Arion'' slugs have been identified in North America and Australia as invasive species, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dioicous
Dioicy () is a sexual system where archegonia and antheridia are produced on separate gametophytes. It is one of the two main sexual systems in bryophytes. Both dioicous () and monoicous gametophytes produce gametes in gametangia by mitosis rather than meiosis, so that sperm and eggs are genetically identical with their parent gametophyte. Description Dioicy promotes outcrossing. Sexual dimorphism is commonly found in dioicous species. However, according to Bernard Goffinet sexual dimorphism is rare in dioicous moss species. Dioicy is correlated with reduced sporophyte production, due to spatial separation of male and female colonies, scarcity or absence of males. The term dioecy is meaningless for bryophytes because it refers to the sexuality of sporophytes. Nonetheless dioecy and dioicy are comparable in many respects. Etymology The words dioicous and di(o)ecious are derived from οἶκος or οἰκία and δι- (di-), twice, double. (''(o)e'' is the Latin way of tra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chiloscyphus Profundus
''Chiloscyphus'' is a genus of liverworts belonging to the family Lophocoleaceae. The genus has cosmopolitan distribution In biogeography, cosmopolitan distribution is the term for the range of a taxon that extends across all or most of the world in appropriate habitats. Such a taxon, usually a species, is said to exhibit cosmopolitanism or cosmopolitism. The ext .... Species: * '' Chiloscyphus acutus'' Steph. * '' Chiloscyphus alpicola'' J.J.Engel References {{Taxonbar, from=Q13573605 Jungermanniales Jungermanniales genera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tetraphis Pellucida
''Tetraphis pellucida'', the pellucid four-tooth moss, is one of two species of moss in the acrocarpous genus ''Tetraphis''. Its name refers to its four large peristome teeth found on the sporophyte capsule. Range and morphology ''Tetraphis pellucida'' occurs almost exclusively on rotten stumps and logs, and is native to the northern hemisphere. The leafy shoot is between eight and 15 mm tall. The lower leaves are 1 to 2 mm long, whereas the upper and perichaetial leaves – leaves that surround the archegonia – are 3 mm long. The leaves are plain and whole at the margins. Reproduction ''Tetraphis pellucida'' reproduces both asexually through the production of gemmae, and sexually resulting in a sporophyte which will produce spores. Asexual reproduction ''Tetraphis pellucida'' reproduces asexually through the use of propagules called gemmae. The gemmae are found either in gemma cups or stalks. Gemma cups are typically composed of three to five larger, spe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dicranum Scoparium
''Dicranum scoparium'', the broom forkmoss, is a species of dicranid moss, native to most of the northern hemisphere as well as Oceania Oceania (, , ) is a region, geographical region that includes Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. Spanning the Eastern Hemisphere, Eastern and Western Hemisphere, Western hemispheres, Oceania is estimated to have a land area of .... It usually forms tufts or mats on soil in dry to moist forested areas. As with many types of moss Broom moss grows in clumps with Broom mosses as well as other mosses. It can be distinguished by its leaves, which strongly curve to one side. Description Broom forkmoss is usually robust and coarse, forming shiny tufts with woolly stems 2–8 cm high. The leaf midrib extends to the tip and usually has 4 ridges along its back. The leaves are 3.5–8 mm long, lance-shaped with a long, slender point, and strongly toothed along the upper third. Most leaves will be folded and curved to one s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhizomnium Punctatum
Rhizomnium punctatum, also called dotted thyme-moss, is a small species in the genus ''Rhizomnium''. Description The roots, which are 10–100 mm tall, stand up straight. The oval- or egg-shaped leaves are usually broader above the middle. The rhizoids are not slender, unlike similar species ''R. magnifolium'' and ''R. pseudopunctatum'' and they grow in the leaf axils. Capsules, measuring 5mm long, are borne on setae which are 20-30mm. Distribution ''Rhizomnium punctatum'' is native to most of Europe and North America and is also found in the Azores and Madeira, North Africa, Turkey, the Caucasus, Iran and Asia east to Siberia. Found on all corners of the British Isles, although once again less frequent in Ireland. It also has a more scattered range in the East, from Cambridge north to Kingston upon Hull. It can be found on Scilly, Orkney, Shetland and the Isle of Man ) , anthem = "O Land of Our Birth" , image = Isle of Man by Sentinel-2.jpg , image_map = Europe-Is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Herzogiella Seligeri
''Herzogiella'' is a genus of mosses belonging to the family Hypnaceae. The genus name of ''Herzogiella'' is in honour of Theodor Carl Julius Herzog (1880– 1961), who was a German bryologist and phytogeographer. The genus was circumscribed by Viktor Ferdinand Brotherus in Nat. Pflanzenfam. ed.2, vol.11 on page 466 in 1925. The genus has almost cosmopolitan distribution. Species: * ''Herzogiella adscendens'' Iwatsuki & W.B.Schofield, 1973 * ''Herzogiella boliviana'' Fleischer, 1925 * ''Herzogiella cylindricarpa'' (Cardot) Z. Iwats. * ''Herzogiella letestui'' (Dixon & P. de la Varde) Ando * ''Herzogiella perrobusta'' (Broth.) Z. Iwats. * ''Herzogiella renitens'' (Mitt.) Z. Iwats. * '' Herzogiella seligeri'' (Brid.) Z. Iwats. * ''Herzogiella striatella'' (Brid.) Z. Iwats. * ''Herzogiella turfacea ''Herzogiella'' is a genus of mosses belonging to the family Hypnaceae. The genus name of ''Herzogiella'' is in honour of Theodor Carl Julius Herzog (1880– 1961), who wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Montane Ecosystems
Montane ecosystems are found on the slopes of mountains. The alpine climate in these regions strongly affects the ecosystem because temperatures fall as elevation increases, causing the ecosystem to stratify. This stratification is a crucial factor in shaping plant community, biodiversity, metabolic processes and ecosystem dynamics for montane ecosystems. Dense montane forests are common at moderate elevations, due to moderate temperatures and high rainfall. At higher elevations, the climate is harsher, with lower temperatures and higher winds, preventing the growth of trees and causing the plant community to transition to montane grasslands, shrublands or alpine tundra. Due to the unique climate conditions of montane ecosystems, they contain increased numbers of endemic species. Montane ecosystems also exhibit variation in ecosystem services, which include carbon storage and water supply. Life zones As elevation increases, the climate becomes cooler, due to a decrease in a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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