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Bram Rutgers
Abraham Arnold Lodewijk "Bram" Rutgers (24 July 1884 – 26 September 1966) was a Dutch botanist and politician who served as Governor-General of Suriname from 1928 until 1933, the Council of State from 1936 until 1959, and served as its Vice-President from 1956 onwards. He was a member of the Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP). Biography Rutgers was born on 24 July 1884 in Amsterdam, Netherlands. He wanted to study mathematics and physics, however his family belonged to the Christian Reformed Church which implied that he had to go to the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam which did not teach physics, therefore, he also enlisted at the secular University of Amsterdam. In 1910, he obtained his doctorate in botany at Utrecht University. After graduating, Rutgers left for Dutch East Indies (nowadays: Indonesia) to work for the Department of Agriculture. On 14 November 1910, he married the daughter of Alexander Idenburg who was the Gouvernor of the Dutch East Indies. Between 1916 and 1922, h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vice-President Of The Council Of State (Netherlands)
The vice-president of the Council of State ( nl, Vice-President van de Raad van State) is the ''de facto'' presiding officer of the Council of State. The monarch serves as the ''ex officio'' president of the Council of State but in reality seldom chairs meetings, in his absence, the vice-president serves as ''pro tempore'' chair of those meetings. The vice-president is also in charge of the council's organisation and administrative duties. The Constitution of the Netherlands stipulates that if the royal house were to become extinct the vice-president will become the acting head of state. Like the other members of the Council of State the vice president is appointed by the monarch upon nomination by the minister of the interior and kingdom relations. The service of the vice-president is a life tenure appointment but is required by law to enter a mandatory retirement at the age of 70. Alternatively, an early retirement or a forced termination of his tenure can be given by the monarc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dutch East Indies
The Dutch East Indies, also known as the Netherlands East Indies ( nl, Nederlands(ch)-Indië; ), was a Dutch colony consisting of what is now Indonesia. It was formed from the nationalised trading posts of the Dutch East India Company, which came under the administration of the Dutch government in 1800. During the 19th century, the Dutch possessions and hegemony expanded, reaching the greatest territorial extent in the early 20th century. The Dutch East Indies was one of the most valuable colonies under European rule, and contributed to Dutch global prominence in spice and cash crop trade in the 19th to early 20th centuries. The colonial social order was based on rigid racial and social structures with a Dutch elite living separate from but linked to their native subjects. The term ''Indonesia'' came into use for the geographical location after 1880. In the early 20th century, local intellectuals began developing the concept of Indonesia as a nation state, and set the stage ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dutch Government-in-exile
The Dutch government-in-exile ( nl, Nederlandse regering in ballingschap), also known as the London Cabinet ( nl, Londens kabinet), was the government in exile of the Netherlands, supervised by Queen Wilhelmina, that fled to London after the German invasion of the country during World War II on 10 May 1940. Background and exile Until 1940, the Netherlands was a neutral country that was generally on good terms with Germany. On 10 May 1940, Germany invaded the Netherlands. Queen Wilhelmina fled the country aboard the British destroyer HMS ''Hereward'', arriving in London on 13 May. The Dutch armed forces surrendered two days later as they had been unable to withstand the speed of Germany's blitzkrieg style attack. In London, the queen took charge of the Dutch government-in-exile, which was established at Stratton House in the Piccadilly area of London, opposite Green Park. Initially, their hope was that France would regroup and liberate the country. Although there was such an attem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Willem Drees
Willem () is a Dutch and West FrisianRienk de Haan, ''Fryske Foarnammen'', Leeuwarden, 2002 (Friese Pers Boekerij), , p. 158. masculine given name. The name is Germanic, and can be seen as the Dutch equivalent of the name William in English, Guillaume in French, Guilherme in Portuguese, Guillermo in Spanish and Wilhelm in German. Nicknames that are derived from Willem are Jelle, Pim, Willie, Willy and Wim. Given name *Willem Cody (2007-Present), Active Serbian terrorist, Leader of the Serbian World Republic, Intolerably based * Willem I (1772–1843), King of the Netherlands * Willem II (1792–1849), King of the Netherlands * Willem III (1817–1890), King of the Netherlands * Willem of the Netherlands (1840–1879), Dutch prince *Willem-Alexander (b. 1967), King of the Netherlands *Willem Aantjes (b. 1923), Dutch politician *Willem Adelaar (b. 1948), Dutch linguist *Willem Andriessen (1887–1964), Dutch pianist and composer *Willem Arondeus (1894–1943), Dutch artist and a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mariënburg
Mariënburg is a former sugarcane plantation, factory and village, situated in the district of Commewijne, in northern Suriname. History In 1745, Mariënburg was founded as a sugar plantation by Maria de la Jaille. After several owner changes, the plantation became a coffee plantation in the 19th century. In 1882, the plantation, which had been abandoned, was purchased by the Netherlands Trading Society (NHM). The Society wanted to establish a central sugarcane factory, which had to be able to handle the surrounding plantations. To support the incoming supply of sugarcane, a railway was built, the first railway in Suriname. On 23 October 1882, the cane processing factory opened. Soon after, one of the plantations dropped out, and the remaining production was not worthwhile. The NHM bought the plantations to keep the vast supplies of sugar running. On Mariënburg itself, sugarcane was also planted. The NHM took Javanese indentured laborers from the then Dutch East Indies. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Buchenwald Concentration Camp
Buchenwald (; literally 'beech forest') was a Nazi concentration camp established on hill near Weimar, Germany, in July 1937. It was one of the first and the largest of the concentration camps within Germany's 1937 borders. Many actual or suspected communists were among the first internees. Prisoners came from all over Europe and the Soviet Union—Jews, Poles and other Slavs, the mentally ill and physically disabled, political prisoners, Romani people, Freemasons, and prisoners of war. There were also ordinary criminals and sexual "deviants". All prisoners worked primarily as forced labor in local armaments factories. The insufficient food and poor conditions, as well as deliberate executions, led to 56,545 deaths at Buchenwald of the 280,000 prisoners who passed through the camp and its 139 subcamps. The camp gained notoriety when it was liberated by the United States Army in April 1945; Allied commander Dwight D. Eisenhower visited one of its subcamps. From August 194 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kamp Schoorl
Schoorl transit camp ( nl, Kamp Schoorl, german: Polizeiliches Durchgangslager Schoorl), originally a Dutch army camp (1939–1940), was a Nazi concentration camp (1940–1941) near the village of Schoorl in the Netherlands. History ''Kamp Schoorl'' was built in 1939 as a Dutch army camp. Nazi Germany occupied the Netherlands from May 1940 until May 1945. Among the prisoners were people from The Netherlands, England, Belgium and France. After a few months the French and the Belgians were released. In September 1940 the English prisoners were transferred to a German camp in the Polish town of Toszek. The first Jews captured during the razzia (pogrom) of 22 and 23 February 1941 in Amsterdam () were transferred to the camp in an army truck. The group of 425 people only stayed for four days after which they were transferred to Buchenwald concentration camp where in June 1941 they were again transferred to Mauthausen concentration camp. Only two of this group survived the war. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Internment
Internment is the imprisonment of people, commonly in large groups, without charges or intent to file charges. The term is especially used for the confinement "of enemy citizens in wartime or of terrorism suspects". Thus, while it can simply mean imprisonment, it tends to refer to preventive confinement rather than confinement ''after'' having been convicted of some crime. Use of these terms is subject to debate and political sensitivities. The word ''internment'' is also occasionally used to describe a neutral country's practice of detaining belligerent armed forces and equipment on its territory during times of war, under the Hague Convention of 1907. Interned persons may be held in prisons or in facilities known as internment camps (also known as concentration camps). The term ''concentration camp'' originates from the Spanish–Cuban Ten Years' War when Spanish forces detained Cuban civilians in camps in order to more easily combat guerrilla forces. Over the followin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Invasion Of The Netherlands
The German invasion of the Netherlands ( nl, Duitse aanval op Nederland), otherwise known as the Battle of the Netherlands ( nl, Slag om Nederland), was a military campaign part of Case Yellow (german: Fall Gelb), the Nazi German invasion of the Low Countries (Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands) and France during World War II. The battle lasted from 10 May 1940 until the surrender of the main Dutch forces on 14 May. Dutch troops in the province of Zeeland continued to resist the ''Wehrmacht'' until 17 May when Germany completed its occupation of the whole country. The invasion of the Netherlands saw some of the earliest mass paratroop drops, to occupy tactical points and assist the advance of ground troops. The German ''Luftwaffe'' used paratroopers in the capture of several airfields in the vicinity of Rotterdam and The Hague, helping to quickly overrun the country and immobilise Dutch forces. After the devastating Nazi bombing of Rotterdam by the ''Luftwaffe'' on 14 M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Algemeen Handelsblad
''NRC'', previously called ''NRC Handelsblad'' (), is a daily morning newspaper published in the Netherlands by NRC Media. It is generally accepted as a newspaper of record in the Netherlands. History ''NRC Handelsblad'' was first published on 1 October 1970 after a merger of the Amsterdam newspaper ''Algemeen Handelsblad'' (founded 1828 by J.W. van den Biesen) and the Rotterdam ''Nieuwe Rotterdamsche Courant'' (founded 1844 by Henricus Nijgh). The paper's motto is ''Lux et Libertas'' – Light (referring to the Age of Enlightenment) and Freedom. Editor was succeeded on 12 December 2006, by . After a dispute with the new owners Donker had to step down on 26 April 2010 and was replaced by Belgian . In 2019, he was succeeded by René Moerland. On 7 March 2011, the paper changed its format from broadsheet to tabloid. The circulation of ''NRC Handelsblad'' in 2014 was 188,500 copies, putting it in 4th place among the national dailies. In 2015 the NRC Media group was acquired by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Onafhankelijkheidsplein
The Onafhankelijkheidsplein (, Independence Square) is a town square in Paramaribo, the capital of Suriname. The square is situated in the historical inner city, near the Suriname River and the Presidential Palace of Suriname. Before the independence of Suriname from the Netherlands in 1975, it was also called the ''Oranjeplein'' (Orange Square) and the ''Gouvernementsplein'' (Government Square). Buiten-Sociëteit Het Park is located on the square. On 1 Augustus 1996, the building which housed the National Assembly of Suriname burnt down. The National Assembly moved to the former park house. Other buildings on the square include the Ministry of Finance and the Congress Hall Congress Hall, located in Philadelphia at the intersection of Chestnut and 6th Streets, served as the seat of the United States Congress from December 6, 1790, to May 14, 1800. During Congress Hall's duration as the capitol of the United State .... References Paramaribo Tourist attractions in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anton De Kom
Cornelis Gerhard Anton de Kom (22 February 1898 – 24 April 1945) was a Surinamese resistance fighter and anti-colonialist author. He was arrested in Suriname and the protest against his arrest resulted in two deaths. De Kom was subsequently exiled to the Netherlands where he wrote ''Wij slaven van Suriname'' ("We Slaves of Surinam"), an anti-colonial book. During World War II, he joined the resistance, was arrested, and sent to concentration camps where he died. In 2020, de Kom was added as a subject on the Canon of the Netherlands, a chronological list of fifty key events and people in Dutch history to be taught in schools. Biography De Kom was born in Paramaribo, Suriname, to farmer Adolf de Kom and Judith Jacoba Dulder. His father was born a slave. De Kom finished primary and secondary school and obtained a diploma in bookkeeping. He worked for the ''Balata Compagnieën Suriname en Guyana''. On 29 July 1920, he resigned and left for Haiti where he worked for the ''S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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