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Brﾄフianu-class River Monitor
The ''Brﾄフianu''-class river monitors were a class of four river monitors used by the Romanian Navy. They were named ''Ion C. Brﾄフianu'', ''Lascﾄビ Catargiu'', ''Mihail Kogﾄネniceanu'' and ''Alexandru Lahovari''. Design and construction The class was based on similar Austro-Hungarian river monitors, such as the ''Kﾃｶrﾃｶs'' and '' Temes'' classes. The Romanian warships were larger and had a main armament of three 120 mm naval guns in individual turrets, two 120 mm howitzers, four QF guns of 47 mm and two 6.5 mm machine guns. Armor thickness reached 70窶75 mm around the belt, turrets and conning tower, 60 mm at the bulkheads and down to only 20 mm over some portions of the deck. The four warships were built by STT in Austria-Hungary in sections, transported to Romania by rail then assembled and launched at the Galaﾈ嬖 shipyard in Romania between 1907 and 1908. Operational service World War I During the Romanian Campaign of the First World W ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stabilimento Tecnico Triestino
Stabilimento Tecnico Triestino (STT) ("Technical Establishment of Trieste") was a private shipbuilding company based in Trieste from the mid-19th to early 20th century, and the most important naval shipbuilding firm of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. After World War I, Trieste was annexed by Italy and the firm built naval and commercial vessels for its new host country. STT was merged with another Italian shipbuilding firm, Cantiere Navale Triestino, in 1929 to form Cantieri Riuniti dell' Adriatico (CRDA). As CRDA Trieste, its shipyards remained active well into the postwar period, becoming part of the Fincantieri group in 1984. History Austro-Hungarian ownership Stabilimento Tecnico Triestino had its origins in a private shipyard founded by Gaspare Tonello at San Marco, on the coastline west of Trieste, in 1838. In 1857, the shipyard was merged with a local manufacturer of marine steam engine, marine engines to become STT. A second shipyard was also acquired, at San Rocco near the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central Powers
The Central Powers, also known as the Central Empires,german: Mittelmﾃ､chte; hu, Kﾃｶzponti hatalmak; tr, ﾄｰttifak Devletleri / ; bg, ﾐｦﾐｵﾐｽﾑびﾐｰﾐｻﾐｽﾐｸ ﾑﾐｸﾐｻﾐｸ, translit=Tsentralni sili was one of the two main coalitions that fought in World War I (1914窶1918). It consisted of the German Empire, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and the Kingdom of Bulgaria and was also known as the Quadruple Alliance.german: Vierbund, tr, Dﾃｶrtlﾃｼ ﾄｰttifak, hu, Kﾃｶzponti hatalmak, bg, ﾐｧﾐｵﾑひｲﾐｾﾑﾐｵﾐｽ ﾑﾑ貫社ｷ, translit=Chetvoren sﾅｫyuz Colonies of these countries also fought on the Central Powers' side such as German New Guinea and German East Africa, until almost all of their colonies were occupied by the Allies. The Central Powers faced and were defeated by the Allied Powers that had formed around the Triple Entente. The Central Powers' origin was the alliance of Germany and Austria-Hungary in 1879. Despite having nominally joined the Triple Alliance before, Italy d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ships Built In Austria-Hungary
A ship is a large watercraft that travels the world's oceans and other sufficiently deep waterways, carrying cargo or passengers, or in support of specialized missions, such as defense, research, and fishing. Ships are generally distinguished from boats, based on size, shape, load capacity, and purpose. Ships have supported exploration, trade, warfare, migration, colonization, and science. After the 15th century, new crops that had come from and to the Americas via the European seafarers significantly contributed to world population growth. Ship transport is responsible for the largest portion of world commerce. The word ''ship'' has meant, depending on the era and the context, either just a large vessel or specifically a ship-rigged sailing ship with three or more masts, each of which is square-rigged. As of 2016, there were more than 49,000 merchant ships, totaling almost 1.8 billion dead weight tons. Of these 28% were oil tankers, 43% were bulk carriers, and 13% were con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Riverine Warfare
The term brown-water navy or riverine navy refers in its broadest sense to any naval force capable of military operations in littoral zone waters. The term originated in the United States Navy during the American Civil War, when it referred to Union forces patrolling the muddy Mississippi River, and has since been used to describe the small gunboats and patrol boats commonly used in rivers, along with the larger "mother ships" that supported them. These mother ships include converted World War II-era Landing Crafts and Tank Landing Ships, among other vessels. Brown-water navies are contrasted with seaworthy blue-water navies, which can independently conduct operations in open ocean. Green-water navies, which can operate in brackish estuaries and littoral coasts, are the bridge between brown-water navies and blue-water navies. History Napoleonic Wars After losing its blue-water fleet in the Battle of Copenhagen in 1807, the kingdom of Denmark-Norway quickly built a brown- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monitor Classes
Monitor or monitor may refer to: Places * Monitor, Alberta * Monitor, Indiana, town in the United States * Monitor, Kentucky * Monitor, Oregon, unincorporated community in the United States * Monitor, Washington * Monitor, Logan County, West Virginia * Monitor, Monroe County, West Virginia * Loope, California, formerly Monitor Arts, entertainment, and media Fictional characters * Monitor (Mar Novu), a DC comics character * Monitors (DC Comics), a group of fictional comic book characters, who appear in books published by DC Comics Periodicals * ''Monitor'' (magazine), a weekly newsmagazine published in Podgorica, Montenegro * ''Monitor'' (Polish newspaper), an 18th-century Polish newspaper * ''Concord Monitor'', a daily newspaper in New Hampshire, United States * ''The Monitor'' (Sydney), a biweekly newspaper published between 1826 and 1841 * ''Daily Monitor'', a Ugandan newspaper Television * ''Monitor'' (UK TV programme), a BBC arts programme which aired from 1958 to 1965 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Operation Barbarossa
Operation Barbarossa (german: link=no, Unternehmen Barbarossa; ) was the invasion of the Soviet Union by Nazi Germany and many of its Axis allies, starting on Sunday, 22 June 1941, during the Second World War. The operation, code-named after Frederick Barbarossa ("red beard"), a 12th-century Holy Roman emperor and German king, put into action Nazi Germany's ideological goal of conquering the western Soviet Union to repopulate it with Germans. The German aimed to use some of the conquered people as forced labour for the Axis war effort while acquiring the oil reserves of the Caucasus as well as the agricultural resources of various Soviet territories. Their ultimate goal was to create more (living space) for Germany, and the eventual extermination of the indigenous Slavic peoples by mass deportation to Siberia, Germanisation, enslavement, and genocide. In the two years leading up to the invasion, Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union signed political and economic pacts for st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flﾄノﾃ｢nda Offensive
The Flﾄノﾃ｢nda Offensive (or Flﾄノﾃ｢nda Maneuver), which took place during World War I between 29 September and 5 October 1916, was an offensive across the Danube mounted by the Romanian Third Army (Romania), 3rd Army supported by Romanian coastal artillery. Named after the hamlet of Prundu, Flﾄノﾃ｢nda, the battle represented a consistent effort by the Romanian Army to stop the Central Powers' southern offensive led by August von Mackensen. The battle ended as a tactical victory for the Central Powers. Background Romania joined the Allies of World War I, Allies in in August 1916 when its forces Battle of Transylvania, invaded Transylvania across the border in the Carpathian Mountains. The Romanian forces quickly defeated the small number of Austro-Hungarian forces based in the border area and started their advance into Austro-Hungarian territory, but were soon halted. Meanwhile, a Central Powers force comprising Bulgarian, German and Turkish troops and led by August von Mackense ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First Battle Of Cobadin
The First Battle of Cobadin, also known as the First Battle of the Rasova窶鼎obadin窶典uzla Line, was a battle fought from 17 to 19 of September 1916 between the Bulgarian Third Army and the Romanian窶迭ussian Army of the Dobruja. The battle ended in Entente tactical victory and forced the Central Powers to hold their offensive and assume a defensive stance till the middle of October. The right flank of the Allied forces was supported by the Romanian Navy's Danube Flotilla, consisting mainly of four ''Brﾄフianu''-class river monitors. These warships blocked with mines the river sectors of Silistra, Ostrov, and Gura Borcea, protected the 8 September evacuation of Silistra, attacked enemy land convoys, and destroyed enemy batteries.''Romanian Review'', Volume 51, Issues 327-332, p. 139 See also * Second Battle of Cobadin The Second Battle of Cobadin was a battle fought from 19 to 25 October 1916 between the Central Powers, chiefly the Bulgarian Third Army, and the Enten ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Danube Delta
The Danube Delta ( ro, Delta Dunﾄビii, ; uk, ﾐ頒ｵﾐｻﾑ袴ひｰ ﾐ飯σｽﾐｰﾑ, Deﾄｾta Dunaju, ) is the second largest river delta in Europe, after the Volga Delta, and is the best preserved on the continent. The greater part of the Danube Delta lies in Romania (Tulcea County), with a small part in Ukraine (Odessa Oblast). Its approximate surface area is , of which is in Romania. With the lagoons of Razim窶鉄inoe ( with water surface), located south of the main delta, the total area of the Danube Delta is . The Razim窶鉄inoe lagoon complex is geologically and ecologically related to the delta proper; the combined territory is listed as a World Heritage Site. Geography and geology The modern Danube Delta began to form after 4000 BCE in a bay of the Black Sea when the sea rose to its present level. A sandy barrier blocked the Danube bay where the river initially built its delta. Upon filling the bay with sediment, the delta advanced outside this barrier-blocked estuary after 3500 BCE, b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Turtucaia
The Battle of Turtucaia ( ro, Bﾄフﾄネia de la Turtucaia; bg, ﾐ岱ｸﾑひｺﾐｰ ﾐｿﾑﾐｸ ﾐ｢ﾑτびﾐｰﾐｺﾐｰﾐｽ, ''Bitka pri Tutrakan''), also known as Tutrakan Epopee ( bg, ﾐ｢ﾑτびﾐｰﾐｺﾐｰﾐｽﾑﾐｺﾐｰ ﾐｵﾐｿﾐｾﾐｿﾐｵﾑ, ''Tutrakanska epopeya'') in Bulgaria, was the opening battle of the first Central Powers offensive during the Romanian Campaign of World War I. The battle lasted for five days and ended with the capture of the fortress of Turtucaia (now Tutrakan) and the surrender of its Romanian defenders. Background By August 1916 the Central Powers found themselves in an increasingly difficult military situation 窶 in the West the German offensive at Verdun had turned into a costly battle of attrition, in the East the Brusilov Offensive was crippling the Austro-Hungarian Army, and in the South the Italian Army was increasing the pressure on the Austro-Hungarians, while General Maurice Sarrail's Allied expeditionary force in northern Greece seemed poised for a major offensive against the Bulgarian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire,, the Dual Monarchy, or Austria, was a constitutional monarchy and great power in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. It was formed with the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 in the aftermath of the Austro-Prussian War and was dissolved shortly after its defeat in the First World War. Austria-Hungary was ruled by the House of Habsburg and constituted the last phase in the constitutional evolution of the Habsburg monarchy. It was a multinational state and one of Europe's major powers at the time. Austria-Hungary was geographically the second-largest country in Europe after the Russian Empire, at and the third-most populous (after Russia and the German Empire). The Empire built up the fourth-largest machine building industry in the world, after the United States, Germany and the United Kingdom. Austria-Hungary also became the world's third-largest manufacturer and exporter of electric home appliances, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War I
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fighting occurring throughout Europe, the Middle East, Africa, the Pacific, and parts of Asia. An estimated 9 million soldiers were killed in combat, plus another 23 million wounded, while 5 million civilians died as a result of military action, hunger, and disease. Millions more died in genocides within the Ottoman Empire and in the 1918 influenza pandemic, which was exacerbated by the movement of combatants during the war. Prior to 1914, the European great powers were divided between the Triple Entente (comprising France, Russia, and Britain) and the Triple Alliance (containing Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy). Tensions in the Balkans came to a head on 28 June 1914, following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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