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Brazilian Militias
Brazilian militias ( pt, Milícias), mainly in Rio de Janeiro, and some other cities of Brazil, are illegal mafia-like paramilitary groups made up of current and former police (Civil or Military) officers as well as Military Firefighters Corps officers, criminals, politicians, and military officers, operating also as a regular mafia by trade extortion and political influence. Militias carry out both vigilante and organized crime activities. In the favelas, drug gangs like ADA and Red Command control trafficking and violence networks, openly selling drugs and carrying weapons as well as acting as the de facto authorities, building infrastructure and enforcing their own brand of law and order. These police-backed militias historically force out the drug traffickers in order to set up their own protection rackets, extorting residents and taxing basic services. History The militias have their roots in the death squads of the Brazilian military dictatorship in 1964. They emerged ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brazil
Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area and the seventh most populous. Its capital is Brasília, and its most populous city is São Paulo. The federation is composed of the union of the 26 States of Brazil, states and the Federal District (Brazil), Federal District. It is the largest country to have Portuguese language, Portuguese as an List of territorial entities where Portuguese is an official language, official language and the only one in the Americas; one of the most Multiculturalism, multicultural and ethnically diverse nations, due to over a century of mass Immigration to Brazil, immigration from around the world; and the most populous Catholic Church by country, Roman Catholic-majority country. Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, Brazil has a Coastline of Brazi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deutsche Welle
Deutsche Welle (; "German Wave" in English), abbreviated to DW, is a German public, state-owned international broadcaster funded by the German federal tax budget. The service is available in 32 languages. DW's satellite television service consists of channels in English, German, Spanish, and Arabic. The work of DW is regulated by the Deutsche Welle Act, meaning that content is intended to be independent of government influence. DW is a member of the European Broadcasting Union (EBU). DW offers regularly updated articles on its news website and runs its own center for international media development, DW Akademie. The broadcaster's stated goals are to produce reliable news coverage, provide access to the German language, and promote understanding between peoples. It is also a provider of live streaming world news which can be viewed via its website, YouTube, and various mobile devices and digital media players. DW has been broadcasting since 1953. It is headquartered in Bonn, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Incarcerated
A prison, also known as a jail, gaol (dated, standard English, Australian, and historically in Canada), penitentiary (American English and Canadian English), detention center (or detention centre outside the US), correction center, correctional facility, lock-up, hoosegow or remand center, is a facility in which inmates (or prisoners) are confined against their will and usually denied a variety of freedoms under the authority of the state as punishment for various crimes. Prisons are most commonly used within a criminal justice system: people charged with crimes may be imprisoned until their trial; those pleading or being found guilty of crimes at trial may be sentenced to a specified period of imprisonment. In simplest terms, a prison can also be described as a building in which people are legally held as a punishment for a crime they have committed. Prisons can also be used as a tool of political repression by authoritarian regimes. Their perceived opponents may be impri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marcelo Itagiba
Marcelo Zaturansky Nogueira Itagiba (born 20 March 1956) is a Brazilian politician. Itagiba was the Brazilian Federal Police superintendent, secretary of public security of the Rio de Janeiro State Rio de Janeiro () is one of the 27 federative units of Brazil. It has the second largest economy of Brazil, with the largest being that of the state of São Paulo. The state, which has 8.2% of the Brazilian population, is responsible for 9.2% of ... during Rosinha Matheus' government in that State. In 2006, he was elected as a Federal Deputy, representing the State of Rio de Janeiro at the Chamber of Deputies of Brazil. References 1956 births Living people Jewish Brazilian politicians Brazilian Social Democracy Party politicians Brazilian Democratic Movement politicians Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Brazil) from Rio de Janeiro (state) {{Brazil-politician-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marcelo Freixo
Marcelo Ribeiro Freixo () is a Brazilian politician and teacher. He is a Chamber of Deputies (Brazil), federal deputy for the Brazilian Socialist Party (PSB), and was formerly chairman of the Defence of Human Rights and Citizenship Commission on the Legislative Assembly of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro Legislative Assembly. Freixo gained national attention when he presided over a parliamentary inquiry commission on Brazilian police militias, police militias in Rio de Janeiro, having a character inspired on him in the Brazilian film ''Elite Squad: The Enemy Within'', directed by José Padilha. He ran for mayor of Rio de Janeiro twice, in 2012 and 2016 Rio de Janeiro mayoral election, 2016, having as vice-mayor candidate on the ticket in 2016 the lawyer and professor at Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ Luciana Boiteux. He ended in second in both the run-offs, losing the first to Eduardo Paes from Brazilian Democratic Movement, PMDB, and the second to the Brazilian Republi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
State Deputy
Established by the Constitution of Brazil, the State Senate is the State's representative body. The members are elected through the proportional system, by taking into account the joining affiliation (political party or coalition of parties), as a way to define the number of elected candidates that are filling the vacancies reserved for specific groups. State Representative (Deputado Estadual) is the name given to the political agent while the corresponding body is the State Legislative Assembly (Assembléia Legislativa Estadual), which is the highest legislative authority of each state. Mandate The term for a Representative is 4 years. The term for the President of the Legislature (elected) is a 4 or 5-year period, beginning 6 months after the start of the session. Function The Constitution gives state legislators the task of legislating in the field of state legislative powers defined by the Constitution, including being able to propose, amend, modify, revoke and repeal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Legislative Assembly Of Rio De Janeiro
The Legislative Assembly of Rio de Janeiro ( pt, Assembleia Legislativa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro or ''ALERJ'') is the unicameral legislature of Rio de Janeiro, a state in Brazil. It has 70 state deputies elected by proportional representation. After the 1834 Additional Act, the Provincial Assembly was founded in the city of Vila Real de Praia Grande (now Niterói), after the unification of the states of Guanabara and Rio de Janeiro on March 15, 1975 the assembly was moved to the Tiradentes Palace in the city of Rio de Janeiro (site of the Chamber of Deputies of Brazil until 1960). External linksOfficial website * |
Brazilian Military Dictatorship
The military dictatorship in Brazil ( pt, ditadura militar) was established on 1 April 1964, after a coup d'état by the Brazilian Armed Forces, with support from the United States government, against President João Goulart. The Brazilian dictatorship lasted for 21 years, until 15 March 1985. The military coup was fomented by José de Magalhães Pinto, Adhemar de Barros, and Carlos Lacerda (who had already participated in the conspiracy to depose Getúlio Vargas in 1945), then governors of the states of Minas Gerais, São Paulo, and Guanabara, respectively. The coup was planned and executed by the most forefront commanders of the Brazilian Army and received the support of almost all high-ranking members of the military, along with conservative elements in society, like the Catholic Church and anti-communist civil movements among the Brazilian middle and upper classes. Internationally, it was supported by the State Department of the United States through its embassy in Bra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Militias
A militia () is generally an army or some other fighting organization of non-professional soldiers, citizens of a country, or subjects of a state, who may perform military service during a time of need, as opposed to a professional force of regular, full-time military personnel; or, historically, to members of a warrior-nobility class (e.g. knights or samurai). Generally unable to hold ground against regular forces, militias commonly support regular troops by skirmishing, holding fortifications, or conducting irregular warfare, instead of undertaking offensive campaigns by themselves. Local civilian laws often limit militias to serve only in their home region, and to serve only for a limited time; this further reduces their use in long military campaigns. Beginning in the late 20th century, some militias (in particular officially recognized and sanctioned militias of a government) act as professional forces, while still being "part-time" or "on-call" organizations. For instan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Comando Vermelho
Comando Vermelho (, ''Red Command'' or ''Red Commando''), also known as C.V. is a Brazilian criminal organization engaged primarily in drug trafficking, arms trafficking, protection racketeering, kidnappings-for-ransom, armored truck hijackings, loansharking, irregular warfare, narco-terrorism, and turf wars against rival criminal organizations, such as Primeiro Comando da Capital and Terceiro Comando Puro.Conflict Encyclopedia, Brazil, non-state conflict, Comando Vermelho - Terceiro Comando from accessed 21 December 2013 The group, originall ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amigos Dos Amigos
Amigos dos Amigos (ADA, ''Friends of Friends'') is a criminal organization that operates in the Brazilian city of Rio de Janeiro. It was started up in 1998 when a member of Comando Vermelho was expelled from the organization for ordering the murder of another member. The gang's main rivals are Comando Vermelho and Terceiro Comando Puro. ADA controls many drug selling points in the North and West zones. Between 2004 and 2017, ADA controlled Rocinha, the largest favela in Rio de Janeiro, along with many other smaller favelas. With the assassination of the gang leader Bem-Te-Vi in 2005 by police, there was a renewed wave of violence as gangs fought for control over favelas previously controlled by ADA. ADA are thought to wield significant social power in the communities they control, winning support through handouts, throwing parties, and providing some services, while their rivals, the Red Command, imposes itself more through violence. The gang made global headlines in October ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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